• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2016

The two distinctive clinical features of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are varicella (chickenpox) by primary infection and zoster (singles) by the reactivation of latent infection. In addition to the two typical clinical symptoms mentioned above, diverse clinical manifestations have been reported as a result of VZV reactivation, including chronic radicular pain without rash, visual loss, facial palsy, dysphagia, sore throat, odynophagia, otalgia, hearing loss, dizziness, headache, hemiplegia, etc. Most of these symptoms are derived from neuropathy and vasculopathy of affected nerves and arteries. Diagnosis of VZV disease can be difficult if there is no appearance of a skin rash during development of atypical symptoms. In addition to natural infection, vaccination and anti-viral agent treatment have influenced the changes of epidemics and clinical presentations of varicella and zoster. In this article, diverse clinical manifestations caused by VZV reactivation, particular without skin rash, are reviewed.

• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2000

The etiology of rheumatic arthritis (RA) is associated with a number of genetic and environmental factors, but is not definitively elucidated. Recently, more attention has been paid to the possibility of microbial etiology in the pathogenesis of RA, because many different infectious agents have been reported to precede the onset or exacerbation of RA. Adenovirus (ADV) may be one cause of persistent or recurrent inflammatory arthritis. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) arthritis is detected frequently in RA patients treated with low dose methotrexate. The demonstration of simultaneous presence of both viral agents of specific viral nucleic acid in synovial fluids from synovitis patients would provide more direct evidence for arthritis etiological relationship, but there are no confirmed results. Therefore, we studied the ability of adenovirus and VZV to establish coinfection and persistent infection in synovial fluid from synovitis patients. The presence of viral agents in the synovial fluid demonstrated by isolation of cell culture, enzyme immunoassay and nested-PCR. The synovial fluids were also investgated for the presence of viral nucleic acid by nested-PCR using specific primer. ADV produced 220 bp and VZV produced 447 bp by each nested-PCR with specific primers. We detected 4/6 cases (66.7%) with persistent infection of ADV and 5/6 cases (83.3%) of VZV with 13 synovial fluids (between 7 to 52 day intervals) from synovitis patients by monoclonal ErA and nested-PCR. 21/28 cases (75%) with coinfection of adenovirus and VZV with synovial fluids from synovitis patients by nested-PCR. ADV and VZV coinfection and persistent infection of synovial fluids may provide a chronic antigenic stimuli to the immune system therefore provoking a continuing inflammatory response and caused the possibility of synovitis and arthritis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.110-117
• /
• 2022

대상포진은 소아에서 흔하지 않은 질환이며, 국외의 자료에서는 수두 백신 접종 정책 시행 후 대상포진의 발생률이 감소되었다. 저자들은 건강한 어린 소아에서 수두 백신 접종 후 발생한 대상포진 2예를 경험하였다. 특히 이중 1예에서는 피부 검체를 검사하여 대상포진이 백신주 varicella-zoster virus (VZV)에 의한 것을 확인하였다. 2예 모두 발진이 번지는 양상이어서 항바이러스제를 투여하였고 호전되었다. 수두 백신을 접종 받은 어린 소아가, 수두에 이환 되거나 노출된 적이 없으며, 대상포진이 발병하였을 경우 백신주에 의한 대상포진의 가능성을 고려해야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2005

Encephalitis is known as a rare complication of varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. It is usually regarded as a complication of a cutaneous infection in patients with impaired cellular immunity. The reported incidence of herpetic motor involvement range between 0.5 and 31%, but is possibly more frequent as the weakness is readily obscured by pain. A 53-years-old woman, who presented with severe shoulder pain, fever, headache and seizure, which developed the day after skin eruptions, also developed motor paresis 7 days after the seizure. Her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was VZV-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative, but VZV specific IgG antibody positive, and her brain MRI was found to be normal. With the early diagnosis and proper treatment, such as intravenous administration of acyclovir, stellate ganglion block and Yamamoto New Scalp Stimulation (YNSS), the patient completely recovered, without psychoneurological sequelae. Herein, we present this case, with a discussion of the relevant literature on the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of central nervous system VZV involvement.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.208-215
• /
• 2020

