• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.9-12
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• 2003

This paper describes a newly developed simulation environment for analysis and design of a plasma processing chamber based on first principles including complicated physical and chemical interactions of plasma, fluid dynamics of neutrals, and transport phenomena of particles. Capabilities of our simulator, named VIP-SEPCAD (Virtual Integrated Prototyping Simulation Environment for Plasma Chamber Analysis and Design), are demonstrated through a two dimensional simulation of an oxygen plasma chamber. VIP-SEPCAD can provide plasma properties such as spatiotemporal profiles of plasma density and potential, electron temperature, ion flux and energy, etc. By coupling neutral and particle transport models with a three moment plasma model, VIP-SEPCAD can also predict spatiotemporal profiles of chemically reactive species and particles exist in plasma.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.121-121
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.122-122
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.217-217
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• 1996

The putative role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter has been studied in rabbit corpus cavernosum. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine the short and prolonged electrical field stimulation (EFS, 2～16 ㎐) induced a frequency-dependent relaxation which was abolished by tetrodotoxin (0.3 ${\mu}$M), a nerve conductance blocker. The neurogenic relaxant reponses were not affected in the presence of VIP-inactivating peptidase, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin (2 units/$m\ell$), whereas VIP-induced relaxation were completely abolished. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by N$\^$G/-nitro-L-arginine (10～100 ${\mu}$M) caused concentration-dependent inhibition to the neurogenic relaxant responses and at 100 ${\mu}$M the relaxations were virtually abolished. In contrast NO (3～30 ${\mu}$M) and VIP (0.001～l ${\mu}$M)-induced relaxation were unaffected. The inhibitory effect of L-NNA was reversed in the presence of L-arginine (5 mM), the precursor of the NO biosynthesis. Hemog1obin (20～60 ${\mu}$M), sequestering NO in the extracellular space, abolished the NO-evoked relaxation and also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition to the neurogenic relaxation. These observation indicate that NANC relaxation induced by prolonged EFS of rabbit corpus cavernosum is also mediated mainly by nitric oxide as same as that of short EFS, and suggest that VIP is not involved in NANC relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum and NO would not be produced by VIP in this tissue.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 1994

VIP는 유동장을 영상기록매체에 기록하여 보존 및 재생이 가능함으로서 유동장의 재현성문제를 쉽게 해결할 수 있는 장점을 아울러 가지고 있다. 따라서, VIP는 비정상, 동시다점 계측 및 유 동장의 재현성확보가 원리적으로 가능함으로서 CFD에 필적할 수 있는 유일한 실험기법으로 평 가되고 있다. 본 해설에서는 이에 관한 내용을 개설적으로 정리하고자 하며, 상세한 것은 참고 문헌을 인용하기로 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.98
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• pp.661-670
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• 2005

In this paper, the microstrip $90^{\circ}$ hybrid to provide -3dB coupling and $90^{\circ}$ phase difference at broadband frequency range of 2 to 6 GHz is designed. This proposed hybrid is composed of 3-section. The two outside section are realized by symmetrical edge coupled lines, but on the other hand the middle section consists of VIP(Vertically Installed Planar) circuit. The ground part of VIP circuit is partially removed to get tight coupling, particularly. This hybrid is easy to realize due to microstrip structure and has good holing flexibility by taking advantage of VIP circuit as a control point of optimization. The proposed hybrid provide satisfactory performance as compared with simplicity of structure and fabrication first of all.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.63-74
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature on casino services by investigating critical service failures using the critical incident technique (CIT) and provide effective recovery strategies that can be adopted in practice. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from Asian casinos' HNI customers in China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. This is the first study that has investigated VIP casino customers in leading Asian countries. The research used the critical incident technique (CIT) collect and a total of 227 incidents were analyzed. Results - The results show that three main categories and eleven subcategories are deduced. The first group concerns casino service system failures. The second group relates to service providers' responses to VIP customer complaints. The last group covers employees' attitudes and behavior toward customers. Conclusions - First, the most serious service problem in casinos was the service providers' attitudes rather than the service system failures. Second, Tangible recovery strategies such as "all pay" and "additional comps" were proven to enhance a casino's image and lower customers' intentions to switch. Customers, however, preferred intangible recovery strategies such as considerate responses, reliable problem management, sincere apologies, and accurate explanations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.391-402
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to describe the decision making experience of VIP ward nurses in the clinical practice adjustment process. The research question was about "how nurses adjust their clinical practice to nursing situations and develop decision making process in a VIP ward." Method: The methodology of collecting and analyzing the data was based on the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin(1998). The data was collected through in-depth interviews with 10 nurses from July to November, 2007. Results: The core category of nursing care decision making process was named as "adjusting with flexibility and deepened insight." The clinical practice adjustment process in nursing care decision making has progressed through four preceding interlocking phases: 1) dependent phase, 2) defensive phase, 3) independent phase, 4) integrative phase. These phases were classified by the level of nurses' dependency, proactivity, presupposition and integration. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that nurse's decision making depended on their experiences and the nature of social context in which nursing occurs. Therefore, it is important to elaborate an effective training program for nurses to develop the phases of nursing care decision making.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.891-900
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• 2000

A Visual development framework for embedded system is presented based on virtual prototyping. Embedded systems often are used in life critical situation, where reliability is very important. Time_to_market, correctness, user_friendly_design are another features required for embedded system design. However, embedded systems are today designed with an ad hoc approach that is heavily based on earlier experience with similar products. We believe that new design paradigm is needed and it should be based on the use of formal model and visual system to describe the behavior of the system at a high level abstraction. Virtual prototyping has all the required features. It has the following advantages; correct design, clear interface definition, idea experimentation, increased communication. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of VIP/Sim(Virtual Prototyping Simulator), a visionary development framework for embedded system design. New feature such as state polymorphism is augmented to the de_facto standard formal language, statechart, for enhanced dynamic modeling. Actual design experience with VIP/Sim is also discussed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.370-380
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• 1997

The role of nitric oxide (NO) on the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxations induced by the short and prolonged electrical field stimulation (EFS) has been studied in the rabbit corpus cavernosum. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine the prolonged EFS (2-16 Hz) of corpus cavernosal strips precontracted with phenylephrine produced frequency-dependent relaxations, which were abolished by tetrodotoxin as shown in the relaxations induced gy the short EFS, indicating that their orgin is NANC nerve stimulation. $N^G$-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), inhibitor of nitirc oxide synthase, caused a concentration-dependent inhibition to the NANC relaxation, and at 100 M L-NNA the relaxation were virtually abolished. The inhibitory effect of L-NNA was reversed by L-arginine. Hemoglobin abolished the relaxations to NO and also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the NANC relaxation. The hemoglobin-resistant relaxation induced by EFS was eliminated by L-NNA. Methylene blue significantly reduced the NANC relaxation in a conentration-dependent manner. The NANC relaxation was not affected by a VIP-inactivating pepridase, alpha0chymotrypsin, whereas VIP-induced relaxation was completely abolished. NO- and VIP-induced relaxation were not affected by L-NNA. These results indicate that the NANC relaxation induced by prolonged EFS of the rabbit corpus cavernosum is mediated by NO-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate pathway as shown in the relaxation induced by the short EFS, and that VIP release is not essential for the NANC relaxation of the rabbit corpus cavernosum and VIP is not involved the generation fo NO.