• 제목/요약/키워드: Utility saving

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냉각 시스템 및 에너지 저장 시스템을 갖춘 상업용 빌딩의 수요자원 거래시장 대응을 위한 운영 스케줄링 (Operation Scheduling in a Commercial Building with Chiller System and Energy Storage System for a Demand Response Market)

  • 손준호;노대석
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제19권8호
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    • pp.312-321
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    • 2018
  • 한국의 수요자원(Demand Response, DR) 거래시장은 자연재해 또는 예기치 않은 발전소 사고로 인한 전력수급 위기 시 최대수요를 억제하며, 발전소 건설비용 절감 및 운영예비력 확보를 위한 목적으로 운영되고 있다. 수요자원 거래시장에 참여한 수용가는 전력거래소로부터 수요 감축 1시간 전 급전지시를 통보 받으며, 요청된 수요자원 감축을 통하여 기본급과 실적금을 정산 받는다. 본 논문에서는 냉각 시스템과 ESS을 갖춘 수용가가 계시별요금제와 수요자원 거래시장에 동시 참여 시, 최적 운영계획 수립을 위한 DR 에너지관리 알고리즘을 제안 하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 주위온도 예측오차가 있는 전일 운영 스케줄링과 DR 운영일 리스케줄링의 두 가지 운영 스케줄링으로 구성된다. 전일 운영 스케줄링의 경우, 냉각 시스템, ESS의 운영스케줄링은 과거 주위온도 데이터를 기반으로 생성된 주위온도 시나리오와 불확실한 DR감축 시나리오에 의해 결정된다. 또한 DR 운영일에 대한 리스케줄링은 수용가의 DR 수익과 건물내부 열괘적성이 보장되며 제안된 방법은 혼합정수 선형 프로그래밍(Mixed Integer Linear Programming, MILP)에 의해 기대 에너지 비용을 최소화한다.

경기도 초등학교 급식의 단독과 공동조리 시스템 비용/효과분석 (Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of School Foodservice Systems in Kyonggi-do)

  • 양일선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제30권10호
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    • pp.1229-1243
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study were to :(a) investigate meal costs, plate waste costs, and advantages/disadvantages of conventional /commissary foodservices and (b) compare the effectiveness of commissary foodservice systems with that of conventional systems. Questionnaires were developed and mailed to 136 schools in Kyonggi-do. A total of 106 questionnaires were usable, resulting in a 77.9% response rate. Teacher's teaching of good food habits and students satisfaction with school foodservices were surveyed in three schools from each system. Moreover, plate waste was measured to express cost and benefit in currency. Data were analyzed using the SAS package for description analysis, t-test, $\chi$$^2$ test, ANOVA, and the Vilcoxon rank sum test. Approximately seventy percent of 294schools in Kyonggi-do were operating commissary systems and most of them were of the rural (reduced paid) type. The number of meals served varied significantly between types of foodservice. The results of this study indicated that average food , labor utility , and supply costs were saved in the commissary system and that the total meal cost/person for a day was 1218.7 won compared to 1452.4 won in the conventional system. Though total meal costs were saved in the commissary system, dietitians had difficulties cooperating with school foodservice committees and supporters associations, especially in satellites of the commissary system. In addition, dietitians and teachers in the commissary system did not carry out teaching activities on good food habits to students as often as in the conventional system. Other problems that dietitians recognized in the commissary system were difficulties in training employees and parents for portion control and serving relatively simple menus. Students, as customers of school foodservices, are very important for system evaluation . Students in the commissary system scored of food itself , cleanliness of tableware, waiting time, quantity of meal and food temperature significantly lower than students in the conventional system. Moreover , the rate of plate waste was 20.5% in the commissary system as compared to 3.3% in the conventional system. Cost-effectiveness (saving 233.7won/person/day) is the main benefit of the commissary system. However , because of lower satisfaction scores and a highest plate waste rate, 201.9won/ person were wasted in the commissary system. The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of meals served within a commissary system might maximize the efficiency of the system, but increasing the number of satellites is not recommended because it might be out of dietitians control in many aspects.

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NFC 지적기준점과 지적정보어플리케이션 적용에 대한 효용성 분석 (The Efficiency Analysis of using NFC Cadastral Control Point and a Cadastral Information Application)