Zoster sine herpete (ZSH) is one of the atypical clinical manifestations of herpes zoster (HZ), which stems from infection and reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the cranial nerve, spinal nerve, viscera, or autonomic nerve. Patients with ZSH display variable symptoms, such as neuralgia, however, different from HZ, ZSH show no zoster, which makes clinical diagnosis difficult. ZSH not only causes initial symptoms, such as neuropathic pain in the affected nerve, Bell palsy, and Ramsay Hunt syndrome, but also postherpetic neuralgia and fatal complications such as VZV encephalitis and stroke. The misdiagnosis of ZSH and tardy antiviral treatment may lead to severe ZSH sequelae. We review the publications related to ZSH, especially its diagnosis with VZV DNA and/or anti-VZV immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM). More work about ZSH, especially ZSH epidemiological survey and guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment, are needed because most of the present studies are case reports.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 1996

수두 바이 러스(Varicella-zoster virus, VZV) 백신을 생산하기 위하여 약독화된 수두 바이러스 주인 Oka 주를 사용하여 정상세포인 인체 폐세 포(human lung fibroblast cells)로부터 수두 바이 러스 생산조건을 검토하였다. 숙주세포의 배양을 위 한 최적 성장배지로는 DMEM이 조사된 배지 중에 서는 가장 좋음을 알 수 있었으며 숙주세포의 성장율은 세포 age의 지표인 population doubling level (PDL) 이 46 이상인 경우 낮아지는 것무로 확인되 었으며 따라서 수두바이러스 생산을 위해서는 PDL 4 46 이하의 young cell을 사용해야 할 것으로 사료된 다 한편 수두바이러스 생산을 위한 최적 증식조건 으로는 배양온도 $37^{\circ}C$, 혈청농도 2%, MOl 1:5였다. 숙주세포를 대량배양하기 위한 기본조건을 검토 하기 위하여 미 럽담체 (Cytodex-3)를 이용한 spm­n ner flask culture를 시행하였다. 미럽담체에서의 숙 주세포 성장은 T -flask와 비하여 별다른 차이가 없었으나 VZV의 증식은 T-flask 배양에서보다 훨씬 낮았다. 이는 미립담체배양에서의 높은 전단응력 과 미립담체끼리의 영김현상 때문으로 생각된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2000

The viruses of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) and Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) which belong to the alpha herpes subfamily are important human pathogens. When eruptions were not fully developed from these viral infections, clinical diagnosis was not always easy and required virological confirmation test. The above viruses were reactivated in individuals who were compromised in immune competence for one reason or another. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enables rapid and sensitive detection of HSV and VZV DNAs. Its sensitivity was largely influenced by choice of primers. Authors conducted a study to detect of those three viruses in human specimens including vesicle fluid and joint fluid and serum using PCR methods. Primers used for this study were the general primer pair GPHV-RU which was known to amplify within the genes enjoying the highest degree of homology between UL15 of HSV and UL42 of VZV. PCR with primers hybridized pair GPHV-RU amplifies a 396 bp with THP-1 and HSV-2 standard strain DNA and 405 bp with VZV standard strain DNA. Restriction enzyme cleavage with HpaII and DdeI were used to detect and distinguish DNAs of THP-1 and HSV-2 and VZV. The purpose of this study was a rapid and easy detection of VZV and THP-1 or HSV-2 from various clinical specimens (vesicle fluid, serum and joint fluid) by PCR method. Used methods were: HSV PCR with primer 1, 2 and HpaII RE digestion; VZV nested PCR; HSV PCR with primer A, Band BssHII RE digestion. 1) In 33 cases (33/42, 78.6%) VZV was detected single or mixed infection from 42 clinical specimens which included vesicle fluid (5), serum form respiratory infected children (10), serum from immune suppressed adult cancer patients (7) and joint fluid from arthritis patients (20). 2) In 20 cases (20/42, 47.6%) HSV was detected singly or mixed infection and 19 of those cases were HSV-2 and 1 case was THP-1. 3) In 19 cases (19/42, 45.2%) VZV was singly detected which included serum from respiratory infected children (6 cases), joint fluid from arthritis patients (9 cases), vesicle fluid (2 cases) and serum form immunosuppressed cancer patients (2 cases). 4) HSV was singly detected in 6 cases (6/42, 14.3%) which included joint fluid from arthritis patients (5 cases) and serum form respiratory infected children (1 cases). 5) 14 cases of VZV and HSV mixed infection (14/42, 33.3%) were detected. They included vesicle fluid (3 cases), serum form immunosuppressed cancer patients (4 cases), serum from respiratory infected children (2 cases) and joint fluid from arthritis patients (5 cases). 6) HSV-1 and HSV-2 detection and typing by HSV PCR with primer A, Band BssHII RE digestion method was more sensitive and the results were easier to detect than on other method.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2010

