• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

Considerable progress on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery has been made over the past 20 years, and the results have improved significantly. An anatomical understanding of the anterior cruciate ligament has also changed, and the surgical technique has also changed accordingly. The double-bundle concept is still valid, but the ribbon-shaped anterior cruciate ligament concept, including direct fiber and indirect fiber, is gradually replacing it. The isometry point theory no longer exists, and various surgical methods, such as single-bundle anatomical reconstruction, double-bundle reconstruction, remnant preservation, and rectangular tunnel technique, are being performed. Regarding the graft, interest in the bone-patellar tendon-bone, patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and allogeneic tendon change over time, and this change is ongoing.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.2341-2347
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• 2021

Because single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is one of the widely used nuclear medicine imaging systems, it is extremely important to acquire high-quality images for diagnosis. In this study, we designed a super-resolution (SR) technique using dense block-based deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and evaluated the algorithm on real SPECT phantom images. To acquire the phantom images, a real SPECT system using a^99mTc source and two physical phantoms was used. To confirm the image quality, the noise properties and visual quality metric evaluation parameters were calculated. The results demonstrate that our proposed method delivers a more valid SR improvement by using dense block-based deep CNNs as compared to conventional reconstruction techniques. In particular, when the proposed method was used, the quantitative performance was improved from 1.2 to 5.0 times compared to the result of using the conventional iterative reconstruction. Here, we confirmed the effects on the image quality of the resulting SR image, and our proposed technique was shown to be effective for nuclear medicine imaging.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the global rating of knee function as a measure of participation restrictions experienced during activities of daily living and sports by patients with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-three subjects (33 males, 10 females, age=20.3 ± 1.3 years), at a mean of 31.2 ± 14.4 months following ACLR, participated in this study. During testing, subjects were first asked to provide a global rating of function by assessing their level of knee function on a 0 to 100 scale, with 0 points representing complete loss of function due to their knee injury and 100 points representing their level of function prior to their knee injury. After providing a global rating of function, subjects completed the Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS) and Sports Activity Scale (SAS), which served as the measure of participation restrictions in this study. Results: Pearson product correlations revealed moderate relationships between the global rating of function and the ADLS (r=0.66, p<0.0001) and SAS (r=0.69, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The global rating of knee function provides a valid measure of participation restrictions experienced during activities of daily living and sports by patients with a history of ACLR.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3700-3708
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• 2023

The stochastic origin ensembles method with resolution recovery (SOE-RR) has been proposed to reconstruct proton-induced prompt gammas (PGs), and the reconstructed PG image was used for range verification. However, due to low detection efficiency, the number of valid events is low. Such a low-count condition can degrade the accuracy of the SOE-RR method for proton range verification. In this study, we proposed two strategies to improve the reconstruction of the SOE-RR algorithm for low-count PG imaging. We also studied the number of iterations and repetitions required to achieve reliable range verification. We simulated a proton beam (10⁸ protons) irradiated on a water phantom and used a two-layer Compton camera to detect 4.44-MeV PGs. Our simulated results show that combining the SOE-RR algorithm with restricted volume (SOE-RR-RV) can reduce the error of the estimation of the Bragg peak position from 5.0 mm to 2.5 mm. We also found that the SOE-RR-RV algorithm initialized using a back-projection image could improve the convergence rate while maintaining accurate range verification. Finally, we observed that the improved SOE-RR algorithm set for 60,000 iterations and 25 repetitions could provide reliable PG images. Based on the proposed reconstruction strategies, the SOE-RR algorithm has the potential to achieve a positioning error of 2.5 mm for low-count PG imaging.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.332-338
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• 2022

Background Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is allegedly associated with a higher risk of complications of combined nipple-sparing or skin-sparing mastectomy and subpectoral direct-to-implant immediate breast reconstruction ([N]SSM/SDTI-IBR). For this reason, this combination is usually advised against or, even, refused in women who need to undergo PMRT. Because this advice has never been justified, we assessed the short-term complications that may potentially be associated with PMRT after [N]SSM/SDTI-IBR. Methods We compared the complications requiring reintervention and implant loss occurring after 273 [N]SSM/SDTI-IBR that were exposed to PMRT within the first 16 postoperative weeks (interventional group) to those occurring in 739 similarly operated breasts that were not (control group). Additionally, we compared the fraction of complications requiring reintervention occurring after the onset of radiotherapy in the interventional group to that occurring after a comparable postoperative period in the control group. Results The fraction of breasts requiring unscheduled surgical reinterventions for complications and the loss of implants did not differ significantly between both groups but significantly more reinterventions were needed among the controls (p = 0.00). The fraction of events after the onset of radiotherapy in the interventional group was higher than the fraction of events after 6.2 weeks in the control group, but not significantly so. Conclusion We found no prove for the alleged increase of short-term complications of adjuvant radiotherapy. Therefore, we advise that these should not be considered valid arguments to advice against [N]SSM/SDTI-IBR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2013

