• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2014

We present the preliminary results of CO outflow survey toward the 56 Very Low Luminosity Object (VeLLO) candidates at CO J=2-1 and J=3-2 transitions with two radio telescopes of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) and the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE). The survey is aimed to understand the origin of the formation of low-mass stars or substellar objects. The VeLLO is a very faint (${\leq}0.1$ $L_{\odot}$) object deeply embedded in dense molecular clouds and believed to be a proto-brown dwarf which will be a brown dwarf or a faint protostar which has just formed with little mass accretion or which is in quiescent stage of episodic accretion. The candidates were searched for over all nearby ($d{\leq}450$ pc) Gould belt clouds and listed in a new catalogue of the VeLLO candidates by Kim et al. (2014 submitted). To diagnose present status and future fate of the VeLLOs, we conducted a systematic observation for the CO molecular outflows of the 56 VeLLOs to infer how accretion is being made around the VeLLOs. We found 17 VeLLO candidates either having a prominent wing in line profiles or showing bipolar intensity distribution of high velocity components. We will discuss the physical properties of these CO outflows and the identity of the VeLLO candidates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1029-1032
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• 2007

This study enforced function analysis, achievements of ideas and valuations due to VE workshop about " the new construct field of apartment, A-14, Woonjeongjigu, Paju" as the project of a plan VE competition held by the Korea National Housing Corporation, For the results of the research, it was to enforce 163 works of function analysis, 333 items of creating ideas, and 193 achievements of ideas. Besides, VE was proposed about 46 works of increasing values and cost reduction for 103 works and 10,040,000,000 won.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

The objectives of the trial were to investigate the effects of supplementing vitamin E (VE) on nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) retention and plasma parameters of beef cattle in feedlot. Four growing Simmental bulls, fed with a total mixed ration composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture as basal ration, were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of VE product, i.e. 0, 150, 300, 600 mg/head/d (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, 300 IU VE/head/d), were supplemented to the basal ration (VE content 38 IU/kg dry matter) in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design as experimental treatments I, II, III and IV, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, of which the first 12 days were for pretreatment and the last 3 days for sampling. The results showed that supplementing VE did not affect the nutrient digestibility (p>0.05) whereas decreased the urinary N excretion (p<0.01), increased the N retention (p<0.05) and tended to increase the microbial N supply estimated based on the total urinary purine derivatives (p = 0.057). Supplementing VE increased the plasma concentrations of VE, glucose and triglycerol (TG) (p<0.05) and tended to increase the plasma concentration of total protein (p = 0.096) whereas did not affect the plasma antioxidant indices and other parameters (p>0.05). It was concluded that supplementing VE up to 300 IU/head/d did not affect the nutrient digestibility whereas supplementing VE at 150 or 300 IU/head/d increased the N retention and the plasma concentrations of VE and TG (p<0.05) of beef cattle.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

This study is an analysis the function Analysis Patterns for the effective application of VE(Value Engineering) and a presentation of the function analysis methods. 1. The function analysis of VE activities can be summarized 6 patterns as follows ; a generated ideas without function analysis process, a function analysis make use of inspection tools for generated idea, an illogical jump as a using of subjective terms, a using of duplication terms for same functions, a subjective ranking as function definitions for function analysis, and a large classification for a for approaching function definition. 2. In order for the effective function analysis, the process requires as follows; a check level by project advanced, a reclassified main nouns in the order of frequency of use, a main check objects by concepts of importance and satisfaction degree. It is not only good for the effective function analysis, it also induces effective turn out of the FAST Diagram for function arrangement.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.507-512
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• 2008

This study investigated the navigation ability of patients with MCI in Virtual Environments(VE) and on the visual functioning. The participants consisted of elderly adults with/without MCI. Neuropsychological tests(RCFT, BVRT, TMT, and Digit Span), the Groton Maze Learning Test(12trials), and the VE navigation learning task(6 trials) were performed. As a result, there were significant group differences for the RCFT and BVRT, but not for the GMLT. For the VE task, there was a significant difference between the MCI and normal group and no interactions between the groups and trials were found. The VE task was correlated with The RCFT, the BVRT, and the GMLT and omnibus the RCFT and the BVRT accounted for 45% of VE performances. Thus, we concluded that patients with MCI are inferior to VE navigation and visual retention/memory play a role in navigation abilities.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.71-79
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• 2007

