• 무역상무연구
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• 제35권
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• pp.41-69
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• 2007

This study analyzes some important implications for the forthcoming revision of eUCP through the methodology of expected utility maximization theory. The overall results are as follows. First, beneficiary with an initial wealth has a risk-averse utility in traditional letter of credit transaction, and he would be more risk-averse in eUCP transaction. Secondly, the beneficiary who has risk-averse utility will pay for the risk premium to reduce the risk of corruption of an electronic record by means of cost of loss reduction activities. Thirdly, the cost of loss reduction activities is represented by a convex cost function, Fourthly, a risk averse beneficiary pursues loss reducing activities to the point where the expected marginal product of loss reduction is less than its marginal cost. Fifthly, a more risk-averse eUCP beneficiary will always select a higher level of loss reduction as long as the effectiveness of loss reduction is certain. Sixthly, when the effectiveness of loss reduction is uncertain, the more risk-averse eUCP beneficiary does not necessarily choose a higher level of loss reducing activities. Finally, it would be more reasonable that eUCP Article 11 should protect eUCP beneficiary who pursues a higher level of loss reducing activities.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2018

기존 공동구에 관한 VE/LCC 연구는 정량적 방법을 통하여 편익(7개 항목), 비용(5개 항목)에 대하여 서울시의 주요 10개노선을 대상으로 비용-편익 분석을 통한 공동구의 경제적 타당성을 검토하였다. 기존 공동구에 관한 VE/LCC 연구는 정량적 방법을 통하여 편익(7개 항목), 비용(5개 항목)에 대하여 분석을 수행하였다. 이에 본 논문에서는 3개의 항목(교통사고감소, 차량소음저감, 사회 경제 손실)을 추가하여 서울시 주간선도로 61개 구간에 대하여 경제성 평가를 분석 하였다. 교통사고감소 항목은 사업시행으로 절감할 수 있는 교통사고 비용을 개량화한 것이며, 차량소음저감 항목은 사업시행으로 발생하는 소음 변화량을 나타낸 지표이다. 마지막으로 사회 경제손실 항목은 공동구의 시공으로 인하여 지역경제에 미치는 영향을 금액으로 나타낸 것이다. 편익은 10개의 항목, 비용은 8개의 항목들 중 우선 추가 항목들의 금액을 비교 분석 하였으며, 개착식 및 터널식 공동구에서 추가된 항목들과 전체 항목들이 각 분석에 미치는 영향 정도를 분석하였다. 분석의 결과로 공동구 경제성 평가시 기초 및 상세 모델에 적용되는 항목들을 분석하여 공동구 설계시 보다 효율적인 경제성 평가가 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 추가로 제시된 항목들을 포함한 기초 및 상세 모델의 경제성 평가는 공동구 설계시 자주 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.235-240
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• 2005

Recently urban utility plants in urban areas of Korea, such as energy supply systems, municipal waste incineration systems, sewage treatment systems and so on, have caused some critical troubles, for instance the insensitive response to the seasonal or daily variation of loads, the low system efficiency and inefficient use of energy because of the large-scale system located a great distance. Therefor the design method of optimal integrated system model of various urban utility plants proposed in this study suitably to the present situation of Korea. Also, the effect analysis for the introduction of compound utility plants was studied for a new town model on a 60,000 persons scale. As the results we found that the complex plant was superior to individual urban utility plant in side of the initial investment expenses, the operating cost and other reasons.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.365-369
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• 2006

It is concentrated on a methodology to establish a scheme of investment on power distribution systems of components. This paper provides a methodology to estimate the scheme as using a customer interruption cost regarding reliability indices in power distribution systems. The proposed method basically uses the failure rate depending on time for explaining the deterioration of a component. Therefore, the theory of the sensitivity is used for deciding the precedence of the investment to consider an effect of each component's failure rate on the system reliability. After Estimating the sensitivity on component investment cost making incremental reliability level is produced by component's investment cost accumulated according to the precedence of the sensitivity. After that, the failure rate corresponding with reliability level on the curve of investment cost is used as producing the curve of customer interruption cost. Two curves have the crossing point that is proposed to acceptable reliability level for customer and utility. In this paper, the acceptable reliability level for customer with the utility is assessed to analyze customer interruption cost and sensitivity of reliability indices. In conclusion the result of investment based on this method is shown to the reliability level with two cost.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1523-1529
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• 2010

This paper describes the distribution power system econimical PQMS(Power quality monitoring system) of Utility. Recently, the korea power quality standard has been established based on the IEC Std. By IEC Std., the power quality assessment point is measured in PCC(Point of common coupling). In this case, the utility has to construct PQM system in all customer PCC point and the PQ meter cost would be very high in order to acquire the suitable data. Also the distribution system would be encounter the communication overload problem due to the huge data. Accordingly the utilities could not apply to PQM system in the distribution power system by the cost and communication problem. In this paper, the proposed economical PQMS has the voltage and current signal reiteration function and FFT operation function is transferred the server. Also the voltage and current measurement channels are minimized by a classified substation construction.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.117-117
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• 1992

