• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.266-269
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• 2005

This study targeted methane production and decrease of organic materials concentration by high temperature anaerobic digestion of food waste. A anaerobic reactor with circulation was employed and the operation condition as follows: high temperature of $45{\pm}2,$ 0.6 $kg-VS/m^3/d,$ HRT of 70 days, pH of $6.8{\sim}7.2$. The CODcr removal rate of $75%{\sim}85%$ with effluent of $14,000{\sim}19,000$ mg/L in case of influent of $75,000{\sim}95,000$ mg/L showed. In influent TS(Total Solid) and VS(Volatile Solid) concentration of $2.94%{\sim}5.09%,$ and $2.98{\sim}5.01%,$ the effluent concentration was $0.65{\sim}1.1%$ and $0.6%{\sim}0.8%,$ respectively. 0.28 $m^3-CH_4$ / kg-VS was averagely obtained in the system.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.845-850
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• 2014

In the present study, the effects of extracts from Korean plants on the DNA damage response in HaCaT cells exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) were investigated. The activity of cells treated for 24 hr with ethanol extracts from Vaccinium spp. (VS), and Vitis vinifera L (VV) alone was similar to that of the non-treated control, but gradually decreased at concentrations above $200{\mu}g/mL$. However, when post-incubation of UVB-exposed cells was carried out for 24 hr in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the cell activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with that in the normal growth medium. The cell viability of UVB-exposed cells also increased when post-incubated in medium containing VS or VV extracts, in a concentration-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation analysis showed that post-incubation with VS or VV extracts decreased the UVB-induced apoptosis by about 10 and 13%, respectively, of that in cells post-incubated in growth medium. After 24 hr of post-incubation in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the level of CPD and 8-OHdG decreased in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Overall these results suggest that VS and VV extracts assist the survival of UVB-exposed cells, in accordance with the respective decrease in the levels of UVB-induced DNA damage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1010-1016
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• 2000

Effect on the bio-mass and nutrient yield of Lemna perpusilla Torry was studied at two nutrient loading frequencies. Six polythene sinks ($6{\times}2{\times}0.5m^{3}$ area) randomly allocated to two treatments having three sinks in each treatment. Each sink containing $6{\times}2{\times}0.35m^{3}$ water body, was changed either daily with 12.6 kg anaerobically fermented cattle manure (effluent) or with 76 kg efluent at six-day interval. Media Kjeldhal-N (40 vs. 36 mg/L; p>0.05) and $NH_3$-N (9 vs 7 mg/L; p<0.05) concentration were higher in daily charged sinks than those charged at six-day interval. However, temperature ($28.48{^{\circ}C}\;vs.\;28.60{^{\circ}C}$) and pH (6.82 vs. 6.84) were sinilar in both groups of sinks. Biomass (93 vs. $80g/m^{2}/d$) and crude protein (1.24 vs. $1.11g/m^{2}/d$) yield were non-significantly (p>0.05) higher in the daily charged than 6-d interval charged ponds. However, dry matter (4.52 vs. 4.15%), organic matter (83 vs. 84%), crude protein (31.4 va. 29.6%) and organic carbon (47 vs. 47%) content were similar in both daily and 6-d interval charged ponds. There were no apparent relationships between the crude protein content of Lemna and the media Kjeldhal-N or $NH_3$-N concentration apparently due to saturated level of nutrient (N in particular). It was concluded that with the level of effluent used for two treatments, nutrient-loading frequency had no significant effect on the biomass and protein yield of Lemna. Technique described here can be used for year-round duckweed production from fermented cattle manure for feeding poultry/fish in smallholder production system.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Animal carcasses have always been and continue to be a major burden in animal production. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of thermophilic anaerobic digestion for animal carcasses. A batch test using ground meat and organ as the model substrate showed that animal carcasses arehighly biodegradable at thermophilic anaerobic condition. The volatile solids (VS) destruction and $CH_4$ yieldranged from 52.7 to 58.5% and from 220 to 243 mL/g VS, respectively, at initial substrate VS in the range of 1.5~7.7%. However, high ammonia concentration inhibited continuous operation at substrate VS above 2.5%. As ammonia is formed during the degradation of proteineous organic materials, the major constituent of animal carcasses, the only way to reduce the ammonia concentration would be dilution. Co-digestion with other waste stream without high nitrogen content is recommended as an economically feasible approach for thermophilic digestion of animal carcass.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of seaweed (SW) addition on the anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW). Anaerobic batch experiments were carried out at various substrate concentrations (2.5 to 10.0 g VS/L) and mixing ratios (FW:SW=100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 on VS basis) of FW and SW. The methane yield of FW alone was 394, 377, 276, $49mL\;CH_4/g\;VS_{added}$ at each substrate concentration (2.5 to 10.0 g VS/L). In cases of co-digestion, methane yield decreased (up to 15 %) with increasing mixing ratio of SW at low substrate concentration (2.5 to 5.0 g VS/L), while it increased (up to 240 %) at high substrate concentration (7.5 to 10.0 g VS/L). The synergistic effect was calculated based on the amount of methane generated from the single-feedstock digestion of FW and SW. The synergistic effect was not found at 2.5 and 5.0 g VS/L. However, the synergistic effect increased (up to 25% = synergistic increment/total methane production at 10.0 g VS/L, FW:SW=50:50) with increasing the ratio of seaweed at 7.5 and 10.0 g VS/L. At 10.0 g VS/L of FW alone, the accumulated amount of organic acids was 7,426 mg COD/L, which was decreased to 2,346 mg COD/L by seaweed (FW:SW=50:50) addition. The reason for the synergistic effect was to control the production rate of the organic acids by adding SW that has a relatively lower biodegradability compared to FW.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2008

Anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and food waste for biogas production was performed in serum bottles at 2% volatile solids(VS) concentration and various mixing ratios of two substrates(swine manure: food waste = 100 : 0 $\sim$ 0 : 100). Through kinetic mode of surface methodology, the methane production was fitted to a Gompertz equation. The specific methane production potential of swine manure alone was lower than that of food waste. However, maximum methane production potential increased up to 1.09-1.22% as food waste composition increased up to the 80%. The maximum methane production value of food waste was 544.52 mL/g VS. It was observed that the maximum methane production potential of 601.86 mL/g VS was found at the mixing ratio of 40:60.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2013

The effect of organic substance on its degradation rate in burial site was investigated using batch tests. Substrate were swine and cattle with the initial concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g VS(volatile solids)/L, respectively. The highest methane production rates of swine and cattle were found at 2 g VS/L as 46.3 and 48.4 ml CH4/g VS.d, respectively. As substrate concentration increased, the methane production rate decreased. The inhibition constants were n and m that were estimated using nonlinear inhibition model. The values of n and m were inhibition constants of methane production rate and ultimate methane yield, respectively. The values of n and m were 4.9 and 0.6 on swine and 1.1 and 0.4 on cattle. The methane production rate was responded sensitively by increase and decrease of substrate concentration, whereas ultimate methane yield do not relatively. From a relation between n and m, inhibitory effect of substrate concentration was confirmed as uncompetitive inhibition.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 1990

The electrochemical oxidation behavior of p-cresol on platinum anode had been investigated by cyclic voltammetric method for the variation of concentration, scan rate of potential, temperature and pH of electrolyte. The oxidation potential of p-cresol was dependent on the electrolyte until the pH=11.5, but in basic solution over its, it was held at o.40V(vs. SCE). A diffusion was rate determining step of oxidation as irreversible reaction by the transfer atone electron. The current of peak was proportional to concentration of p-cresol until the 0.1N and optimum concentration was found to be about 0.1N. The activation energy was calculated for 5.8kcal/mol from the plot of log $I_l$ vs. 1/T.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2018

This experiment was conducted to analyse the effects of flavone supplementation on the preimplantation development of in-vitro produced porcine embryos. During in-vitro development, immature oocytes and early embryos were exposed to different concentrations of flavone (0, $1{\mu}M$, $25{\mu}M$, $50{\mu}M$, and $100{\mu}M$ respectively). Results showed that $100{\mu}M$ of flavone significantly reduced the intracellular ROS levels of oocytes accompanied with a significant rise in GSH level. In parthenogenesis, no significant change was observed in the cleavage rates whether flavone was supplemented in IVM or IVC media. In IVM supplemented group, the blastocyst development rate was significantly enhanced by $1{\mu}M$ concentration than other groups (51.5% vs. 41.3%, 44.0%, 36.3%, 31.7%; P<0.05) respectively. However, in IVC group $1{\mu}M$ concentration significantly improved the blastocysts production than $50{\mu}M$ and control groups (50.0% vs. 40.5%, 38.0%; P<0.05) respectively. Following nuclear transfer, the cleavage rate of IVM group was significantly more in $1{\mu}M$ than $50{\mu}M$ and $100{\mu}M$ groups (92.9% vs. 89.7%, 87.8%; P<0.05), followed by similar pattern of cloned blastocysts production being significantly higher in $1{\mu}M$ group than $50{\mu}M$, $100{\mu}M$ and control groups (16.8% vs. 9.0%, 7.1%, 12.8%; P<0.05) respectively. In IVC group, $1{\mu}M$ concentration resulted in significantly higher cleavage rate than $25{\mu}M$ and $50{\mu}M$ groups (91.7% vs. 87.8%, 88.8%; P<0.05) respectively. However, the blastocysts production was significantly higher in $100{\mu}M$ group than others (26.2% vs. 13.6%, 14.0%, 18.2%; P<0.05) respectively. The optimal concentrations of flavone significantly enhanced the percentages of ICM:TE than control group (43.8% vs. 37.6%; P<0.05) accompanied with significantly higher expression levels of reprogramming related genes. In conclusion, the optimal concentrations of $1{\mu}M$ during IVM and $100{\mu}M$ during IVC can significantly improve the production of porcine in-vitro embryos.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 2019

The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryobanking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 10⁶ cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN₂) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 10⁶ cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 10⁶ cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.