• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2000

In world trade, the vessel traffic in major routes has been congested due to the rapid increase of cargoes and shipping tonnages. The patterns of vessel traffic have also been complicated and diversified. Therefore it was necessary that the Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) should be established in order to enhance the safety of navigation, to prevent the loss of life and damage to the environment. The first advanced radar surveillance system(LevelIII-VTS) was introduced in Pohang, Korea in 1993 and in 13 other ports later. While the hardware of Korea VTS is equal to that of an advanced country, the software, specially the operation manual, the recruitment and education of VTS operator, and the VTS service area is behind that of Russia, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore and others. After researching and investigating. the VTS equipment and service area of many countries, and analyzing the IMO regulations relevant to VTS and the traffic pattern and accident of Pohang port, the most efficient VTS service area should be established in Pohang. According to the analysis of the preceding studies and research on VTS, the worldwide VTS areas are recognized under the following conditions: First, the service area should be extended over at least radar coverage taking into account of traffic flow, traffic density, the degree of danger to navigation and harbour condition in order to provide all possible services. Second, the established service area should be subdivided and systematized to render reliable VTS services, such as the allocation of VHF frequency and reporting procedure in each area. In conclusion, the VTS service area of Pohang must be established and operated over 10 miles from shore(radar site) covering the radar coverage, so as to include the area of traffic congestion and high density traffic flow.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

Non-specular, vertically upward transit, fast-moving radar echoes are observed in the summer polar upper mesosphere near 90 km using 52 MHz VHF radar at Esrange, Sweden. By resolving maximum echo power movement, the unusual meteor trails propagate vertically upward with taking horizontal displacements at an initial speed of 10 km/s exponentially decreasing with increasing height from 85-89 km, lasting for 3.5 sec. Another upward transit is observed as following a downward transit echo target in about ~1 sec, lasting over 5 sec. The upward motion cannot be explained with the dynamics of penetrating meteors or by atmospheric dynamics. The observation proposes that secondary produced plasma jets occurring from meteor trail are possibly responsible for upward fast moving echoes. The long-lasting (3-5 sec), ascending meteor trails at speeds of a few $10^4m/s$ are distinctive from any previous occurrences of meteors or upper atmospheric electrical discharges in the aspect of long-lasting upward/downward motions. This result possibly suggests a new type of meteor-trail leader discharge occurring in the summer polar upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.564-581
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• 1999

This paper introduces a new, small, low cost, robust and quick replaceable pavement-based vehicle detector using CW radar, magnetometer, and UHF small antennal techniques. The detector has been developed for a replacement of loop detectors having wide surface areas, for a more accurate operation under all weather conditions, and for no algorithmic change of the existing traffic information system. The detected vehicle information is sent by a small helical antenna embedded in a plastic material and received by a 5/8 $\lambda$ long GP antenna for signal processing. In a relatively good weather condition, the detector operates at 24 GHz. But in a heavy rain condition, magnetometer is activated by automatic switching.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2016

This study analyzed characteristics of officers' watch-keeping during fishing operation at the fisheries training ship KAYA (GT: 1,737 tons, Pukyong National University). It observed fishing works of three officers in wheel house of KAYA. The observations were carried out at the fishing ground 45 miles away from east of Jeju from 7 to 8 January 2010. The works and movements of the officers were recorded with three common video cameras and a 4-channel MPEG-4 Triplex DVR. Recorded data of the working circulation was analyzed by using the post-processing method. As a result of the traffic lines, the average (${\pm}S.D$) of working hour (min) and moving frequency (times), distance (m) and speed (m/min) during setting the net was 11.8 (0.9), 43.7 (8.1), 133.9 (35.8) and 10.5 (0.6), respectively. During trawling the net, it was 100, 241 (39.8), 615.7 (194.6) and 5.2 (1.6), respectively. During hauling the net, it was 17.6 (1.4), 41.0 (7.2), 196.9 (37.6) and 10.7 (0.8), respectively. In addition, it has a different tendency of the instrument usage frequency by the fishing works. During setting, the usage priority was CCTV, ECDIS, RPM and pitch controller, net monitor, GPS plotter, chart room, X-band radar, fish finder and public addressor. During trawling, it was CCTV, ECDIS, fish finder, X-band radar, net monitor, chart room, GPS plotter, RPM and pitch controller, auto pilot and steering, interphone, wind speed and direction indicator, No.1. VHF, navigation light control panel and public addressor. During hauling, it was CCTV, RPM and pitch controller, GPS plotter, public addressor, chart room, net monitor, X-band radar, auto pilot and steering and fish finder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.773-779
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• 2022