Pubilc utility industries including the electric utility industry are facing a new stream of privatization com-petition with the private sector and deregulation. The necewssity to solve now and in the future power supply and demand problems has been increasing through the sophisticated generation expansion plan(GEP) approach con-sidering not only KEPCo's supply-side resources but also outside resources such as non-utility generation(NUG) demand-side management (DSM). Under the environmental situation in the current electric utility industry a new approach is needed to acquire multiple resources competitively. This study presents the development of a modified electric generation expansion analysis system(EGEAS) model with avoided cost based on the existing EGEAS model which is a dynamic program to develope an optimal generation expansion plan for the electric utility. We are trying to find optimal GEP in Korea's case using our modified model and observe the difference for the level of reliabilities such as the reserve margin(RM) loss of load probability(LOLP) and expected unserved energy percent(EUEP) between the existing EGEAS model and our model. In addition we are trying to calculate avoided cost for NUG resources which is a criterion to evaluate herem and test possibility of connection calculation of avoided cost with GEP implementation using our modified model. The results of our case study are as follows. First we were able to find that the generation expansion plan and reliability measures were largely influenced by capacity size and loading status of NUG resources, Second we were able to find that avoided cost which are criteria to evaluate NUG resources could be calculated by using our modified EGEAS model with avoided cost. We also note that avoided costs were calculated by our model in connection with generation expansion plans.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.971-976
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• 2007

미국의 경우 지하지장물의 이설시 발생하는 시설물들의 손상, 간섭으로 인한 작업지연 등이 여전히 미국 건설업의 주요한 문제점 중 하나로 지적되고 있으며, 국내의 경우에도 전기, 통신, 가스, 상 ${\cdot}$ 하수도 등과 같은 지하지장물 이서에 따른 공기지연 및 추가비용 사례가 발생하고 있고, 이로 인해 발주자와 시공자간의 책임소재를 둘러싼 클레임의 제기가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 국내의 경우 지하지장물 이설과 관련 공기지연 및 설계변경 등에 따른 추가 공사비 발생 등에 대한 현황 파악조차 제대로 이루어지고 있지 못한 실정이며, 원인 및 파급효과 분석 등 문제해결을 위한 체계�Ю� 연구가 매우 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 미국의 FHWA, SHA 및 지하지장물 이설을 관리하는 유관 기관들의 모범사례 규명을 통한 최근 연구결과를 분석하여 보여줌과 동시에 FHWA가 제시한 문제해결 도구들 중에서 특히 신뢰성 있는 지하지장물의 위치 파악을 위한 SUE에 관한 기본적인 개념을 고찰하고, 국내 관련기술개발 현황 등을 살펴봄으로서, 향후 국내 건설업의 효율적인 지장물 이설작업을 위한 체계적인 연구를 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2021

Background: Lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (LHIVD) is a frequently presented condition/disease in Korean medical institutions. In this study, the economics of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial comparing TEA with sham TEA (STEA). Methods: This economic evaluation was analyzed from a limited social perspective, and the per-protocol set was from a basic analysis perspective. The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on the change in visual analog scale score, and the cost-utility analysis was based on the quality-adjusted life years. The final results were expressed as the average cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and furthermore sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the robustness of the results observed. Results: The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that TEA was 9,908 won lower than STEA, while the decrease in 100 mm visual analog scale score was 8.5 mm greater in the TEA group compared with the STEA group (p > 0.05). The cost-utility analysis showed that TEA was 9,908 won lower than STEA, while the quality-adjusted life years of TEA was 0.0026 years higher than STEA (p > 0.05). These results were robust in the sensitivity analysis, but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In treating LHIVD, TEA appeared to have cost-effectiveness and cost-utility compared with STEA. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of cost, effectiveness, and utility indicators. Therefore, results must be interpreted prudently; this study was the 1^st to conduct an economic evaluation of TEA for LHIVD.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

Purpose - If control-ownership disparity is large, managers will not actively reduce costs; rather, they will maintain unutilized resources or possess surplus resources even when sales decrease with the purpose of increasing personal utility from status, power, compensation, and prestige. These managers' utility maximizing tendencies cause cost stickiness. We examine whether asymmetric behavior related to costs becomes stronger when there is a large disparity between ownership and control rights. Research design, data, and methodology - We construct a regression model to examine the relationship between control-ownership disparity and cost stickiness. STICKY, a dependent variable representing cost stickiness is a value found using the method of Weiss (2010), and Disparity is an interest variable that shows control-ownership disparity. Results - This study is based from the unique situations in Korea, in which high control-ownership disparity is common in firms. Large control-ownership disparity was found to increase cost stickiness of corporations. Conclusions - The results of this study imply that controlling shareholders may be regarded as a threat to the interests of minority shareholders and corporate values especially when controlling shareholders have significant influence over managers or the power to make managerial decisions as owners of a corporation.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2005

The optimal design of transmission system expansion planning is an important part of the overall planning task of electric power system under competitive electricity market environments. One of main keys of the successful grid expansion planning comes from optimal reliability level/criteria decision, which should be given for constraint in the optimal expansion problem. However, it's very difficult to decide logically the optimal reliability criteria of a transmission system as well as generation system expansion planning in a society. This paper approaches a methodology for deciding the optimal reliability criteria for an optimal transmission system expansion planning. A deterministic reliability criteria, BRR (Bus Reserve Rate) is used in this study. The optimal reliability criteria, BRR/sup */, is decided at minimum cost point of total cost curve which is the sum of the utility cost associated with construction cost and the customer outage cost associated with supply interruptions for load considering bus reserve rate at load buses in long term forecasting. The characteristics and effectiveness of this methodology are illustrated by the case study using IEEE-RTS.