• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.821-831
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• 1998

The actual ground vibrations due to NATM and foundation blasting at Seoul(weathered rock), Pusan(weathered rock) and Youngkwang(quartz andesite) have been measured, and the data were analyzed using reliability index($\beta$) to determinate the vibration equations and the maximum charge weight for efficient blast. These were suggested with the division of ultimate limit state($\beta$=0), serviceability limit state($\beta$=1.28) and safety state($\beta$=3), respectively. The reliability index 0 mean 50% data line obtained by the least squares best-fit line. The reliability index 1.28 and 3 represent bounds below 90% and 99.9% of the data, respectively. In this study, reliability index $\beta$=1.28 with security and economy was suggested. The maximum charge weight equations for efficient blast were obtained in W=(Vc/384.90)1.5151.D3(Seoul), W=(Vc/579.82)1.4706.D3(Pusan). W=(Vc/1654.01)1.3456.D3(Youngkwang), and the blast vibration equatiions in V=385(SD)-1.98(Seoul), V=580(SD)-2.04(Pusan), V=1654(SD)-2.23(Youngkwang), respectively. From this study, inference and analysis methods of vibration equations using reliability theory were established.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.458-463
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• 2012

This study is to examine the effects of a feedback breathing device exercise and diaphragm breathing exercise on pulmonary functions of chronic strokes patients. The selection of 20 subjects was divided equally and placed into a experiment group and a control group and the intervention was applied four times per a week for five weeks. In each session, both groups received rehabilitative exercise treatment for 30 minutes, and a feedback breathing device exercise for 15 minutes. In addition, experimental group conducted a combination of diaphragm breathing exercise for 15 minutes. Prior to and after the experiment, patients' pulmonary functions were measured using a spirometer. The pulmonary function tests included FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, VC, TV, IC, ERV, IRV. With respect to changes in the pulmonary functions of both groups, the experimental group significantly differed in FVC, FEV1, TV, ERV but did not in PEF, FEV1/FVC, VC, IRV. The control group did not significantly differ in any of the tests. There were significant differences in FEV1, FEV1/FVC, TV, ERV between the two groups, but no significant differences in FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC, VC, IRV between them after the experiment. The experimental group, which conducted a combination of a feedback breathing device exercise and diaphragm breathing exercise, saw their respiratory ability increase more significantly than the control group. The breathing exercise was found to improve pulmonary function in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.432-444
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• 1993

Multidrug resistance(MDR) phenotype is frequently observed in animal and human cancer cell lines selected for in vitro resistance to a single chemotherapeutic agent. It is characterized by the diminished drug accumulation and is related to the drug efflux mechanism in resistant cells. In the present study, adriamycin resistant cells(L1210-$AdR_6$ : $10^{-6}M$ adriamycin, $-AdR_5$ : $10^{-5}M$) and vincristine resistant cells (L1210-$VcR_7$ : $10^{-7}M$ vincristine, $-VcR_6$ : $10^{-6}M$) were produced from mouse lymphoblastic leukemia cell line L1210. Growth profiles of survived cells were observed for 5 days with MTT(thiazolyl blue) assay and resistance was compared with $IC_{50}$(drug concentration of 50% survival reduction in absorbance). Resistant cells proliferated more slowly than sensitive cell. Doubling times were 29.7hr in L1210, 68.7hr in L1210-$AdR_5$ and 58.2hr in $-VcR_6$. MDRs expressed as resistance factor were as follows, L1210-$AdR_5$ was 76.4 times for vincristine, L1210-$VcR_6$ was 96.4 times for adriamycin. The cell membrane proteins with three different M.W. were recognized to be related resistance, 220, 158, and 88 kd in L1210-$AdR_5$, 158, 140 and 88 kd in L1210-$VcR_6$ by SDS-PAG electrophoresis. Cell surface membrane proteins were identified by radio-iodination and autoradiogram, their molecular weights were 158, 72.8, and 42.4 Kd in L1210-$VcR_6$.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2006

Virion captured reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (VC/RT-PCR) could detect plant virus quickly and accurately. In the VC/RT-PCR, no antibody is needed unlike immuno-captured RT-PCR (IC/RT-PCR) which had been improved method of RT-PCR for plant viruses, and virus nucleic acids can be obtained easily within 30minutes by property of polypropylene PCR tube which is hold and immobilized viral particles on its surface. For the virion capture of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the extraction buffer was tested. The optimum macerating buffer for TSWV was 0.01M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.5% sodium sulfite. The viral crude sap was incubated for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. The virions in the PCR tubes were washed two times with 0.01M PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20. The washed virions were treated at $95^{\circ}C$ immediately for 1 min containing RNase free water and chilled quickly in the ice. Disclosed virions' RNAs by heat treatment were used for RT-PCR. Dilution end point of $10^{-5}$ from plant's crude sap infected with TSWV showed relatively higher detection sensitivity for VC/RT-PCR. During multiple detection using two or more primers, interference was arisen by interactions between primer-primer and plant species. The result of multiplex RT-PCR was influenced by combinations of primers and the kind of plant, and the optimum extraction buffer for the multiplex detection by VC/RT-PCR should be developed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1997