Deep-sea fisheries in Korea play an essential role in supplying popular seafood and providing food security. Countries, as well as the IMO (International Maritime Organization), have attempted to establish an internationally harmonized safety standard for fishing vessels. However, starting with the adoption of 'The Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessel 1977', the '2012 Cape Town Agreement' was adopted, but the requirements for enforcement were not met. However, with the 2019 Torremolinos Declaration, the effect of the agreement became visible. Korea is also about to ratify the agreement, and deep-sea fishing vessels are subject to the agreement. The length of the hull or the gross tonnage can be selected as the criteria for applying the 2012 Cape Town Agreement, and this is also partially applied to the existing vessels. Analyzing 188 deep-sea fishing vessels registered as members of the Korea Overseas Fisheries Association to confirm the effect on the existing vessels showed that the application of gross tonnage had little impact on the ratification of the agreement. In addition, laws must be revised for the compulsorization of GMDSS facilities such as two-way VHF and radar transponders and for the safety familiarization of fishermen. In the industry, the facilities required by the agreement must be provided, and the fishermen must be familiarized with safety.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.199-216
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• 2021

In 2020, the solar and space environment division at the Korea Space Science Society surveyed the status of data archives in solar physics, magnetosphere, and ionosphere/upper atmosphere in Korea to promote broader utilization of the data and research collaboration. The survey includes ground- and satellite-based instruments and developing models by research institutes and universities in Korea. Based on the survey results, this study reports the status of the ground-based instruments, data products in the ionosphere and upper atmosphere, and documentation of them. The ground-based instruments operated by the Korea Polar Research Institute and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute include ionosonde, Fabry-Perot interferometer in Arctic Dasan stations, Antarctic King Sejong/Jang Bogo stations, and an all-sky camera, VHF radar in Korea. We also provide information on total electron content and scintillation observations derived from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station networks in Korea. All data are available via the webpage, FTP, or by request. Information on ionospheric data and models is available at http://ksss.or.kr. We hope that this report will increase data accessibility and encourage the research community to engage in the establishment of a new Space Science Data Ecosystem, which supports archiving, searching, analyzing, and sharing the data with diverse communities, including educators, industries, and the public as wells as the research scientist.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

We have developed a data integration system for ground-based space weather facilities in Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). The data integration system is necessary to analyze and use ground-based space weather data efficiently, and consists of a server system and data monitoring systems. The server system consists of servers such as data acquisition server or web server, and storage. The data monitoring systems include data collecting and processing applications and data display monitors. With the data integration system we operate the Space Weather Monitoring Lab (SWML) where real-time space weather data are displayed and our ground-based observing facilities are monitored. We expect that this data integration system will be used for the highly efficient processing and analysis of the current and future space weather data at KASI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.165-176
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• 2009

The process of berthing/deberthing operations for entering/leaving vessels in Busan northern harbor was analyzed and evaluated by using an integrated VTS(vessel traffic service) system installed in the ship training center of Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea. The integrated VTS system used in this study was consisted of ARPA radar, ECDIS(electronic chart display and information system), backup(recording) system, CCTV(closed-circuit television) camera system, gyro-compass, differential GPS receiver, anemometer, AIS(automatic identification system), VHF(very high frequency) communication system, etc. The network of these systems was designed to communicate with each other automatically and to exchange the critical information about the course, speed, position and intended routes of other traffic vessels in the navigational channel and Busan northern harbor. To evaluate quantitatively the overall dynamic situation such as maneuvering motions for target vessel and its tugboats while in transit to and from the berth structure inside a harbor, all traffic information in Busan northern harbor was automatically acquired, displayed, evaluated and recorded. The results obtained in this study suggest that the real-time tracking information of traffic vessels acquired by using an integrated VTS system can be used as a useful reference data in evaluating and analyzing exactly the dynamic situation such as the collision between ship and berth structure, in the process of berthing/deberthing operations for entering/leaving vessels in the confined waters and harbor.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.29.4-30
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• 2010

A VHF meteor radar at King Sejong Station ($162.22^{\circ}S$, $58.78^{\circ}W$), Antarctica has been observing meteors during a period of March 2007-July 2009. We analyzed the height profiles of the observed meteor decay times between 70 and 95 km by classifying strong and weak meteors according to their estimated electron line densities. The height profiles of monthly averaged decay times show a peak whose altitude varies with season in the range of 80~85 km: higher peak in southern spring and summer than in fall and winter. The higher peak during summer is consistent with colder temperatures that cause faster chemical reactions of electron removal, as effective recombination rates measured by rocket experiments. The height profiles of 15-min averaged decay times show a clear increasing trend with decreasing altitude from 95 km to the peak altitude, especially for weak meteors. This feature for weak meteors is well explained by ambipolar diffusion of meteor trails, allowing one to estimate atmospheric temperatures and pressures, as in previous studies. However, the strong meteors show not only significant scatters but also different slope of the increasing trend from 95 km to the peak altitude. Therefore, atmospheric temperature estimation from meteor decay times should be applied for weak meteors only. In this study, we present the simple model decay times to explain the height profiles of the observed decay times and discuss the additional removal processes of meteor trail electrons through the empirical recombination and by icy particles.