• 제목/요약/키워드: V-ATPase

검색결과 45건 처리시간 0.027초

Nucleotide Triphosphates Inhibit the Degradation of Unfolded Proteins by HslV Peptidase

  • Lee, Jung Wook;Park, Eunyong;Bang, Oksun;Eom, Soo-Hyun;Cheong, Gang-Won;Chung, Chin Ha;Seol, Jae Hong
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.252-257
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    • 2007
  • Escherichia coli HslVU is an ATP-dependent protease consisting of two heat shock proteins, the HslU ATPase and HslV peptidase. In the reconstituted enzyme, HslU stimulates the proteolytic activity of HslV by one to two orders of magnitude, while HslV increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by HslU several-fold. Here we show that HslV alone can efficiently degrade certain unfolded proteins, such as unfolded lactalbumin and lysozyme prepared by complete reduction of disulfide bonds, but not their native forms. Furthermore, HslV alone cleaved a lactalbumin fragment sandwiched by two thioredoxin molecules, indicating that it can hydrolyze the internal peptide bonds of lactalbumin. Surprisingly, ATP inhibited the degradation of unfolded proteins by HslV. This inhibitory effect of ATP was markedly diminished by substitution of the Arg86 residue located in the apical pore of HslV with Gly, suggesting that interaction of ATP with the Arg residue blocks access of unfolded proteins to the proteolytic chamber of HslV. These results suggest that uncomplexed HslV is inactive under normal conditions, but may can degrade unfolded proteins when the ATP level is low, as it is during carbon starvation.

비름에서 ATP 가수분해효소와 상동성을 가지는 유전자의 클로닝 (Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of Amaranthus viridis Homologue of the H -Transporting ATPase Gene)

  • 한규웅
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1996
  • Using differential hybridization, a cDNA clone was isolated fortuitously from Amaranthus viridis and sequenced. This nucleotide sequence exhibited 55.1% identity with vma6 which encodes the 36-kD subunit of the vacuolar proton transporting ATPase in Saccharmoyces cerevisiae. The predicted open reading frame encodes a protein of 221 amino acid sequence with a calculated molecular weight of 25,452 and reveals high levels of similarity with subunit D polypeptide of vacuolar H -ATP(e.g., 48.5, 52.1 and 49.3% identity to the vacuolar 36-kD chain of yeast, vacuolar 32-kD polypeptide IV of human and vacuolar 28-kD protein of bovine chromaffin granules, respectively). The hydropathy index computation revealed that this predicted protein is a peripheral protein. These results indicated that the predicted protein may play a sturctural role in the vaculor H -ATPase as does gamma subunit in V-type ATPase.

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Fenugreek seed polyphenols inhibit RBC membrane Na+/K+-ATPase activity

  • Anuradha, Carani V.;Kaviarasan, Subramanian;Vijayalakshmi, Kodali
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.129-132
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    • 2003
  • The hypoglycemic and hypolipidaemic effects of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) are well established. Owing to the wide spread use of the seeds by healthy individuals and by diabetic patients we wanted to test whether the seeds can affect biological systems such as membrane transport function. In the present study fenugreek seed polyphenols were extracted and their effect on erythrocyte membrane-bound sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase $(Na^+/K^+-ATPase)$ activity was studied in vitro. Fenugreek seed polyphenols inhibited $Na^+/K^+-ATPase$ in erythrocyte membrane of diabetic and normal subjects. Maximum inhibition was observed at $100\;{\mu}l$ of extract containing 0.75 mM gallic acid equivalents. The uncoupling of membrane ATPases in vitro suggest that polyphenols from fenugreek seeds may possess a positive inotropic effect.

Vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is not restricted to clear cells of the epididymal epithelium in cattle

  • Kim, Sung Woo;Kim, Bongki
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제63권2호
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    • pp.262-271
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    • 2021
  • Communication among epididymal epithelial cells creates the best luminal condition where spermatozoa mature, transport and are stored. Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) have been used as signal indicators for clear and basal cells of the epididymal epithelium, respectively, in mice, rats, bats, and pigs; however, these two markers have not yet been described in the epididymis of bulls. Here, we examined the presence and distribution of the B1 subunit of V-ATPase (B1-VATPase) and KRT5 in the distinct regions of adult bovine epididymides, specifically, the caput, corpus, and cauda. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy showed that narrow shaped-clear cells were placed in the caput and corpus regions of the bovine epididymis; however, they were absent in the cauda epididymis. In addition, B1-VATPase was highly expressed in the cauda spermatozoa; however, it was rarely detected in the caput spermatozoa. On the other hand, KRT5-positive cells, basal cells, were maintained beneath the basal lamina and they had the traditional form with a dome-shaped morphology from the caput to cauda region of the bovine epididymis. The co-expression of B1-VATPase and KRT5 was confined to basal cells placed in the basal region of the epithelium. In summary, 1) clear cells were present with region-specific localization, 2) B1-VATPase was present in the corpus and cauda spermatozoa but absent in the caput, 3) co-expressed cells with B1-VATPase and KRT5 were present in the adult bovine epididymis, and 4) B1-VATPase was not a specific marker for clear cells in the bovine epididymis. Therefore, the perfect epididymal luminal condition created by the specific expression and localization patterns of B1-VATPase might be necessary to obtain fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa in the bovine epididymis.

The expression and localization of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 during postnatal development of the pig epididymis

  • Park, Yun-Jae;Kim, Ji-Hyuk;Kim, Hack-Youn;Park, Hee-Bok;Choe, Juhui;Kim, Gye-Woong;Baek, Sun-Young;Chung, Hak-Jae;Park, Yoo-Jin;Kim, Bongki
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권7호
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    • pp.1077-1086
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    • 2020
  • Objective: We examined the localization and expression of H+ pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the epididymis of pigs, expressed in clear and basal cells, respectively, during postnatal development. Methods: Epididymides were obtained from pigs at 1, 7, 21, 60, 120, and 180 days of age; we observed the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the different regions of these organs, namely, the caput, corpus, and cauda. The differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling using cell-type-specific markers and observed using confocal microscopy. Results: At postnatal day 5 (PND5), the localization of clear cells commenced migration from the cauda toward the caput. Although at PND120, goblet-shaped clear cells were detected along the entire length of the epididymis, those labeled for V-ATPase had disappeared from the corpus to cauda and were maintained only in the caput epididymis in adult pigs. In contrast, whereas basal cells labeled for KRT5 were only present in the vas deferens at birth, they were detected in all regions of the epididymis at PND60. These cells were localized at the base of the epithelium; however, no basal cells characterized by luminally extending cell projections were observed in any of the adult epididymides examined. Conclusion: The differentiation of clear and basal cells progressively initiates in a retrograde manner from the cauda to the caput epididymis. The cell-type-specific distribution and localization of the epithelial cells play important roles in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the pig epididymis.

사람 적혈구막의 $(Na^++K^+)-ATPase/Na^+,\;K^+\;Pump$의 Target Size (Target Size of $(Na^++K^+)$-ATPase and $Na^+,\;K^+)$Pump of Human Erythrocytes)

  • 하종식
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 1985
  • $(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$${\alpha}$${\beta}$의 두 subunits로 구성되어 있으며, 분자량이 약 300,000 daltons 정도되는 것으로 보아 ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2$의 형태로 존재할 것으로 알려져 왔다 한편, 사람 적혈구막에 있는 $Na^+,\;K^+\;Pump$는 glycolytic enzymes과 complex를 이루고 있으리라는 보고도 있다. 우리는 이 실험에서 in situ상태의 사람 적혈구막$(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$의 분자량을 측정하기 위하여, 소위 말하는 ‘Target theory’를 radiation에 의한 ouabain sensitive한 $\Na^+$이동과, intact한 cells과 ghosts에서의 ATP가수분해능력의 inactivation data에 적용하였다. Intact한 cells은 cryoprotective agent의 존재하에서, ghosts는 직접적으로 액화질소의 용기속에 담고 온도를 $-45^{\circ}C$에서 $-50^{\circ}C$로 유지시키면서 1.5 MeV의 electron beam으로 조사한 후에 Pump의 기능내지 효소의 활성도를 측정하여 radiation에 따르는 inactivation의 정도를 측정하였다. 이득 활성도는 radiation의 양에 따라 simple exponential function으로 inactivation되었으며, 이로부터 radiation sensitive volume(target size)를 계산하였다. Target size는 intact한 cells을 사용하였을 경 우$(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$$Na^+,\;K^+\;Pump$ 모두 600,000 daltons으로 계산되었으며, 이 값은 만약 cells을 strophanthidin으로 먼저 처치하고 측정하면 약 325,000 daltons으로 감소하였다. Ghosts를 사용했을 경우에도$(Na^++K^+)-ATPase$의 target size는 역시 약 325,000 daltons이었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 intact한 cells에서는 $(Na^++K^+)-ATPase/Na^+,\;K^+\;Pump$$(\alpha\beta)_2$의 dimer 상태로 존재하거나 혹은 $(\alpha\beta)_2$의 monomer에 glycolytic enzymes과 같은 다른 enzymes이 붙어 functional한 구조를 이루고 있는 것이 아닌가 사료된다. 또한 실헐성적은 이러한 dimeric association 혹은 heterocomplex association은 ghost를 만드는 과정에서나 strophanthidin의 처치로 부서질 수 있음을 암시하고 있다.

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넙치 근소포체 및 근원섬유의 생화학적 특성에 미치는 전기자극의 영향 (Effects of Electrical Stimulation on the Biochemical Properties of Plaice, Paralichthys olivaceus, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Myofibrils)

  • 김태진;최영준;김동수;조영제
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.545-552
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    • 1998
  • 생선회의 육질을 향상시키는 연구의 일환으로 어육에 있어서 전기자극에 의한 근수축의 증대원인을 밝히고자 전기자극처리가 근소포체의 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 넙치 근소포체의 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase는 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 실활되었으며, 전기자극시킨 경우 즉살한 것에 비하여 낮은 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase활성을 나타내었다. 근육을 $5^{\circ}C$에 저장하였을때 시간이 길어질수록 근소포체의 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase는 치사직후에 비하여 저하되는 경향을 보였으며, 전기자극 시간이 길어질수록 빠르게 저하되었고. 35초와 60초간 전기 자극시킨 것은 비슷한 저하속도를 나타내었다. SDS-PAGE 결과, 97kDa과 68kDa의 성분이 주된 구성단백질이었으며. 전기자극 시킨것은 즉살시킨 것에 비하여 97kDa의 성분이 감소되었고 전기자극 시간이 길어질수록 현저하였다. LSR은 $27\~32\%$ sucrose 농도에서, HSR은 $38\~45\%$의 농도에서 얻을 수 있었다. LSR의 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase는 전기자극에 의하여 실활되었으며, HSR은 큰 영향을 받지 않았다 근원섬유의 $Mg^{2+}$-ATPase 활성은 전기자극처리에 의하여 증가되었으며 자극시간이 길어질수록 저장 중 $Mg^{2+}(+Ca^{2+}$)-ATPase 활성의 저하는 즉살한 것에 비하여 빠르게 진행되었다. $Mg^{2+}(-Ca^{2+}$)-ATPase 활성의 변화는 $Mg^{2+}(+Ca^{2+}$)-ATPase 활성과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었으며, 전기자극한 것은 저장 중 저하되었으나 즉살한 것은 치사 직후와 비교하여 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 근원섬유의 $Ca^{2+}$-감수성은 즉살과 전기자극한 것 사이에 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 저장 중에도 변화를 보이지 않았다.