The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main obstacles in the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. In this study The gene expressions of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), c-myc and c-fos were investigated in L1210 cells. Adriamycin- or vincristine-resistant L1210 cells, L1210AdR or L1210VcR, respectively, has been identified to overexpression of mdr1 gene. The expression leve of MRP gene in L1210AdR and L1210Cis was more decreased than that in L1210 cells. The c-myc and c-fos genes were expressed both in L1210 and resistant sublines. In L1210AdR, the expressions level of c-myc and c-fos genes were decreased than in L1210. However, in L1210VcR and L1210Cis, c-myc and c-fosgene expressionwere rather increased than L1210. These results suggested that MRP does not contribute in resistance of drug-resistant L1210 cells and there is no relations between MRP and mdr1 gene expression. The expression of c-myc and c-fos gene may be changed during transformation of L1210 to drug-resistant sublines.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

Coronal/non-coronal asymmetry refers to the typological trend wherein coronals rather than non-coronals are more likely targets in place assimilation. Although the phenomenon has been accounted for by resorting to the notion of unmarkedness in formalistic approaches to sound patterns, the examination of rules and representations cannot answer why there should be such a process in the first place. Furthermore, the motivation of coronal/non-coronal asymmetry has remained controversial to date even in the field of phonetics. The present study investigated the listeners' perception of coronal and non-coronal stops in the context of $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ after critically reviewing the three types of phonetic accounts for coronal/non-coronal asymmetry, i.e., articulatory, perceptual, and gestural overlap accounts. An experiment was conducted to test whether the phenomenon in question may occur, given the listeners' lack of perceptual ability to identify weaker place cues in VC transitions as argued by Ohala (1990), i.e., coronals have weak place cues that cause listeners' misperception. 5pliced nonsense $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ utterances were given to 20 native speakers of English and Korean. Data analysis showed that majority of the subjects reported $C_{2}\;as\;C_{1}$. More importantly, the place of articulation of C1 did not affect the listeners' identification. Compared to non-coronals, coronals did not show a significantly lower rate of correct identifications. This study challenges the view that coronal/non-coronal asymmetry is attributable to the weak place cues of coronals, providing evidence that CV cues are more perceptually salient than VC cues. While perceptual saliency account may explain the frequent occurrence of regressive assimilation across languages, it cannot be extended to coronal/non-coronal asymmetry.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2007

A marine bacterium was isolated from Mai Po Nature Reserve of Hong Kong and identified as Vibrio cholerae MP-1. It contains a small plasmid designated as pVC of 3.8 kb. Four open reading frames (ORFs) are identified on the plasmid, but none of them shows homology to any known protein. Database search indicated that a 440 bp fragment is 96% identical to a fragment found in a small plasmid of another V. cholerae. Further experiments demonstrated that a 2.3 kb EcoRI fragment containing the complete ORF1, partial ORF4 and their intergenic region could self-replicate. Additional analyses revealed that sequence upstream of ORF1 showed the features characteristic of theta type replicons. Protein encoded by ORF1 has two characteristic motifs existed in most replication initiator proteins (Rep): the leucine zipper (LZ) motif located at the N-terminal region and the alpha helix-turn-alpha helix motif (HTH) located at the C-terminal end. The results suggest that pVC replicates via the theta type mechanism and is likely a novel type of theta replicon.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2002

European side impact analysis of an electric vehicle was done using the robust design method. In order to minimize VC as well as rib deflection, the injury response table which consists of rib deflection and VC response table has been introduced. The sensitivities and interactions are almost the same when it was compared with those of rib deflection and VC response table. Using internal energy of the factors, the starting time of dummy rib deflection and the contact average velocity, the internal energy and time-velocity response table were introduced. It is shown that the results of the new response tables have the similar characteristics to those of the Injury response table. It is suggested that the internal energy and time-velocity response table should be utilized to minimize injuries.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.8-18
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• 2010

AVC|H.264 보다 2배 이상의 압축률을 목표로 하는 HVC 표준화가 2010 년1월부터 MPEG과 VCEG이 공동 설립한 JCT-VC에 의해 시작되었다. AVC|H.264가 유선망과 무선망이 통합되고 방송과 통신이 융합되어 언제 어디서나 인터넷과 방송을 즐길 수 있는 방통 융합서비스 시대를 개척하였다면, HVC는 방통융합 서비스를 한 단계 더 진보시킬 수 있는 표준이 될 것으로 예상된다. 본 고에서는 MPEG과 VCEG 이 공동으로 추진하는 JCT-VC HVC 표준화의 동향에 대해서 설명한다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1993

In PMN-pyrochlore phase mixtures, dielectric constant was measured as a function of the volume fraction of pyrochlore phase and considered with general effective media(GEM) equation. For the application of GEM equation to this system, the critical volume fraction(Vc) where connectivity between the perovskite PMN and pyrochlore phase changed from 0-3 to 3-3, was determined based on the each particle size ratio of two phases with microstructural observation. And then the t value was determined from modified percolation powder-law dependence ( K-Kc (V-Vc)t). In the case of applying such values of t and Vc to the GEM equation, which provided a reasonable fit to the measured dielectric constant within the experimental error range.