• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.296-306
• /
• 2014

There is growing evidence that crosstalk between mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells and stromal microenvironments, such as bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues, promotes tumor progression by enhancing survival and growth as well as drug resistance of MCL cells. Recent advances in the understanding of lymphoma microenvironment have led to the identification of crucial factors involved in the crosstalk and subsequent generation of their targeted agents. In the present study, we evaluated the combinatory effect of blocking antibodies (Ab) targeting CXCR4 and VLA-4, both of which were known to play significant roles in the induction of environment-mediated drug resistance (EMDR) in MCL cell line, Jeko-1. Simultaneous treatment with anti-CXCR4 and anti-VLA-4 Ab not only reduced the migration of Jeko-1 cells into the protective stromal cells, but also enhanced sensitivity of Jeko-1 to a chemotherapeutic agent to a greater degree than with either Ab alone. These combinatorial effects were associated with decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT and NF-${\kappa}B$. Importantly, drug resistance could not be overcome once the adhesion of Jeko-1 to the stromal occurred despite the combined use of Abs, suggesting that the efforts to mitigate migration of MCLs should be attempted as much as possible. Our results provide a basis for a future development of therapeutic strategies targeting both CXCR4 and VLA-4, such as Ab combinations or bispecific antibodies, to improve treatment outcomes of MCL with grave prognosis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.1931-1936
• /
• 2010

Discovery and isolation of compounds capable of blocking the interactions between VCAM-1 and VLA-4, a major pair of adhesion molecules contributing to the different steps of leukocyte migration across the endothelium in inflammatory responses, has been a major goal of this lab. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, five saikosaponins were subsequently isolated from the methanol extracts of the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis ($^1H-$, $^{13}C$-NMR and 2D-NMR), as follows, saikosaponins: A (1); D (2); C (3); B3 (4); B4 (5). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited interaction of sVCAM-1 and VLA-4 of THP-1 cells with respective $IC_{50}$ values of 7.8 and 1.7 ${\mu}M$. The aglycone structure of 2 also showed cell adhesion inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 21.1 ${\mu}M$. With these results, we suspect these two saikosaponins from the Bupleurum falcatum L. roots to be prime candidates for therapeutic strategies towards inflammation.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2019

Hematopoiesis has a pivotal role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. Ironically, several hematological disorder caused by chemicals, drugs, and other environmental factors lead to severe bone marrow failure. Current treatments like stem cell transplantation and immunosuppression remain ineffective to ameliorate this diseases. Therefore, a newtreatment to overcome this entity is necessary, one of them by promoting the usage of medicinal plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the hematopoiesis potency of S. javanica berries and leaves extracts in chloramphenicol (CMP)-induced aplastic anemia mice model. In this present study, several types of blood progenitor cell such as $TER-119^+VLA-4^+$ erythrocytes lineage, $Gr-1^+$ granulocytes, and $B220^+$ B-cell progenitor cells were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Accordingly, we revealed that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts significantly promoted $TER-119^+VLA-4^+$ erythrocytes lineage and $Gr-1^+$ granulocytes after exposed by CMP. Thus, these results suggested that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts might have hematopoiesis activity in CMP-induced aplastic anemia mice model.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2014

