• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.6 no.2 s.19
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

The blue emitting OLEDs using TMP-BiP[(4'-Benzoylferphenyl-4-yl)phenyl-methanone-Diethyl(biphenyl-4-ymethyl) phosphonate] host and DJNBD-1 dopant have been fabricated and characterized. In the device fabrication, 2-TNATA [4,4',4"-tris(2-naphthylphenyl-phenylamino)-triphenylamine] as a hole injection material and NPB [N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine] as a hole transport material were deposited on the ITO(indium tin oxide)/glass substrate by vacuum thermal evaporation method. Followed by the deposition, blue color emission layer was deposited using TMP-BiP as a host material and DJNBD-1 as a dopant. Finally, small molecule OLEDs with structure of $ITO/2-TNATA/NPB/TMP-BiP:DJNBD-l/Alq_3/LiF/Al$ were obtained by in-situ deposition of $Alq_3$, LiF and Al as the electron transport material, electron injection material and cathode, respectively. The effect of dopant into host material of the blue OLEDs was studied. The blue OLEDs with DJNBD-1 dopant showed that the maximum current and luminance were found to be about 34 mA and $8110\;cd/m^2$ at 11 V, respectively. In addition, the color coordinate was x=0.17, y=0.17 in CIE color chart, and the peak emission wavelength was 440 nm. The maximum current efficiency of 2.15 cd/A at 7 V was obtained in this experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.1080-1083
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• 2017

In the design of KSLV-II, there is a scenario in which supercooled liquid oxygen is supplied to prevent a geysering phenomenon in the oxidizer pipe and a cavitation phenomenon at the pump inlet. To verify this condition in the engine development test phase, a system that supplies supercooled liquid oxygen to the engine was applied in the engine combustion test facility. In this system, supercooling methods using a vacuum ejector and using helium injection to the tank were appied. Both tests were carried out for about 17 minutes. Supercooling results of about 3.3K for the ejector test and about 2.2K for the helium injection test were obtained at the 50% level of the tank.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.690-695
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• 1996

We have systematically investigated the characterization of V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ thin films as a counter electrode for lithium based complementary electrochromic devices. The V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ thin films were prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation with varing the substrate temperature and film thickness. In electrochromic devices for smart windows, the WO$_{3}$ thin films with 400-800 nm thickness require to be capable of reversibly injection 10-15 mC/cm$^{2}$ of lithium, which is readily accomplished charge-balanced switching in a V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ thin films with 100-150nm thick. The V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ thin films produces considerably small changes in optical modulation properties in the visible and near infrared region(500-1100 nm) compared to the amorphous WO$_{3}$ thin films on 10-15 mC/cm$^{2}$ of lithium injection and the V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ thin films can therefore act as a counter electrode to WO$_{3}$ in a lithium based complementary clectrochromic devices. After 10$^{5}$ coloration/bleaching switching time, the degradation does not occurs and the devices exhibit a stable optical modulation in V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ thin films. It has shown that the injected lithium ion amounts in crystalline V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ thin films with the same thickness is large by 3-5 mC/cm$^{2}$ of lithium compared to the amorphous thin films in the same driving conditions. Therefore, to optimize the device performance, it is necessary to choose an appropriate film thickness and crystallinity of V$_{2}$O$_{5}$ for amorphous WO$_{3}$ film thickness as a working electrode.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2012

Direct synthesis of graphene using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been considered a facile way to produce large-area and uniform graphene film, which is an accessible method from an application standpoint. Hence, their fundamental understanding is highly required. Unfortunately, the CVD growth mechanism of graphene on Cu remains elusive and controversial. Here, we present the evidences for two different growth modes of graphene on Cu investigated by varying carbon feedstock (C2H2 and CH4) and working pressure. The number of uniform graphene layer grown by C2H2 increased with increasing its injection time. A combined secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed a carbon-diffused Cu layer created below surface region of Cu substrate with the expansion of Cu lattice. The graphene on Cu was grown by the diffusion and precipitation mode not by the surface adsorption mode, because similar results were observed in graphene/Ni system. The carbon-diffused Cu layer was also observed after graphene growth under high CH4 pressure. Based on various previous results and ours, we have successfully found that there are two selective growth modes for graphene on Cu substrate, and a desired mode can be chosen by tuning working pressure corresponding to the kind of carbon feedstock. We believe that this finding will shed light on high quality graphene growth and its multifaceted applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.407.1-407.1
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• 2016

