• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.459.1-459.1
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• 2014

Because both $TiO_2$ and ZnO has superior characteristic optically and electrically, there are various of research for these materials. However, they have large band gap energy which correspond with not visible light, but UV light. To make up for this disadvantage, Quantum dots (CdS, CdSe) which can absorb the visible light could be deposited on $ZnO/TiO_2$ nanostructure so that the the photoelectrochecmical cell can absorb the light that has larger region of wavelength. Both $TiO_2$ and ZnO can be grown to one-dimensional nanowire structure at low temperature through solutional method. Three-dimensional hierarcical $ZnO/TiO_2$ nanostructure is fabricated by applying these process. Large surface area of this structure make the light absorbed more efficiently. Through type 2 like-cascade energy band structure of nanostructure, the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs is expected. Photoelectrochemical charateristics are found by using these nanostructure to photoelectrode.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.534-534
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 RF/DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링 시스템을 이용하여 co-sputtering 방법으로 TiO2와 ZnO를 이용하여 인버티드 유기태양전지용 버퍼층을 제작하고 TiO2와 ZnO의 함량에 따른 인버티드 유기 태양전지 특성을 비교하였다. Ti-Zn-O 버퍼층은 기존의 버퍼층 제작에 사용되던 용액 공정 대신 스퍼터링 시스템을 이용하여 제작하였다. ITO 전극 상부에 곧바로 Ti-Zn-O를 성막하여 Anode와 버퍼층이 일체화된 투명 전극을 제작하고 ZnO와 TiO2 함량이 유기 태양전지의 특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 버퍼층의 TiO2와 ZnO 함량에 따른 광학적, 구조적특성을 UV/Vis spectrometry와 X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM 등으로 분석하였으며, Ti-Zn-O 박막의 실제 버퍼 층으로서의 적용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 인버티드 유기태양전지로 제작하여 그 특성을 평가하였다. 기존의 인버티드 유기태양전지의 특성이 fill factor of 55.58%, short circuit current of 8.33 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 0.66 V, efficiency 3.06%인데 반해 최적 조건의 Ti-Zn-O 버퍼층을 적용했을 경우 fill factor of 52.05%, short circuit current of 8.81 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 0.66 V, efficiency 3.03%인 우수한 유기태양전지의 특성을 보임으로써 스퍼터링 공법으로 제작된 Ti-Zn-O 박막의 인버티드 유기태양전지용 버퍼 층으로서의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2008

The effects of the deposition and annealing temperature on the structural, electrical and optical properties of Ag doped ZnO (ZnO : Ag) thin films were investigated. All of the films were deposited with a 2wt% $Ag_2O-doped$ ZnO target using an e-beam evaporator. The substrate temperature varied from room temperature (RT) to $250^{\circ}C$. An undoped ZnO thin film was also fabricated at $150^{\circ}C$ as a reference. The as-grown films were annealed in temperatures ranging from 350 to $650^{\circ}C$ for 5 h in air. The Ag content in the film decreased as the deposition and the post-annealing temperature increased due to the evaporation of the Ag in the film. During the annealing process, grain growth occurred, as confirmed from XRD and SEM results. The as-grown film deposited at RT showed n-type conduction; however, the films deposited at higher temperatures showed p-type conduction. The films fabricated at $150^{\circ}C$ revealed the highest hole concentration of $3.98{\times}1019\;cm^{-3}$ and a resistivity of $0.347\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$. The RT PL spectra of the as-grown ZnO : Ag films exhibited very weak emission intensity compared to undoped ZnO; moreover, the emission intensities became stronger as the annealing temperature increased with two main emission bands of near band-edge UV and defect-related green luminescence exhibited. The film deposited at $150^{\circ}C$ and annealed at $350^{\circ}C$ exhibited the lowest value of $I_{vis}/I_{uv}$ of 0.05.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

In this work, nano ZnO was introduced into low density poly ethylene (LDPE) composites films with various contents (0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt%) by melt-extrusion. Their basic properties such as crystallinity, chemical bonds and surface morphology were examined by XRD, FTIR and SEM. XRD patterns and FTIR peaks intensity were increased in proportion to the ZnO contents. SEM images showed well dispersed nano ZnO in LDPE composite films. Antimicrobial functionality of LDPE-nano ZnO composite films was also studied and the presence of nano ZnO resulted in significant improvement of antimicrobial functionality compared to the pure LDPE film. To evaluate influence of nano ZnO on LDPE properties required as packaging material, thermal, mechanical, gas barrier and optical properties of LDPE-nano ZnO composite films were characterized with various analytical techniques including TGA, UTM, OTR, WVTR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. As a result, except optical and mechanical properties of LDPE, no significant effects were found in other properties. Opacity of pure LDPE was greatly increased with increasing concentration of nano ZnO and tensile strength was also improved at 0.5wt% ZnO content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.256-257
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• 2014

The effects of the preparation conditions of ZnO-modified TaON on the photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B dye (Rh. B) under simulated solar light were investigated. The ZnO/TaON nanocomposite were prepared by loading particulate $Ta_2O_5$ with ZnO using different ZnO contents, followed by thermal nitridation at 1123 K for 5 h under $NH_3$ flow (20 ml min.1). The asprepared samples were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis-DRS, and SEM-EDX. The results revealed that the band gap energy absorption edge of as prepared nanocomposite samples was shifted to a longer wavelength as compared to ZnO and $Ta_2O_5$, and the 60 wt% ZnO/TaON nanocomposite exhibited the highest percentage (99.2 %) of degradation of Rh. B and the highest reaction rate constant ($0.0137min^{-1}$) in 4 h which could be attributed to the enhanced absorption of the ZnO/TaON nanocomposite photocatalyst. Hence, these results suggest that the ZnO/TaON nanocomposite exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B under simulated solar light irradiation in comparison to the commercial ZnO, $Ta_2O_5$, and TaON.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.102-105
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• 2012

The structural, electrical, and optical properties of layer-by-layer ZnO nanoparticles deposited using sol-gel spin coating technique were studied and now presented. Thicknesses of the thin films were varied by increasing the number of deposited layers. As part of our characterization process, XRD and FE-SEM were used to characterize the structural properties, current-voltage measurements for the electrical properties, and UV-Vis spectra and photoluminescence spectra for the optical properties of the ZnO thin films. ZnO thin films with thicknesses ranging from 14.2 nm to 62.7 nm were used in this work. Film with thickness of 42.7 nm gave the lowest resistivity among all, $1.39{\times}10^{-2}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$. Photoluminescence spectra showed two peaks which were in the UV emission centered at 380 nm, and visible emission centered at 590 nm. Optical transmittance spectra of the samples indicated that all films were transparent (>88%) in the visible-NIR range. The optical band gap energy was estimated to be 3.21~3.26 eV, with band gap increased with the thin film thickness.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.162-165
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• 2016

APhotocatalysis process uses ambient oxygen from air and irradiation, fundamentally UV light, to generate oxidation and reduction which can degrade almost all harmful organic and inorganic compounds to nontoxic substances. This study was focused on enhancement of photocatalytic activity which improves the photocatlytic efficiency with $TiO_2$ particle by mixing of certain amounts of Zn particles. We analyzed degradation of organic pollutant materials such as toluene and phenol with the mixed photocatalysis by using UV-visible spectrophotometer and obtained a result that photocatalytic activity is increased with increasing amount of Zn particle. Especially, in the case of $TiO_2$ (1 mmol) and Zn (0.1 mmol) mixture photocatalyst, we obtained at least 2 times higher photocatalytic activity compared with the commercially available $TiO_2$ photocatalyst (Degussa P-25), indicating that our mixed photocatalyts (Zn-doped $TiO_2$) is very effective of removing both organic dye and pollutants and the conversion rate of toluene is much faster than that of phenol.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2014

Improved power conversion efficiency of hybrid solar cells with ITO/ZnO seed layer/ZnO NRs/ZnS QDs/P3HT/PCBM/Ag structure was obtained by optimizing the growth period of ZnO nanorods (NRs). ZnO NRs were grown using a hydrothermal method on ZnO seed layers, while ZnS quantum dots (QDs) (average thickness about 24 nm) were fabricated on the ZnO NRs by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. Morphology, crystalline structure and optical absorption of layers were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible absorption spectra, respectively. The XRD results implied that ZnS QDs were in the cubic phase (sphalerite). Other experimental results showed that the maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.09% was obtained for a device based on ZnO NR10 under an illumination of one Sun (AM 1.5G, $100mW/cm^2$).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.246-250
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• 2001

ZnO thin films for light emission device have been deposited on sapphire and silicon substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique(PLD). A Nd:YAG laser was used with the wavelength of355 nm. In order to investigate the emission properties of ZnO thin films, Pl measurements with an Ar ion laser a light source using an excitation wavelength of 351 nm and a power of 100 mW are used. All spectra were taken at room temperature by using a grating spectrometer and a photomultiplier detector. ZnO exhibited Pl bands centers around 390, 510 and 640 nm, labeled near ultra-violet(UV), green and orange bands. Structural properties of ZnO thin films are analyzed with X-ray diffraction(XRD).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.330-330
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• 2012

RF magnetron sputtering법을 이용하여 사파이어, 유리 기판위에 ZnO박막을 기판온도를 달리하여 증착하여 ZnO박막의 구조적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 또한, RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing)를 이용하여 ZnO박막의 열처리 효과도 확인하였다. XRD (X-ray diffraction)결과 사파이어 기판에서는 상온에서, 유리 기판에서는 $400^{\circ}C$일 때 ZnO박막의 가장 좋은 특성을 나타냈다. UV-vis spectrometer측정 결과 가시광선 영역에서 사파이어 기판에서는 80%가 넘는 투과율을 유리 기판에서는 90%가 넘는 투과율을 보였다. 열처리 후 XRD peak의 세기가 높아졌고, 반치폭도 감소함을 보여 ZnO박막의 결정성이 향상되었다. 그리고 밴드갭의 변화도 관찰되었다.