  • 김성준;이종달;김성훈;배재열
    • 대한공간정보학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2014
  • 현재 IT기술의 발전과 스마트폰의 대중화로 정보제공 방식 및 활용성이 점차 진화되고 있다. 특히 스마트폰을 통한 실시간 정보제공 및 활용 측면에서는 다양한 어플리케이션들이 개발되고 있으며 사용되고 있다. 최근 기준점정보의 효율적인 관리와 제공을 위한 정보제공 방안들이 연구 및 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 울산광역시 동구에 설치 활용되고 있는 QR코드 지적기준점을 개선한 NFC 지적기준점과 어플리케이션을 개발 및 적용해 보았다. 또한 기존 기준점을 이용한 측량 방식과 NFC 지적기준점을 이용한 측량 방식을 비교 및 시험하여 두 방식에 대한 효용성을 분석해 보았다. 두 방식의 적용결과 외부환경에 따른 손상과 활용성 측면에서는 NFC 지적기준점이 장점이 있으며 특히 인식방식에 따른 편의성 측면과 인식률 및 인식속도에서는 NFC 방식이 우수한 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 QR코드 지적기준점과 NFC 지적기준점 정보를 함께 적용 가능한 지적정보 어플리케이션을 개발하여 기존 기준점 성과를 이용한 측량방식과 비교한 결과 지적정보 어플리케이션이 현장답사 시간이 절약되고 기준점 성과 정보취득 시간이 짧고 간편해 효용성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 향 후 정부차원의 통합적인 지적기준점 관리와 정보제공을 위한 어플리케이션이 개발된다면 전국의 지적기준점 및 관련 정보를 통합관리가 가능할 것으로 사료되며, 효과적인 정보서비스를 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

신경망과 퍼지논리를 이용한 최대수요전력 제어시스템에 관한연구 (A Study on the Control System of Maximum Demand Power Using Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic)

  • 조성원
    • 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.420-425
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    • 1999
  • 최대수요전력 예측과 제어의 목적은 공장 또는 빌딩등의 전력수용가의 입장에서 수시로 변동하는 부하의추이를 파악 예측하여 에너지 합리화 경제성 증대 산업기기의 보호 수용가의 비용절감과 더불어 크게는 국가적인 전력시스템안정화를 가져가기 위함에 있다. 최대수요전력 예측/제어를 위한 기존의 방법들은 수용가 특성이나 계절별 요일별 차이를 고려하지 않고 고정된 알고리즘에 의해 예측값이 결정되므로 환경변화에 적극적인 대응능력이 부족한 단점이있다. 이와같은 문제점의 해결을 위해 본 논문에서는 현재 많은 연구가 되고 있는 SOFM 신경망을 이용한 예측 방법과 예측치의 보정방법으로 퍼지제어길르 추가한 형태의 최대수요전력예측 제어기를 제안한다, 예측방법의 경우 유동적이며 적은 구간을 통하여 순시부하처럼 변동이 많은 데이터에 대하여 예측시간을 단축함과 동시에 오차를 줄여나갈수 있다. 또한 2단계의 학습을 통하여 SOFMd의 출력값이 패턴이 아닌 예측치가 될 수 있도록 변형하였으며 패턴자체의 변화에 대응하여 패턴오차를 이용하여재학습을 하도록 하여 불안정한 전력에 대하여 보완한다. 그리고 예측후반부에 퍼지제어기를 연결하여 예측의 신뢰성을 높이는 안정된 예측구조를 가지고 있다. 실험결과 시계열 예측방법인 지수평활법보다 제안된 예측/제어 방법이 우수함을 확인하였다.

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한국 산업부문의 에너지성과 지표 이용에 관한 연구 (Investigating the Use of Energy Performance Indicators in Korean Industry Sector)

  • 심홍석;이성주
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.707-725
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    • 2021
  • 에너지경영시스템은 생산 중심으로 발전하는 한국의 경제구조에서 에너지경영의 역할을 강조하여 지속 가능한 에너지 절약 및 온실가스 감축에 기여하고 있다. 에너지 성과에 대한 측정 방법론을 이해하는 것은 기업이 성공적인 에너지경영시스템을 구축하는 데 핵심 요소이지만, 적용 방법론, 적용 가능성 및 실제 활용도를 조사하려는 시도는 국내에서 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 에너지경영시스템에 관한 국제표준인 ISO 50006에서 제안한 4가지 에너지 성과 지표(EnPI)인 ①측정 된 에너지 값, ②측정 된 값 간의 비율, ③ 선형 회귀 모델, ④ 비선형 회귀 모델에 초점을 맞추어 에너지성과 측정에 대한 이해를 심화시키고, 효과적으로 확산시키기 위한 정책과 적정 관리 지표를 제시하는 것을 목표로 한다. 41명의 전문가들의 설문조사를 통해 수집된 데이터를 활용하여, EnPI에 대한 선호도와 산업 분류별, 조직규모, 전문가 유형별로 EnPI의 주요 선책 기준을 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 가장 선호되는 EnPI는 측정 된 값과 측정 된 에너지 값 사이의 비율이며 EnPI를 선택하는 기준은 사용 편의성이 가장 중요하다고 분석되었다.