손실회피에 대한 연구는 많은 진보가 있었다. 특히 Brenner et al. (2007)은 소유손실회피 (possession loss aversion: PLA)와 유인가손실회피 (valence loss aversion: VLA)의 상황을 구분하면서 현금과 현물 (돈, 부동산)에 대한 손실 (PLA)과 잠재적으로 획득할 가치 (해외연수, 쿠폰)에 대한 손실 (VLA)에 대한 사람들의 반응이 어떻게 다른지 관찰하였다. 그러나 일상생활에서 소유와 유인가의 득과 실이 명확하게 구분되는 경우는 드물고, 대부분 소유와 유인가의 득과 실 사이에 일장일단이 있어, 결국 사람들이 평소 가지고 있는 사고방식이나 주의의 초점이 의사결정에 반영되는 경우가 더 많다. 따라서 본 연구는 사람들이 평소 어디에 주의를 기울이는지에 따라 손실회피의 반응이 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보고자 했다. 구체적으로 자기초점을 촉진초점 또는 예방초점으로 점화한 후, 이직결정상황에서 소유와 유인가의 득실이 경쟁 (연봉증가 해외연수기간감소: P+V-, 연봉감소 해외연수기간 증가: P-V+)할 때, 이직할 것인지 여부를 결정하는 과제를 수행하였다. 결과적으로 촉진초점의 경우 소유인지 유인가 인지에 관계없이 잠정적으로 얻게 될 이익 (+)에 주의를 기울인 결과 이직하겠다는 응답이 증가한 반면, 예방초점의 경우 잠정적으로 감수할 손실 (-)에 주의를 기울인 결과 현재 회사에 머물겠다는 응답이 증가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 소비자 및 광고심리와 마케팅분야에 폭넓은 시사점을 가진다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.74.1-74.1
• /
• 2012

We observed the radio sources found from the First Look Survey (FLS) field at the 1.4 GHz radio continuum emission with the Very Large Array (VLA) using the A configuration. We identify point sources and multi component sources at ${\geq}4{\sigma}$ level. We also present the submillimeter properties of the selected radio sources in the FLS field from the Herschel/SPIRE 250/350/500/${\mu}m$ and AzTEC 1.1mm surveys. The counterparts of the radio sources at submillimeter for these called 'submillimeter galaxies (SMGs)' are detected at infrared wavelength with the Spitzer MIPS 24 & 70 ${\mu}m$ sources. Based on the MMT/HECTOSPEC red-shift survey, IRS spectroscopy, and SDSS photometric red-shift survey, the radio sources are likely to be the extragalactic sources. Here, we use the star formation rate (SFR) derived from the MIPS 24 and 70 ${\mu}m$ luminosity to compare the measured SFR from the VLA 1.4 GHz luminosity. These results show that a tight correlation between the SFR from the radio luminosity and the MIPS $24{\mu}m$ rather than that from the MIPS $70{\mu}m$ luminosity. Radio and IR correlation is also used to indicate the radio and IR properties of star-formation in the galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using the counterpart sources selected at IR and radio wavelengths, we employ the IR/radio flux ratios to determine the properties and population of the selected galaxies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 1990

4, 5-Diphenyl-2-mercaptiomidazole (I) was reacted with hydraziodyl halides IIa-d togive the S-alkyl derivatives III-a-d. Cyclization of IIIa-d afforded imidazo[2, 1-b]-thiazole derivatives Vla, b and VII. Treatment of 1 with a-chloroethylacetoaccetate (IV) gave ethyl 2(4, 5-diphenyl-2-imidazolinylthio)-3-keto-butyrate (V). Compound V coupled with benzendiazonium chloride to give the corresponding phenylhydrazo compound IIId. On heating V with polyphosphoric acid, cyclization took place and 2-acetyl-5, 6-diphenyl-imidazo [2, 1-b] thiazol-3-one (VIII) was obtained. The compound VIII was condensed with aromatic aldehydes to yield the cinnamoyl derivatives 1Xa, b. The antimicrobial activities of compounds IIIa-d, V, VIa, VII were examined.