The cure rates for early stage laryngeal cancer are similar between laser cordectomy and radiation therapy. As well as the survival outcome, one of the main measures of success in treatment of early laryngeal cancer is voice outcome. Many studies have demonstrated that laser cordectomy and radiation therapy to be equivalent with regard to vocal outcome, whereas others favor radiation. Although such as somewhat disadvantages of voice outcome, laser cordectomy still remains a valid option. Since the patients who treated with laser may benefit from additional phonosurgery to improve postoperative vocal outcome. In this article, we reviewed the techniques of phonosurgery which can be used for laryngeal reconstruction after laser cordectomy. The indications for using each technique are discussed, with particular attention paid to functional outcomes following these reconstructive efforts.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.621-634
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• 2005

A direct transfer substructure method is presented in this paper for analyzing the dynamic characteristics and the seismic random responses of a series reactor. This method combines the concept of FRF (frequency response function) and the transfer matrix algorithm with the substructure approach. The inner degrees of freedom of each substructure are eliminated in the process of reconstruction and the computation cost is reduced greatly. With the convenient solution procedure, the dynamic characteristics analysis of the structure is valid and efficient. Associated with the pseudo excitation algorithm, the direct transfer substructure method is applied to investigating the seismic random responses of the series reactor. The numerical results demonstrate that the presented method is efficient and practicable in engineering. Finally, a precise time integration method is employed in performing a time-history analysis on the series reactor under El Centro and Taft earthquake waves.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2010

Purpose: The radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap is currently considered as the ideal free flap for reconstruction of mucosal and soft tissue defects of the palate. But the availability of stably attached oral and nasal mucosal lining is needed. In addition to this, for better operation field, operating convenience and esthetics, we planned a prelaminated radial forearm free flap. Methods: A 64-year-old male patient was admitted due to a $4{\times}4.5cm$ full through defect in the middle of the hard palate caused by peripheral T cell lymphoma with actinomycosis. In the first stage, the radial forearm flap was elevated, tailored to fit the hard palate defect, and then it positioned up-side down with split thickness skin graft. Two weeks later, the prelaminated radial forearm free flap was re-elevated and transferred to the palatal defect. One side covered with grafted skin was used to line the nasal cavity, and the other side (the cutaneous portion of the radial forearm flap) was used to line the oral cavity. Results: The prelamination procedure was relatively easy and useful. The skin graft was well taken to the flap. After 2nd stage operation, the flap survived uneventfully. There was no prolapse of the inset flap into the oral cavity and the cutaneous portion of the flap was mucosalized. The procedure was very successful and the patient can enjoy normal rigid diet and speech. Conclusion: The use of prelaminated radial forearm free flap for hard palate reconstruction is an excellent method to restore oral function. Based upon the result of this case, microvascular free flap transfer with prelaminated procedure is a valid alternative to the prosthetic obturator for palatal defect that provides an improved quality of life. It should be considered as an integral component of head and neck cancer therapy and rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.2417-2426
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• 2014

Remote gaze tracking system calculates the gaze from captured images that reflect infra-red LEDs in cornea. Glint is the point that reflect infra-red LEDs to cornea. Recently, remote gaze tracking system uses a number of IR-LEDs to make the system less prone to head movement and eliminate calibration procedure. However, in some cases, some of glints are unable to spot. In this case, it is impossible to calculate gaze. This study examines patterns of glints that are difficult to detect in remote gaze tracking system. Afterward, we propose an algorithm to reconstruct positions of missing glints that are difficult to detect using other detected glints. Based on this algorithm, we increased the number of valid image frames in gaze tracking experiments, and reduce errors of gaze tracking results by correcting glint's distortion in the reconstruction phase.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.302-313
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• 2023

This paper aims to develop a framework that can fully automate the quality management of training data used in large-scale Artificial Intelligence (AI) models built by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) in the 'AI Hub Data Dam' project, which has invested more than 1 trillion won since 2017. Autonomous driving technology using AI has achieved excellent performance through many studies, but it requires a large amount of high-quality data to train the model. Moreover, it is still difficult for humans to directly inspect the processed data and prove it is valid, and a model trained with erroneous data can cause fatal problems in real life. This paper presents a dataset reconstruction framework that removes abnormal data from the constructed dataset and introduces strategies to improve the performance of AI models by reconstructing them into a reliable dataset to increase the efficiency of model training. The framework's validity was verified through an experiment on the autonomous driving dataset published through the AI Hub of the National Information Society Agency (NIA). As a result, it was confirmed that it could be rebuilt as a reliable dataset from which abnormal data has been removed.