Herpes virus family is highly infectious to patients, their families and dentists. The diagnosis of herpes infection is based on the characteristic clinical appearance and the location of the lesions. Herpes Simplex Virus(HSV) usually acquired through direct contact with infected lesions or body fluids, and the prevalence of HSV infection increases progressively from childhood. Primary infections provoke herpetic gingivostomatis typically affects the tongue, lips, gingival, buccal mucosa and palate. Recurrent infections give rise to vesiculo-ulcerative lesions at vermilion border of lip(herpes labialis). In the form of chickenpox, Varicella Zoster Virus(VZV) usually is infected in childhood. VZV spreads in the affected primary afferent nerve to the skin and produces a vesicular rash and pain. Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) infects B cells and cause infectious mononucleosis. Latent EBV infection has also been implicated in Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cytomegalovirus(CMV) is associated with immune-compromised patient such as organ transplantation and AIDS patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 2005

재발성 아프타성 궤양 환자의 타액에서 구강내 궤양성 병소를 유발할 수 있고 감염성이 비교적 높은 미생물로 알려진 Herpes Simplex virus, Varicella Zoster virus, Helicobacter pylori 그리고 Candida가 발현되는지 여부와 병소의 발생과 상관관계가 있는지를 알아보고자 조선대학교 치과병원 구강내과에 내원한 재발성 아프타성 궤양을 가진 환자 29명과 대조군 29명의 타액을 이용하여 PCR과 배양을 통해 발현율을 비교한바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. HSV DNA는 재발성 아프타성 궤양 환자군에서 41.4%, 대조군에서 55.2%가 발현되었으나 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었고(P>0.05), VZV DNA는 두 군에서 모두 나타나지 않았다. 2. H. pylori DNA는 재발성 아프타성 궤양 환자군에서 27.6%, 대조군에서 48.3%가 발현되었으나 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 3. Candida는 재발성 아프타성 궤양 환자군에서 13.8%, 대조군에서 6.9%가 배양되었으나 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 이상의 연구를 종합하여 보았을 때, HSV, VZV, H. pylori 그리고 Candida는 재발성 아프타성 궤양의 발생에 직접적인 역할을 한다고는 볼 수 없으므로 향후 더 많은 표본을 대상으로 다른 미생물이 병소 발생의 유발요인으로 작용하는지 연구하여야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2001

Background : Bell's palsy(BP) is defined as an idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis of acute onset, accounting for more than 50% of all cases of facial paralysis. Different theories on the etiology of BP have been proposed. Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV) has been the most suspicious causative agent, but varicella zoster virus(VZV) also is suspected. Objectives : We evaluated the serological changes of IgG and IgM titer of HSV and VZV to know the causative agent of BP. Materials and Methods : Subjects consisted of 35 patients who developed acute idiopathic unilateral facial palsy(16 men and 19 women from 9 to 78 years old) within a week of onset. We took the serum of the acute and convalescent stages, respectively. Serum IgG and IgM titer of HSV and VZV were measured in acute and convalescent stages by EIA method. Results : Only the HSV IgG titer showed statistically significant elevation in the convalescent stage(p=0.0291). Others did not show any significant change between the acute and convalescent stage. Conclusion : We concluded that HSV may be related to the causative agent of BP.