• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.296-306
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• 2014

There is growing evidence that crosstalk between mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells and stromal microenvironments, such as bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues, promotes tumor progression by enhancing survival and growth as well as drug resistance of MCL cells. Recent advances in the understanding of lymphoma microenvironment have led to the identification of crucial factors involved in the crosstalk and subsequent generation of their targeted agents. In the present study, we evaluated the combinatory effect of blocking antibodies (Ab) targeting CXCR4 and VLA-4, both of which were known to play significant roles in the induction of environment-mediated drug resistance (EMDR) in MCL cell line, Jeko-1. Simultaneous treatment with anti-CXCR4 and anti-VLA-4 Ab not only reduced the migration of Jeko-1 cells into the protective stromal cells, but also enhanced sensitivity of Jeko-1 to a chemotherapeutic agent to a greater degree than with either Ab alone. These combinatorial effects were associated with decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT and NF-${\kappa}B$. Importantly, drug resistance could not be overcome once the adhesion of Jeko-1 to the stromal occurred despite the combined use of Abs, suggesting that the efforts to mitigate migration of MCLs should be attempted as much as possible. Our results provide a basis for a future development of therapeutic strategies targeting both CXCR4 and VLA-4, such as Ab combinations or bispecific antibodies, to improve treatment outcomes of MCL with grave prognosis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1931-1936
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• 2010

Discovery and isolation of compounds capable of blocking the interactions between VCAM-1 and VLA-4, a major pair of adhesion molecules contributing to the different steps of leukocyte migration across the endothelium in inflammatory responses, has been a major goal of this lab. Through bioactivity-guided fractionation, five saikosaponins were subsequently isolated from the methanol extracts of the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis ($^1H-$, $^{13}C$-NMR and 2D-NMR), as follows, saikosaponins: A (1); D (2); C (3); B3 (4); B4 (5). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited interaction of sVCAM-1 and VLA-4 of THP-1 cells with respective $IC_{50}$ values of 7.8 and 1.7 ${\mu}M$. The aglycone structure of 2 also showed cell adhesion inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 21.1 ${\mu}M$. With these results, we suspect these two saikosaponins from the Bupleurum falcatum L. roots to be prime candidates for therapeutic strategies towards inflammation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2019

Hematopoiesis has a pivotal role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. Ironically, several hematological disorder caused by chemicals, drugs, and other environmental factors lead to severe bone marrow failure. Current treatments like stem cell transplantation and immunosuppression remain ineffective to ameliorate this diseases. Therefore, a newtreatment to overcome this entity is necessary, one of them by promoting the usage of medicinal plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the hematopoiesis potency of S. javanica berries and leaves extracts in chloramphenicol (CMP)-induced aplastic anemia mice model. In this present study, several types of blood progenitor cell such as $TER-119^+VLA-4^+$ erythrocytes lineage, $Gr-1^+$ granulocytes, and $B220^+$ B-cell progenitor cells were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Accordingly, we revealed that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts significantly promoted $TER-119^+VLA-4^+$ erythrocytes lineage and $Gr-1^+$ granulocytes after exposed by CMP. Thus, these results suggested that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts might have hematopoiesis activity in CMP-induced aplastic anemia mice model.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

The study of loss aversion has progressed. Specifically, Brenner et al. (2007) distinguished between possession loss aversion (PLA) and valence loss aversion (VLA) and explained PLA is the loss of cash or spot goods (money, apartment) and that VLA is the loss of tentative value (opportunity of oversea study, coupon). Also, they explored how the tendency of loss aversion was different between when possession loss was salience and when valence loss was outstanding. But, in our everyday life, it is more common that people face some economic situation where the gain and loss between possession and valence are competing. And, in this situation, they usually choose a better option based on their ordinary mind-set or self-focus rather than on which option has more benefit. Therefore, present research is that whether the tendency of loss aversion is different based on one's ordinary self-focus. Concretely, after priming promotion focus vs. prevention focus, participants should decide whether present occupation changes or not when gain and loss between possession and valence compete (income increase but oversea study chance decrease or income decrease but oversea study chance increase). As a result, there are more rate of changing job in promotion focusing condition than prevention focusing condition based on positive change irrespective of possession or valence. This result can have implication for marketing, consumer and advertisement psychology.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.74.1-74.1
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• 2012

We observed the radio sources found from the First Look Survey (FLS) field at the 1.4 GHz radio continuum emission with the Very Large Array (VLA) using the A configuration. We identify point sources and multi component sources at ${\geq}4{\sigma}$ level. We also present the submillimeter properties of the selected radio sources in the FLS field from the Herschel/SPIRE 250/350/500/${\mu}m$ and AzTEC 1.1mm surveys. The counterparts of the radio sources at submillimeter for these called 'submillimeter galaxies (SMGs)' are detected at infrared wavelength with the Spitzer MIPS 24 & 70 ${\mu}m$ sources. Based on the MMT/HECTOSPEC red-shift survey, IRS spectroscopy, and SDSS photometric red-shift survey, the radio sources are likely to be the extragalactic sources. Here, we use the star formation rate (SFR) derived from the MIPS 24 and 70 ${\mu}m$ luminosity to compare the measured SFR from the VLA 1.4 GHz luminosity. These results show that a tight correlation between the SFR from the radio luminosity and the MIPS $24{\mu}m$ rather than that from the MIPS $70{\mu}m$ luminosity. Radio and IR correlation is also used to indicate the radio and IR properties of star-formation in the galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using the counterpart sources selected at IR and radio wavelengths, we employ the IR/radio flux ratios to determine the properties and population of the selected galaxies.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1990

