• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.872-878
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• 1992

Some vanadium(III) complexes have been prepared by the reaction of VCl3${\cdot}$3MeCN with ligands and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopy. 3,5-lutidine(lutd), 8-hydroxyquinoline(oxine), 1,2-phenylenediamine(phda), ethylenediamine(en), and sym-diphenylethylenediamine(dpen) were chosen as coordinating ligands. ${\nu}$(V-Cl) of lutidine complex occurs at 418 $cm^{-1}$ and the other complexes (oxine, phda, en, dpen) occur at 337∼347 $cm^{-1}$. The value of ${\nu}$(V-Cl) indicates that the former complex has trigonal bipyramid structure and the latter complexes have octahedral structure. The ${\nu}$(C${\equiv}$N) of acetonitrile in oxine and phda complexes are characteristically shifted to about 70 $cm^{-1}$ higher frequency compared with that of free ligand (2260 $cm^{-1}$). The ${\delta}$(C${\equiv}$N) is also shifted to about 60 $cm^{-1}$ higher frequency compared with that of free ligand (377 $cm^{-1}$). Finally each vanadium(III) complex showed the following formulation; [$VCl_3(lutd)_2$], [$VCl(oxine)_2$MeCN]$Cl_2$, [$VCl(phda)_2$MeCN]$Cl_2$, [$VCl_2(en)_2$]Cl, [$VCl_2(dpen)_2$]Cl.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.1580-1584
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• 2009

We have theoretically analyzed the monolithic integration of vertical cavity lasers with depleted optical thyristor (VCL-DOT) structure and experimentally demonstrated optical logic gates such as AND-gate, OR-gate, and INVERTER implemented by VCL-DOT for an optical programmable gate array. The optical AND and OR gates have been realized by changing a input bias of the single VCL-DOTs and all kinds of optical logic functions are also implemented by adjusting an intensity of the reference input beams into the differential VCL-DOTs. To achieve the high sensitivity, high slope efficiency and low threshold current, a small active region of lasing part and a wide detecting area are simultaneously designed by using a selective oxidation process. The fabricated devices clearly show nonlinear s-shaped current-voltage characteristics and lasing characteristics of a low threshold current with 0.65 mA and output spectrum at 854 nm.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3437-3445
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• 2016

Background: There is an increasing concern in the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of bone metastasis (BM) secondary to prostate cancer (CaP). In this exploratory study, we hypothesized that the expression of vinculin (VCL) and chemokine X3C ligand 1 (CX3CL1) might be down-regulated in clinical samples, most likely due to the post-transcriptional modification by microRNAs. Targeted genes would be up-regulated upon transfection of the bone metastatic prostate cancer cell line, PC3, with specific microRNA inhibitors. Materials and Methods: MicroRNA software predicted that miR-21 targets VCL while miR-29a targets CX3CL1. Twenty benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 16 high grade CaP formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens were analysed. From the bone scan results, high grade CaP samples were further classified into CaP with no BM and CaP with BM. Transient transfection with respective microRNA inhibitors was done in both RWPE-1 (normal) and PC3 cell lines. QPCR was performed in all FFPE samples and transfected cell lines to measure VCL and CX3CL1 levels. Results: QPCR confirmed that VCL messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly down-regulated while CX3CL1 was up-regulated in all FFPE specimens. Transient transfection with microRNA inhibitors in PC3 cells followed by qPCR of the targeted genes showed that VCL mRNA was significantly upregulated while CX3CL1 mRNA was significantly down-regulated compared to the RWPE-1 case. Conclusions: The down-regulation of VCL in FFPE specimens is most likely regulated by miR-21 based on the in vitro evidence but the exact mechanism of how miR-21 can regulate VCL is unclear. Up-regulated in CaP, CX3CL1 was found not regulated by miR-29a. More microRNA screening is required to understand the regulation of this chemokine in CaP with bone metastasis. Understanding miRNA-mRNA interactions may provide additional knowledge for individualized study of cancers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 2014

This paper introduces reliable multicast MAC protocol for cooperative unmanned vehicles. cooperative unmanned vehicles communicate with infrastructure and other unmanned vehicles in order to increase driving safety. They exchange information related to driving and thus it requires real-time and reliable multicast. However, the international vehicular communication standard, IEEE 802.11p WAVE, does not provide a reliable multicast scheme on the MAC layer. To address the problems of reliability, we propose a reliable multicast protocol called WiVCL, which avoids contention and collision. Our evaluation shows that the WiVCL achieves a high degree of reliability and real-time features.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.712-716
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.275-278
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• 2018

The $VCl_3$/In system was found to be a new protocol for debromination of a variety of vic-dibromides to the corresponding alkenes in high yields with short reaction times under mild conditions. This new methodology is highly chemoselective, tolerating several functional groups such as chloro, bromo, fluoro, keto, ester, carboxyl, and methoxy groups.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

This study were performed the effect of methylxanthine derivatives on hamster epididymal sperm motility. To assess the effect of methylxanthine derivatives on motility kinematics of epididymal sperm, pentoxifylline, 2-deoxy-adenosine and hypoxanthine were added to TALP medium. 1 mM of pentoxifylline, significantly increased VCL, VAP, VSL of spermatozoa obtained from corpus and cauda epididymis. With 1 mM of 2-deoxyadenosine, VCL, VAP, VSL of spermatozoa obtained from corpus and cauda epididymis were significantly increased, but 2 mM ADE for cauda spermatozoa was effective than 1 mM. In the case of hypoxanthine, various concentrations were not significantly effective, but 2 mM HX showed higher effect than other concentrations. pentoxifylline 1 mM and 2-deoxyadenosine 1 mM significantly increased VCL, VAP of corpus and cauda epididymal spermatozoa and VSL of cauda epididymal spermatozoa. From these results it could be concluded that the addition of methylxanthine increase motility kinematics of hamster spermatozoa collected from epididymis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.575-576
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• 2008

This paper presents a design of a charge pumping circuit for LCD Driver IC. The charge pumping circuit consists of a control block, a VCIOUT generating block, a DDVDH generating block, a VGH/VGL generating block, and VCL generating block. It generates various higher and lower voltage than supply voltage using external control input. Simulation results show that voltages of DDVDH, VGH, VGL, and VCL satisfy the target voltage, and the output DDVDH drives the output current 7mA.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1171-1174
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• 2006

Various off-the-shelf Lewis acids in conjunction with various onium salts are screened for coupling reaction of $CO_2$ with epoxides. Among the tested ones, $VCl_3/n-Bu_4NOAc$, $VCl_3/(n-Bu_4NCl$ or PPNCl), $FeCl_3/ n-Bu_4NOAc$, and $FeCl_3/ n-Bu_4NOAc$are proved to be highly active. Propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, and cyclohexene oxide can be converted over 90% yields to the corresponding cyclic carbonates without the use of organic solvents under mild conditions by 0.1-1.0 mol% catalyst charge.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.372-376
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 비디오 하이라이트 검출 및 장면 추출을 위한 경량화된 모델인 Visual Context Learner (VCL)을 제안한다. 기존 연구에서는 매개변수가 고정된 CLIP을 비롯한 여러 피쳐 추출기에 학습 가능한 DETR과 같은 트랜스포머를 이어붙여서 학습을 한다. 하지만 본 연구는 경량화된 구조로 하이라이트 검출 성능을 개선시킬 수 있음을 보인다. 그리고 해당 형태로 장면 추출도 가능함을 보이며 장면 추출의 추가 연구 가능성을 시사한다. VCL은 매개변수가 고정된 CLIP에 학습가능한 프롬프트와 MLP로 하이라이트 검출과 장면 추출을 진행한다. 총 2,141개의 학습가능한 매개변수를 사용하여 하이라이트 검출의 HIT@1(>=Very Good) 성능을 기존 CLIP보다 2.71% 개선된 성능과 최소한의 장면 추출 성능을 보인다.