Electrochromism is defined as a phenomenon which involves persistently repeated change of optical properties between bleached state and colored state by simultaneous injection of electrons and ions, sufficient to induce an electrochemical redox process. Due to this feature, considerable progress has been made in the synthesis of electrochromic (EC) materials, improvements of EC properties in EC devices such as light shutter, smart window and variable reflectance mirrors etc. Among the variable EC materials, solid-state inorganics in particular, metal oxide semiconducting materials such as nickel oxide (NiO) have been investigated extensively. The NiO that is an anodic EC material is of special interest because of high color contrast ratio, large dynamic range and low material cost. The high performance EC devices should present the use of standard industrial production techniques to produce films with high coloration efficiency, rapid switching speed and robust reversibility. Generally, the color contrast and the optical switching speed increase drastically if high surface area is used. The structure of porous thin film provides a specific surface area and can facilitate a very short response time of the reaction between the surface and ions. The large variety of methods has been used to prepare the porous NiO thin films such as sol-gel process, chemical bath deposition and sputtering. Few studies have been reported on NiO thin films made by using sol-gel method. However, compared with dry process, wet processes that have the questions of the durability and the vestige of bleached state color limit the thin films practical use, especially when prepared by sol-gel method. In this study, we synthesis the porous NiO thin films on the fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by using sputtering and anodizing method. Also we compared electrical and optical properties of NiO thin films prepared by sol gel. The porous structure is promised to be helpful to the properties enhancement of the EC devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.84.1-84.1
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• 2015

Recent years in particular in Korea see intensive interests in a deep geothermal engineering and its application in different uses as far as from direct uses to power generation sectors, that are achieved by harnessing hot energy sources from the earth. For instance widespread interest has been generated because the geothermal energy is the source that one extracts it for more than 20 hours per day and for about 30 years of an operation of the plant, which enables to give base load as for heating as well as an electric generation. In retrospect, shallow geothermal energy using heat pumps is commonplace in Korea while the deep geothermal is in the early stage of the development. Geothermal energies in view of the way of extracting heat are mainly categorized into several types such as a single well system, a hydrothermal system, an enhanced geothermal system (EGS) etc. In this talk, this speaker focuses on the thermo-fluid engineering of the single well system by introducing the modeling in order to harness hot fluid that is thermally balanced with the fluid of an injection well, which provides a challenge to assess the life time of the well. To avoid the loss of the temperature in producing the hot fluid, a specialized pipe or a borehole heat exchanger has been designed, and its concept is introduced. On the other hand, a binary system or an organic Rankine cycle, which provides the methodology to convert the heat into an electricity, is briefly introduced. Some experimental results of the binary system which has been constructed in our lab will be presented. Lastly as for the future direction, some comments for the industrialization of the deep geothermal energy in this country will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.481-487
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• 2009

To control the diameter size of the carbon nanofilaments (CNFs), SF6 was incorporated in the source gases ($C_2H_2/H_2$) during the initial deposition stage. The source gases and $SF_6$ were manipulated as the cyclic on/off modulation of $C_2H_2/H_2/SF_6$ flow in a thermal chemical vapor deposition system. The characteristics of the CNFs formation on the substrate were investigated according to the different cyclic modulation processes and the substrate temperatures. By $SF_6\;+\;H_2$ flow injection during the cycling etching interval time, the diameter size of CNFs was extremely decreased. The cause for the decrease in the diameter size of the individual CNFs by the cyclic on/off modulation process of $C_2H_2/H_2/SF_6$ flow was discussed in association with the slightly enhanced etching ability by the incorporation of $SF_6$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

In this study, porous stainless steel (STS316L) sintered body was fabricated by powder metallurgy method and its properties such as porosity, compressive yield strength, hardness, and permeability were evaluated. 67.5Fe-17Cr- 13Ni-2.5Mo (wt%) powder was produced by a water atomization. The atomized powder was classified into size with under $45{\mu}m$ and over $180{\mu}m$, and then they were compacted with various pressures and sintered at $1210^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in a vacuum atmosphere. The porosities of sintered bodies could be obtained in range of 20~53% by controlling the compaction pressure. Compressive yield strength and hardness were achieved up to 268 MPa and 94 Shore D, respectively. Air permeability was obtained up to $79l/min{\cdot}cm^2$. As a result, mechanical properties and air permeability of the optimized porous body having a porosity of 25~40% were very superior to that of Al alloy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.466-469
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• 2016