• 천문학논총
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.339-341
• /
• 2012

It is a long known fact that there exists a tight correlation between far-infrared and radio emission both for galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei and for star forming galaxies. We probe the radio - infrared correlation for a sample of extragalactic sources constructed by the cross-correlation of the AKARI/IRC All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalogue, the AKARI/FIS All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue, and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey. Additionally, all objects of our sample were identified as galaxies in NED and SIMBAD databases, and a part of them is known to host active galactic nuclei (AGNs). After remeasuring all the fluxes, in order to avoid small aperture effects, we compare the ratio of radio to infrared emission from different types of extragalactic sources, and discuss the FIR/radio correlation as seen by AKARI and make a comparison to the previous results obtained thanks to IRAS.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.127-129
• /
• 2007

It is well known that water vapor maser emission at 22.2 GHz is associated with the earliest stages of both low- and high-mass star formation and it can be considered a reliable diagnostic of their evolutionary state. Bright Rimmed Clouds (BRCs) are clouds that have been compressed by an external ionization-shock front which focuses the neutral gas into compact globules. The boundary layer between the neutral gas and the gas ionized by the incident photons is often called "bright rim" but the clumps are sometimes classified also as speck globules or cometary globules depending on their appearance. Small globules with bright rims have been considered to be potential sites of star formation and have been studied in several individual regions. We present results from high resolution VLA observations searching for new candidates of recent star formation in bright-rimmed clouds/globules associated with IRAS point sources.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.35.2-35.2
• /
• 2020

Submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) have played an important role in the understanding of galaxy evolution and cosmic star formation history at high redshift because they are known as being located at z ~ 2 and harbor a vigorous star formation. Therefore studying properties of SMGs can lead us to understand evolution of massive and actively star forming galaxies and distribution of cosmic star formation density. Recently we detected 548 SMGs near North Ecliptic Pole with JCMT/SCUBA-2 from the JCMT large program covering about 2 deg2 so far. To derive their physical parameters, we compiled a multi-wavelength photometry ranging from optical (0.3 ㎛) to submillimeter (850 ㎛) by cross-identifying counterparts at different wavelengths. In order to find counterparts, we used either VLA-1.4 GHz image and/or Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 ㎛, 4.5 ㎛ image. The number of SMGs with relatively robust counterparts is 349. In this talk, we present photometric redshifts, stellar mass, star formation rates, total infrared luminosity, and AGN fraction of these 349 SMGs derived through SED fitting analysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.823-830
• /
• 1995

연구배경: 결핵감염시 세포매개성 면역반응이 관여하여 말초혈액내 조력 T 세포가 감소하는 것으로 알려저왔다. 그러나 말초혈액내 표지물질을 가진 세포의 수적 감소가 세포매개성 면연반응의 저하라고 할 수있지 여부가 앞으로 해결해야 될 문제인 것으로 지적되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 폐결핵 환자들의 말초혈액에서 활성화된, 또는 활성화 되고 있은 세포의 수적변화를 관찰하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 객담 결핵균 양성인 폐결핵 환자 22명을 대상으로 말초혈액에서 IL-2R, VLA-1, TLiSAI의 활성화 표지에 대한 단세포군 항체를 면역조직 화학법으로 측정하였다. 결과: 1) 폐결핵 환자의 말포혈액에서 $T_1$(+) 세포 및 그 아형들의 단위 부피당 절대수는 $T_4$(+) 세포는 유의하게 감소하였고 $T_8$(+) 세포는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 2) 폐결핵 환자에서 전체 T임파구의 비율은 감소되어 있으며 $T_4$(+) 세포, $T_8$(+) 세포비율은 각각 유의하게 감소, 증가하였다. 또한 $T_4(+)/T_8(+)$ 비율도 유의한 감소가 있었다(p<0.05). 3) 폐결핵 환자에서 activated T cell의 단위 부피당 절대수는 대조군에 비해 모두 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<0.05). 4) 폐결핵 환자에서 activated T cell 비율은, IL-2R, VLA-1, TLiSAI, 각각 6.45+1.56%, 7.64+1.34%, 10.45+1.16%로 모두 대조군에 비해 모두 유의한 증가를 보이며 특히 TLiSAI 항체가 가장 많이 관찰 되었다. 결론: 폐결핵 감염시 말초혈액 임파구의 일부만이 활성화되어 세포매개성 면역반응에 참여하는 것으로 사료된다.