서비스제공자와 사용자의 인식차이 분석을 통한 소셜커머스 핵심성공요인에 대한 연구: 한국의 티켓몬스터 중심으로 (A Study on the Critical Success Factors of Social Commerce through the Analysis of the Perception Gap between the Service Providers and the Users: Focused on Ticket Monster in Korea)

  • 김일중;이대철;임규건
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.211-232
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    • 2014
  • Recently, there is a growing interest toward social commerce using SNS(Social Networking Service), and the size of its market is also expanding due to popularization of smart phones, tablet PCs and other smart devices. Accordingly, various studies have been attempted but it is shown that most of the previous studies have been conducted from perspectives of the users. The purpose of this study is to derive user-centered CSF(Critical Success Factor) of social commerce from the previous studies and analyze the CSF perception gap between social commerce service providers and users. The CSF perception gap between two groups shows that there is a difference between ideal images the service providers hope for and the actual image the service users have on social commerce companies. This study provides effective improvement directions for social commerce companies by presenting current business problems and its solution plans. For this, This study selected Korea's representative social commerce business Ticket Monster, which is dominant in sales and staff size together with its excellent funding power through M&A by stock exchange with the US social commerce business Living Social with Amazon.com as a shareholder in August, 2011, as a target group of social commerce service provider. we have gathered questionnaires from both service providers and the users from October 22, 2012 until October 31, 2012 to conduct an empirical analysis. We surveyed 160 service providers of Ticket Monster We also surveyed 160 social commerce users who have experienced in using Ticket Monster service. Out of 320 surveys, 20 questionaries which were unfit or undependable were discarded. Consequently the remaining 300(service provider 150, user 150)were used for this empirical study. The statistics were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. Implications of the empirical analysis result of this study are as follows: First of all, There are order differences in the importance of social commerce CSF between two groups. While service providers regard Price Economic as the most important CSF influencing purchasing intention, the users regard 'Trust' as the most important CSF influencing purchasing intention. This means that the service providers have to utilize the unique strong point of social commerce which make the customers be trusted rathe than just focusing on selling product at a discounted price. It means that service Providers need to enhance effective communication skills by using SNS and play a vital role as a trusted adviser who provides curation services and explains the value of products through information filtering. Also, they need to pay attention to preventing consumer damages from deceptive and false advertising. service providers have to create the detailed reward system in case of a consumer damages caused by above problems. It can make strong ties with customers. Second, both service providers and users tend to consider that social commerce CSF influencing purchasing intention are Price Economic, Utility, Trust, and Word of Mouth Effect. Accordingly, it can be learned that users are expecting the benefit from the aspect of prices and economy when using social commerce, and service providers should be able to suggest the individualized discount benefit through diverse methods using social network service. Looking into it from the aspect of usefulness, service providers are required to get users to be cognizant of time-saving, efficiency, and convenience when they are using social commerce. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the usefulness of social commerce through the introduction of a new management strategy, such as intensification of search engine of the Website, facilitation in payment through shopping basket, and package distribution. Trust, as mentioned before, is the most important variable in consumers' mind, so it should definitely be managed for sustainable management. If the trust in social commerce should fall due to consumers' damage case due to false and puffery advertising forgeries, it could have a negative influence on the image of the social commerce industry in general. Instead of advertising with famous celebrities and using a bombastic amount of money on marketing expenses, the social commerce industry should be able to use the word of mouth effect between users by making use of the social network service, the major marketing method of initial social commerce. The word of mouth effect occurring from consumers' spontaneous self-marketer's duty performance can bring not only reduction effect in advertising cost to a service provider but it can also prepare the basis of discounted price suggestion to consumers; in this context, the word of mouth effect should be managed as the CSF of social commerce. Third, Trade safety was not derived as one of the CSF. Recently, with e-commerce like social commerce and Internet shopping increasing in a variety of methods, the importance of trade safety on the Internet also increases, but in this study result, trade safety wasn't evaluated as CSF of social commerce by both groups. This study judges that it's because both service provider groups and user group are perceiving that there is a reliable PG(Payment Gateway) which acts for e-payment of Internet transaction. Accordingly, it is understood that both two groups feel that social commerce can have a corporate identity by website and differentiation in products and services in sales, but don't feel a big difference by business in case of e-payment system. In other words, trade safety should be perceived as natural, basic universal service. Fourth, it's necessary that service providers should intensify the communication with users by making use of social network service which is the major marketing method of social commerce and should be able to use the word of mouth effect between users. The word of mouth effect occurring from consumers' spontaneous self- marketer's duty performance can bring not only reduction effect in advertising cost to a service provider but it can also prepare the basis of discounted price suggestion to consumers. in this context, it is judged that the word of mouth effect should be managed as CSF of social commerce. In this paper, the characteristics of social commerce are limited as five independent variables, however, if an additional study is proceeded with more various independent variables, more in-depth study results will be derived. In addition, this research targets social commerce service providers and the users, however, in the consideration of the fact that social commerce is a two-sided market, drawing CSF through an analysis of perception gap between social commerce service providers and its advertisement clients would be worth to be dealt with in a follow-up study.