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Up-Regulation of RANK Expression via ERK1/2 by Insulin Contributes to the Enhancement of Osteoclast Differentiation

  • Oh, Ju Hee;Lee, Na Kyung
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제40권5호
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    • pp.371-377
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    • 2017
  • Despite the importance of the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-RANK signaling mechanisms on osteoclast differentiation, little has been studied on how RANK expression is regulated or what regulates its expression during osteoclastogenesis. We show here that insulin signaling increases RANK expression, thus enhancing osteoclast differentiation by RANKL. Insulin stimulation induced RANK gene expression in time- and dose-dependent manners and insulin receptor shRNA completely abolished RANK expression induced by insulin in bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage cells (BMMs). Moreover, the addition of insulin in the presence of RANKL promoted RANK expression. The ability of insulin to regulate RANK expression depends on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) since only PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, specifically inhibited its expression by insulin. However, the RANK expression by RANKL was blocked by all three mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases inhibitors. The activation of RANK increased differentiation of BMMs into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive ($TRAP^+$) osteoclasts as well as the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and d2 isoform of vacuolar ($H^+$) ATPase (v-ATPase) Vo domain (Atp6v0d2), genes critical for osteoclastic cell-cell fusion. Collectively, these results suggest that insulin induces RANK expression via ERK1/2, which contributes to the enhancement of osteoclast differentiation.

고전압 펄스 전기장 처리에 의한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 생리적 변화 (Physiological Changes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by High Voltage Pulsed Electric Field Treatments)

  • 박희란;윤소정;박한설;신정규
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.590-597
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    • 2013
  • 고전압 펄스 전기장 기술은 가열 공정을 대체할 수 있는 비가열 살균기술로서 꾸준한 연구가 이루어지고 있는 기술이다. 본 실험에서는 미생물의 생리적 측면에서 고전압 펄스 전기장 처리에 의한 효모의 생리적 변화를 살펴보았다. 내염성의 변화를 측정한 결과 사멸하지 않은 세포의 90-99% 이상이 세포 손상에 의해 내염성을 소실하였으며, 내염성을 회복하는데 약 4-6시간의 시간이 걸렸다. 고전압 펄스 전기장 처리 초기에는 세포 내외의 pH 구배(${\Delta}pH$)가 차이가 컸으나 처리시간이 증가함에 따라 그 차이가 감소하였다. 이는 세포의 pH 항상성을 유지시키는 $H^+$-traslocation 기능을 담당하고 있는 $H^+$-ATPase 활성이 소실되었거나 세포막 자체가 손상되어 pH 항상성을 잃어버렸기 때문으로, 이는 고전압 펄스 전기장 처리한 세포의 $H^+$-ATPase의 활성이 초기부터 크게 감소하는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 세포의 해당활성이 고전압 펄스 전기장 처리에 의해 크게 감소하여 세포의 대사 기능이 손상되는 것을 확인하였다.

담수어와 해수어의 근원섬유단백질의 열안정성에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Thermostability of Myofibrillar Proteins from Fresh Water Fish and Sea Water Fish)

  • 신완철;송재철;최석영;홍상필
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.574-578
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    • 2001
  • 담수어인 향어와 해수어인 방어의 white muscle과 red muscle로 부터 근원섬유단백질을 조제하여 생육 환경조건이 다른 어류의 근원섬유단백질간에는 어떠한 차이가 있는지에 대하여 알고자 myofibrillar protein ATPase 활성에 대한 온도의 존성과 열안정성을 실험하였다. 향어와 방어 근원섬유단백질의 기질친화도와 $V_{max}$ 값에 있어서는 향어가 방어에 비해 높은 값을 보였고, 활성에 대한 반응온도 및 반응시간에 따른 영향에 있어서는 myofibril의 경우 red muscle이 white muscle에 비해 낮은 활성을 나타냈으며, actomyosin의 경우에 있어서는 향어가 4$0^{\circ}C$에서도 활성증가를 나타낸 반면에 방어는 45$^{\circ}C$, 5$0^{\circ}C$와 같이 반응시간에 따른 활성증가를 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 일반적으로 향어가 방어보다 그리고 white muscle이 red muscle에 비해 높은 반응생성물을 나타내었다. 열안정성에 대한 열역학량(D value, Z value, )은 muscle 종류간 그리고 환경이 다른 어종간에 차이를 보였다. 향어와 방어 둘다 white muscle이 red muscle에 비해 안정하였으며, 향어 myofibrillar protein이 방어 myofibrillar protein보다 열에 안정한 값을 보여 환경조건이 열안정성에 차이를 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

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