4, 5-Diphenyl-2-mercaptiomidazole (I) was reacted with hydraziodyl halides IIa-d togive the S-alkyl derivatives III-a-d. Cyclization of IIIa-d afforded imidazo[2, 1-b]-thiazole derivatives Vla, b and VII. Treatment of 1 with a-chloroethylacetoaccetate (IV) gave ethyl 2(4, 5-diphenyl-2-imidazolinylthio)-3-keto-butyrate (V). Compound V coupled with benzendiazonium chloride to give the corresponding phenylhydrazo compound IIId. On heating V with polyphosphoric acid, cyclization took place and 2-acetyl-5, 6-diphenyl-imidazo [2, 1-b] thiazol-3-one (VIII) was obtained. The compound VIII was condensed with aromatic aldehydes to yield the cinnamoyl derivatives 1Xa, b. The antimicrobial activities of compounds IIIa-d, V, VIa, VII were examined.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.339-341
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• 2012

It is a long known fact that there exists a tight correlation between far-infrared and radio emission both for galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei and for star forming galaxies. We probe the radio - infrared correlation for a sample of extragalactic sources constructed by the cross-correlation of the AKARI/IRC All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalogue, the AKARI/FIS All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue, and the NRAO VLA Sky Survey. Additionally, all objects of our sample were identified as galaxies in NED and SIMBAD databases, and a part of them is known to host active galactic nuclei (AGNs). After remeasuring all the fluxes, in order to avoid small aperture effects, we compare the ratio of radio to infrared emission from different types of extragalactic sources, and discuss the FIR/radio correlation as seen by AKARI and make a comparison to the previous results obtained thanks to IRAS.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.127-129
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• 2007

It is well known that water vapor maser emission at 22.2 GHz is associated with the earliest stages of both low- and high-mass star formation and it can be considered a reliable diagnostic of their evolutionary state. Bright Rimmed Clouds (BRCs) are clouds that have been compressed by an external ionization-shock front which focuses the neutral gas into compact globules. The boundary layer between the neutral gas and the gas ionized by the incident photons is often called "bright rim" but the clumps are sometimes classified also as speck globules or cometary globules depending on their appearance. Small globules with bright rims have been considered to be potential sites of star formation and have been studied in several individual regions. We present results from high resolution VLA observations searching for new candidates of recent star formation in bright-rimmed clouds/globules associated with IRAS point sources.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2020

Submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) have played an important role in the understanding of galaxy evolution and cosmic star formation history at high redshift because they are known as being located at z ~ 2 and harbor a vigorous star formation. Therefore studying properties of SMGs can lead us to understand evolution of massive and actively star forming galaxies and distribution of cosmic star formation density. Recently we detected 548 SMGs near North Ecliptic Pole with JCMT/SCUBA-2 from the JCMT large program covering about 2 deg2 so far. To derive their physical parameters, we compiled a multi-wavelength photometry ranging from optical (0.3 ㎛) to submillimeter (850 ㎛) by cross-identifying counterparts at different wavelengths. In order to find counterparts, we used either VLA-1.4 GHz image and/or Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 ㎛, 4.5 ㎛ image. The number of SMGs with relatively robust counterparts is 349. In this talk, we present photometric redshifts, stellar mass, star formation rates, total infrared luminosity, and AGN fraction of these 349 SMGs derived through SED fitting analysis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.823-830
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• 1995

Background: It has been found that Helper T cells in the peripheral blood are decreased in the cell mediated immunity in the pulmonary tuberculosis. But it has not been confirmed yet that only decrease in number of cells which has phenotype in the peripheral blood is defined to decrease in cell mediated immunity. The immunocytochemical study was performed to observe the change of the percentage of T-lymphocytes with their subsets and activated T cells in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis and to know how many T cells would be activated, relative to resting cells in the peripheral blood. Methods: The peripheral blood obtained from twenty two patients and ten healthy controls were smeared on the gelatin coated slide glass prepared for of mononuclear cells. The double bridge technique of alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase(APAAP) method was used. As the primary antibodies, $T_1$(anti-human T cell), $T_4$(anti-human helper/inducer T cells) and $T_8$(anti-human supressor/cytotoxic T cell) antibodies and interleukin-2 receptor (for early activated T cell), very late activation antigen (for activated cytotoxic T cell), T cell lineage specific activation antigen monoclonal actibodies were used. Results: 1) There were significantly decrease in the absolute number of $T_4$(+) cells but significantly increase of $T_8$(+) cells in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis (p<0.05). 2) The percentage of $T_4$(+) cells showed significantly decrease in pulmonary tuberculosis but $T_8$(+)cells significantly increase(p<0.05). $T_4(+)/T_8(+)$ ratio showed significantly decrease in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). 3) There were significantly increase in the absolute number of variable stages of activated T cells in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). 4) The percentage of IL-2R, VLA-1, TLiSA were 6.45+1.56%, $7.64+1.34^*$, 10.45+1.16% in order which showed significantly increase in the peripheral blood of the pulmonary tuberculosis(p<0.05). Conclusion: We speculate that only a few percentage of T lymphocyte is activated in cell mediated immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis.