• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2000

In world trade, the vessel traffic in major routes has been congested due to the rapid increase of cargoes and shipping tonnages. The patterns of vessel traffic have also been complicated and diversified. Therefore it was necessary that the Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) should be established in order to enhance the safety of navigation, to prevent the loss of life and damage to the environment. The first advanced radar surveillance system(LevelIII-VTS) was introduced in Pohang, Korea in 1993 and in 13 other ports later. While the hardware of Korea VTS is equal to that of an advanced country, the software, specially the operation manual, the recruitment and education of VTS operator, and the VTS service area is behind that of Russia, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore and others. After researching and investigating. the VTS equipment and service area of many countries, and analyzing the IMO regulations relevant to VTS and the traffic pattern and accident of Pohang port, the most efficient VTS service area should be established in Pohang. According to the analysis of the preceding studies and research on VTS, the worldwide VTS areas are recognized under the following conditions: First, the service area should be extended over at least radar coverage taking into account of traffic flow, traffic density, the degree of danger to navigation and harbour condition in order to provide all possible services. Second, the established service area should be subdivided and systematized to render reliable VTS services, such as the allocation of VHF frequency and reporting procedure in each area. In conclusion, the VTS service area of Pohang must be established and operated over 10 miles from shore(radar site) covering the radar coverage, so as to include the area of traffic congestion and high density traffic flow.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2018

Non-specular, vertically upward transit, fast-moving radar echoes are observed in the summer polar upper mesosphere near 90 km using 52 MHz VHF radar at Esrange, Sweden. By resolving maximum echo power movement, the unusual meteor trails propagate vertically upward with taking horizontal displacements at an initial speed of 10 km/s exponentially decreasing with increasing height from 85-89 km, lasting for 3.5 sec. Another upward transit is observed as following a downward transit echo target in about ~1 sec, lasting over 5 sec. The upward motion cannot be explained with the dynamics of penetrating meteors or by atmospheric dynamics. The observation proposes that secondary produced plasma jets occurring from meteor trail are possibly responsible for upward fast moving echoes. The long-lasting (3-5 sec), ascending meteor trails at speeds of a few $10^4m/s$ are distinctive from any previous occurrences of meteors or upper atmospheric electrical discharges in the aspect of long-lasting upward/downward motions. This result possibly suggests a new type of meteor-trail leader discharge occurring in the summer polar upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.564-581
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 CW 레이다기술, 자계기술, VHF/UHF 안테나를 사용한 적은 비용으로 작고 튼튼하며, 신속한 교체가 가능한 도로 관입형 차량검지기를 소개한다. 기존의 교통정보시스템의 알고리즘을 변화시키지 않고, 모든 환경조건에서 보다 정확히 동착하며 널리 사용되고 있는 루프감지기를 대체할 수 있도록 개발되 어졌다 검지된 차량정보는 물리적으로 강한 유전물질에 삽입된 소형의 헬리컬안테나에서 송출하여 5/8 파장 의 GP 안테나로 받아 제어부로 전송한다. 청명한 날씨에는 24 GHz로 동작하나 많은 비가 올 때는 자동스위치에 의해 자계검지부가 동작한다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2016

This study analyzed characteristics of officers' watch-keeping during fishing operation at the fisheries training ship KAYA (GT: 1,737 tons, Pukyong National University). It observed fishing works of three officers in wheel house of KAYA. The observations were carried out at the fishing ground 45 miles away from east of Jeju from 7 to 8 January 2010. The works and movements of the officers were recorded with three common video cameras and a 4-channel MPEG-4 Triplex DVR. Recorded data of the working circulation was analyzed by using the post-processing method. As a result of the traffic lines, the average (${\pm}S.D$) of working hour (min) and moving frequency (times), distance (m) and speed (m/min) during setting the net was 11.8 (0.9), 43.7 (8.1), 133.9 (35.8) and 10.5 (0.6), respectively. During trawling the net, it was 100, 241 (39.8), 615.7 (194.6) and 5.2 (1.6), respectively. During hauling the net, it was 17.6 (1.4), 41.0 (7.2), 196.9 (37.6) and 10.7 (0.8), respectively. In addition, it has a different tendency of the instrument usage frequency by the fishing works. During setting, the usage priority was CCTV, ECDIS, RPM and pitch controller, net monitor, GPS plotter, chart room, X-band radar, fish finder and public addressor. During trawling, it was CCTV, ECDIS, fish finder, X-band radar, net monitor, chart room, GPS plotter, RPM and pitch controller, auto pilot and steering, interphone, wind speed and direction indicator, No.1. VHF, navigation light control panel and public addressor. During hauling, it was CCTV, RPM and pitch controller, GPS plotter, public addressor, chart room, net monitor, X-band radar, auto pilot and steering and fish finder.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2022

우리나라 원양산업은 대중성 수산물 공급 및 식량안보에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. IMO를 비롯한 각국에서는 어선의 국제적으로 통일된 안전 기준 마련을 위하여 노력하였고, '1977년 어선안전 토레몰리노스 협약' 채택을 시작으로 '2012 케이프 타운 협정' 채택을 하였으나 발효 요건을 충족하지 못하고 있다. 그러나 2019 토레몰리노스 선언으로 협정의 발효가 가시화되었고, 우리나라도 협정 비준을 앞두고 있으며 원양어선이 협정의 적용 대상이 된다. 2012 케이프 타운 협정은 적용 대상 기준을 선체의 길이 또는 총톤수를 선택할 수 있고, 현존선에 대해서도 일부 적용이 된다. 현존선에 대한 영향을 확인하기 위하여 한국원양산업협회 회원으로 등록된 원양어선 188척을 대상으로 분석한 결과 총톤수 적용이 협정 비준에 미치는 영향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Two-way VHF, Radar transponder 등 GMDSS 설비의 강제화 및 선원들의 안전 친숙화 등의 대한 법령 개정이 필요한 것으로 식별되었다. 산업계에서는 협정에서 요구하는 설비의 비치와 어선원의 안전 친숙화가 필요하다.