External volume expansion of the recipient site by suction has been proposed as a way of improving fat graft survival. The objective of this study was to present an innovative and simple intraoperative external expansion system to enhance small-volume autologous fat grafting (40-80 mL) and to discuss its background and its mechanism of action. In this system, expansion is performed using a complete vacuum delivery system known as the Kiwi VAC-6000M with a PalmPump (Clinical Innovations). The recipient site is rapidly expanded intraoperatively 10 times for 30 seconds each with a negative pressure of up to 550 mm Hg before autologous fat injection. During this repetitive stimulation, the tissues become grossly expanded, developing macroscopic swelling that regresses slowly over the course of hours following the cessation of the stimulus. The system sets various mechanisms in motion, including scar release, mechanical stimulation, edema, ischemia, and inflammation, which provide an environment conducive for cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In order to maintain the graft construct in its expansive state, all patients are encouraged postoperatively to use the Kiwi three times daily for one minute per session over the course of three days. The handling of this system is simple for both the patients and the surgeon. Satisfactory clinical outcomes have been achieved without significant complications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.36-36
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• 1999

한국중공업(주)에서 수행한 KSTAR 진공용기 시작품 제작이 완성됨에 따라 제작과 관련된 종합기술을 분석하여 보았다. KSTAR 진공용기 시작품(그림1)은 전체의 1/4섹터인 90도 부분으로서 NBI(Neutral Beam Injection) 포트를 포함하는 45도 섹터와 축소포트(Reduced Port)를 포함하는 45도 섹터를 각각 먼저 제작한 후 두 부분을 용접하여 최종 시작품을 완성하였다. 용접은 SMAW법과 GTAW법 등 두가지 방법을 사용하였으며, 초기 용접시는 용접 면적이 작기 때문에 GTAW법을 이용하였고, 마무리 용접과 같이 용접 면적이 넓고 거친 부분에는 SMAW법을 이용하여 용접하였다. 모든 용접이 완전통과 용접이기 때문에 구조적 안전 면에서 좋으나, 진공측면에서는 다소 미흡한 점이 있다. 시작품은 상하 대칭구조로서 원통부분, 원형부분, 원추부분, 너클부분 (그림2) 등으로 나뉘어 지며 이중 원형품은 금형을 이용하여 성형하였고, 나머지 부분은 굽힘가공 후 절단적업을 하였다. 진공용기 조립은 안쪽과 바깥쪽 내벽부터 용접한 후 폴로이달 리브를 용접하고 외벽을 용접한다. 수평포트와 수직포트를 위해 스터브를 용접한 후 미리 용접해둔 NBI 포트 및 축소포트를 부착시켰다. 용접부위의 누설시험을 위한 방법으로, 용접주위 표면에서 개구하고 있는 홈에 적색 침투액을 침투시켜 침투 후 이 액을 홈의 개구로부터 빨아 내어 용접부위 표면상태에서 실제의 홈의 폭보다 확대한 홈의 지시모양으로 나타내게 하여 누설여부를 알기 쉽게 하는 액체 침투 탐상법을 적용하였다. 지시모양의 크기가 5mm 이상인 부분에 대해서는 재용접을 하였다. 누설 시험으로 초음파 탐상시험이 본제품 제작시 수행되어야 한다. 완성된 시작품에 대해 3군데의 위치에서 각각의 부분들이 용접되기 전과 후에 치수를 각각 측정하여 비교하였다. 또한 포트들에 대해서도 용접 전후 치수를 각각 측정하였다. 이러한 측정은 줄자를 사용하여 측정하였으므로 차 후 3차원 정밀 측정이 수반되어야 한다. 이상과 같이 시작품 제작을 통하여 문제점을 파악하고 개선책을 마련함으로서 향 후 KSTASR 진공용기 본 제품 제작할 때 반영코자 한다.