It is common that the analysis of VE/LCC is performed in design phase of quay wall structures. The analysis is mainly executed based on experience and engineering sense of expert considering the selection of construction method, construction and maintenance cost. Recently there are increasing demands on the analysis that includes uncertainty and vulnerability of input parameters, for this purpose, fuzzy reliability based probabilistic VE/LCC analysis model for quay wall structures is suggested. In VE/LCC analysis for quay wall structures, the application of probabilistic analysis method give very similar results compare with those of deterministic analysis method. It is anticipated that the methodology proposed in this paper can also be utilized in the design and maintenance phase of other facilities where decision making is made for the probabilistic life cycle cost and value analysis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.98-106
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• 2015

VE aims at reduction in a budget, improvement of function, structural safety and quality security for public construction projects. However, there is possibility for the structural safety and quality security review to be insufficient because related regulations are mostly composed of analysis on economic efficiency of design. In addition, due to the misconception about VE as a cost saving methodology, an alternative is being presented which still focuses mainly on cost saving, but with no objective evaluation of function related to cost. In order to improve this, the government adopted the reduction of life cycle cost and proposal of value improvement, and let people specify the cost and function of the original plan versus the alternative plan, and the value changes between them. However, it is written mainly into practical convenience rather than theoretical basis since a specific way is not suggested. The current method sets a different starting point by applying the attributional difference of function and cost. Furthermore, an evaluation standard for correlating is an important element in rational decision making for assessing and choosing an alternative. This paper analyzes the process and method of function & cost scoring when performing VE and suggests a mathematical normalization model in order to support rational decision making when selecting an optimum plan.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.465-471
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• 2004

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a butanol (BuOH) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) with/without vitamin E (VE) on glycogen, lipid levels and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal, STZ-control, and 3 diabetic experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg) into the tail vein. The BuOH fraction of Ac and VE were administrated orally in rats for 21 days: Ac group (400 mg), Ac-VE group (Ac 400 mg & vitamin E 10 mg) and VE group (10 mg). Liver and muscle glycogen levels decrease in STZ-control group versus normal group and these alteration in glycogen levels were prevented Ac-VE group and VE group. Oral administration of Ac or VE resulted in reduction in liver cholesterol. Liver triglycerides were significantly higher in the VE group than in STZ-control group. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) was increase in STZ-control group compared to normal group, but that of Ac group and Ac-VE group were similar to normal group. Meanwhile MDA in kidney, lung and pancreas were not significantly different among five groups. Ac-VE group increase lung protein that were significantly higher than diabetic control rats. These results suggest that the VE could increase glycogen and triglyceride levels and BuOH fraction of Ac decrease MDA of liver in the diabetic rats. The use of Ac together with VE did not show better control hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.123-130
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• 2006

Recently, Korean government promotes BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) for their public construction project to apply private sector's experience and finance initiatives. Many of public buildings and civil infrastructure projects were planned to be delivered by BTL and it helps to continue public projects under tight budget conditions. Since the characteristics of BTL projects, creative ideas for the project function, performance and its LCC (Life Cycle Cost) become more important than usual public work project. This paper introduces the systematic "VE job Plan" application techniques for BTL project and shows the process. This study shows the application of "VE job Plan" for BTL project to help decision making and value improvement. Also, Project cost was estimated by LCC (Life Cycle Cost) analysis. Technical "FAST diagram"was developed and used to find major functions of the project. So, it helps to improve performance of functions and make creative ideas. FAST diagram also help to find relationships between functions and cost. A case study (Daegu Art Gallery BTL Project) was conducted using proposed "VE job Plan. Study demonstrates how value management helps save money and increase functional performance. Researcher found that project can save cost and improve performance of functions significantly by using appropriate VE analysis process at appropriate time.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2011

In Korea, many mixed-used development projects(MXD) in mega project size are currently active. As these mega projects require long-term construction and execution and involve by different subjects in different fields, their completion breeds various problems, such as conflicts among project participants due to their complicated interest relationships and inaccuracy in predicting the economic performance of the projects due to inappropriate facility capacity planning. To solve these problems, it is essential to apply value engineering (VE) at the planning phase of the project, which can result in the best possible cost reduction and improvement of project performance. However, not many projects are actually implementing VE because of the lack of available information, as well as the limitations due to uncertainty in the early period of project execution. Therefore, this study aimed at proposing VE Team Building, Quality Model Performance Indexes, Space Model so as to resolve common mega project problems and overcome VE application limitations at planning stage. The result of this study is expected that the data can be utilized as basic data to apply VE at the planning phase of the large complex projects.