• 우주기술과 응용
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.199-216
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• 2021

한국우주과학회 태양우주환경분과에서는 국내 우주환경 관측 자료 활용도를 높이고, 분야 간 융합 연구 기회를 모색하기 위해 국내 연구소와 대학에서 활용 중인 태양, 자기권, 전리권/고층대기 자료 현황을 조사하였다. 자료는 관측 방식에 따라 지상과 위성 자료로 분류하였고, 개발 또는 활용 중인 모델 정보도 포함한다. 이 논문에서는 조사 결과를 바탕으로 극지연구소와 한국천문연구원에서 운영하는 전리권/고층대기관측기 현황과 자료 설명 및 활용 방법 등을 소개한다. 극지연구소에서는 남극 장보고과학기지와 세종과학기지, 그리고 북극 다산과학기지에 전천 카메라, 페브리-페로 간섭계, 이오노존데 등을 설치해 운영 중이다. 한국천문연구원은 보현산천문대 전천카메라와 충남 계룡대 VHF(Very High Frequency)/유성 레이더를 운영하고 있으며, 국내 40여 개 GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) 관측소에서 수집한 자료를 사용해 전리권 전자밀도 정보(total electron content)를 산출하고 있다. 또한 보현산천문대와 탐라 KVN천문대에 GNSS 신틸레이션 수신기를 설치해 전리권 교란을 관측하고 있다. 현재 관측 자료들은 웹 페이지나 FTP, 또는 요청을 통해 이용할 수 있다. 이 밖에 논문에 담지 않은 기타 전리권/고층대기 분야 자료 현황은 한국우주과학회 홈페이지에서 다운로드할 수 있다(http://ksss.or.kr/). 이 논문을 통해 우주과학 연구자들이 우주과학 자료에 대한 장기적이고 연속적인 관리의 중요성을 인식하고, 국내에서 생산 중인 자료의 활용도와 신뢰도를 높이는 데 이바지할 수 있길 기대한다. 더불어 국내 관측 자료의 활용을 극대화하기 위한 새로운 데이터 공유 체계에 관한 논의를 시작하는 계기가 되길 바란다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

We have developed a data integration system for ground-based space weather facilities in Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). The data integration system is necessary to analyze and use ground-based space weather data efficiently, and consists of a server system and data monitoring systems. The server system consists of servers such as data acquisition server or web server, and storage. The data monitoring systems include data collecting and processing applications and data display monitors. With the data integration system we operate the Space Weather Monitoring Lab (SWML) where real-time space weather data are displayed and our ground-based observing facilities are monitored. We expect that this data integration system will be used for the highly efficient processing and analysis of the current and future space weather data at KASI.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2009

The process of berthing/deberthing operations for entering/leaving vessels in Busan northern harbor was analyzed and evaluated by using an integrated VTS(vessel traffic service) system installed in the ship training center of Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea. The integrated VTS system used in this study was consisted of ARPA radar, ECDIS(electronic chart display and information system), backup(recording) system, CCTV(closed-circuit television) camera system, gyro-compass, differential GPS receiver, anemometer, AIS(automatic identification system), VHF(very high frequency) communication system, etc. The network of these systems was designed to communicate with each other automatically and to exchange the critical information about the course, speed, position and intended routes of other traffic vessels in the navigational channel and Busan northern harbor. To evaluate quantitatively the overall dynamic situation such as maneuvering motions for target vessel and its tugboats while in transit to and from the berth structure inside a harbor, all traffic information in Busan northern harbor was automatically acquired, displayed, evaluated and recorded. The results obtained in this study suggest that the real-time tracking information of traffic vessels acquired by using an integrated VTS system can be used as a useful reference data in evaluating and analyzing exactly the dynamic situation such as the collision between ship and berth structure, in the process of berthing/deberthing operations for entering/leaving vessels in the confined waters and harbor.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2010년도 한국우주과학회보 제19권1호
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• pp.29.4-30
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• 2010

A VHF meteor radar at King Sejong Station ($162.22^{\circ}S$, $58.78^{\circ}W$), Antarctica has been observing meteors during a period of March 2007-July 2009. We analyzed the height profiles of the observed meteor decay times between 70 and 95 km by classifying strong and weak meteors according to their estimated electron line densities. The height profiles of monthly averaged decay times show a peak whose altitude varies with season in the range of 80~85 km: higher peak in southern spring and summer than in fall and winter. The higher peak during summer is consistent with colder temperatures that cause faster chemical reactions of electron removal, as effective recombination rates measured by rocket experiments. The height profiles of 15-min averaged decay times show a clear increasing trend with decreasing altitude from 95 km to the peak altitude, especially for weak meteors. This feature for weak meteors is well explained by ambipolar diffusion of meteor trails, allowing one to estimate atmospheric temperatures and pressures, as in previous studies. However, the strong meteors show not only significant scatters but also different slope of the increasing trend from 95 km to the peak altitude. Therefore, atmospheric temperature estimation from meteor decay times should be applied for weak meteors only. In this study, we present the simple model decay times to explain the height profiles of the observed decay times and discuss the additional removal processes of meteor trail electrons through the empirical recombination and by icy particles.