• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.903-911
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• 2019

The multi-utility tunnel is one of the essential social infrastructures, but it is difficult to establish the multi-utility tunnel due to the scale of the National Land Planning and Utilization Act (2 million square meters). In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of establishing the multi-utility tunnel in the existing city in order to activate the multi-utility tunnel installation. For the feasibility analysis, the scale was classified into four categories based on related laws, and related indicators were selected and evaluated using feasibility and economic analysis. Three kinds/four kinds of suitable multi-utility tunnel for the scale of the existing city were shown, and five kinds of multi-utility tunnel were considered suitable for the new city over 2 million square meters. The results of the overall score evaluation of the tunnel type of the existing city and the open type of the new city of 2 million square meters or more, which is the obligation to install the multi-utility tunnel, do not show much difference and suggest the validity of the installation of the multi-utility tunnel in various scale of the existing city.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2017

The road network system of major domestic urban areas such as city of Seoul was rapidly developed and regionally expanded. In addition, many kinds of life-lines such as electrical cables, telephone cables, water&sewerage lines, heat&cold conduits and gas lines were needed in order for urban residents to live comfortably. Therefore, most of the life-lines were individually buried in underground and individually managed. The utility tunnel is defined as the urban planning facilities for commonly installing life-lines in the National Land Planning Act. Expectation effectiveness of urban utility tunnels is reducing repeated excavation of roads, improvement of urban landscape; road pavement durability; driving performance and traffic flow. It can also be expected that ensuring disaster safety for earthquakes and sinkholes, smart-grind and electric vehicle supply, rapid response to changes in future living environment and etc. Therefore, necessity of urban utility tunnels has recently increased. However, all of the constructed utility tunnels are cut-and-cover tunnels domestically, which is included in development of new-town areas. Since urban areas can not accommodate all buried life-lines, it is necessary to study the feasibility assessment system for utility tunnel by urban patterns and capacity optimization for urban utility tunnels. In this study, we break away from the new-town utility tunnels and suggest a quantitative assessment model based on the evaluation index for urban areas. In addition, we also develop a program that can implement a quantitative evaluation system by subdividing the feasibility assessment system of urban patterns. Ultimately, this study can contribute to be activated the urban utility tunnel.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.63-76
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• 2013

Purpose - For the past several decades, behavioral economics or behavioral decision theory has undergone rapid development. This study provides a critical review of the development of behavioral economics with a focus on what are deemed to be core theories in the field. Starting from the utility function proposed by Daniel Bernoulli in the 18th century, the development history of utility functions until the emergence of the prospect theory is thoroughly reviewed. Some of the experimental results violating the traditionally assumed utility function and supporting the prospect theory value function are summarized. The most representative principles of rational choice are transitivity, independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA), and regularity. The development of behavioral economics has been triggered by finding counter-examples to these principles. Some of the choice behaviors discussed in this study as counter-examples to the traditional theories of rational choice are the St. Petersburg paradox; the Allais paradox; gambling behavior; and the various context effects including the similarity effect, attraction effect, and the compromise effect. The Elimination-by-Aspects (EBA) model, which was proposed as an explanation for the similarity effect, is discussed in detail as well. Based on the literature review and further analysis, this study summarizes the relationship between the context effects, prospect theory, and EBA model. Research design, data, and methodology - This study provides an extensive literature review on several important theories in the field of behavioral decision theory and adds some critical comments to the theories and the relationships among them. This study first reviews the development of utility functions. Daniel Bernoulli introduced the concept of utility function to solve the St. Petersburg paradox. In the mid-20th century, Herbert Simon proposed the "satisficing" heuristic and presented a value function with a shape different from traditional utility functions. This study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of several utility functions proposed until the emergence of the prospect theory value function. Results - This study posits that prospect theory and EBA model are the two most important theories in the field of behavioral decision theory. They can explain various choice behaviors that traditional utility maximization analysis has been unable to. The application of these models to various fields is further increasing nowadays. This study explains how prospect theory and the EBA model can be used to explain the context effects. Conclusions - The traditional economic theory relies on a single variable called "utility" in explaining consumer choice. However, this study argues that, in investigating consumer choice, several other variables should also be considered. These are the similarity among alternatives, an alternative's prototypicality within the category, the dominance relationship between alternatives, and the reference point in evaluating alternatives. Due to the development of behavioral economics, we are now closer to a more complete understanding of consumer choice behavior than in the past when we had only a single tool called utility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1665-1670
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to provide the characterization and method for producing anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies in egg-laying hens and to determine if the antibody can restrain the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 in-vitro. Selected antigenic fractions (whole cell, outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) from E. coli O157:H7 were injected to hens in order to produce anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies. The immune response and the egg yolk antibodies of laying hens against the whole cell, outer membrane protein and LPS antigens were monitored by ELISA. The level of antibodies against whole cell antigen monitored through ELISA sharply increased after the initial immunization, and it was found to be maximum on day 49 however, the level was maintained up to day 70. Antibodies (5 mg/ml) directed against the whole cell inhibited E. coli proliferation 10-13 times more than outer membrane protein or LPS. The antibody response against the whole cell antigens appeared to have higher activity in restraining the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 than antibody against outer membrane protein or LPS. Results reflected that increasing the IgY's in the egg yolk could prevent greater economic losses due to human and animal health from pathogenic bacteria i.e. E. coli O157:H7.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.484-488
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• 2001

The grid voltage of commercial utility power source hi Japan and USA is 100rms, but in China and European countries, it is 200rms. In recent years, In Japan 200Vrms out putted single phase three wire system begins to be used for high power applications. In 100Vrms utility AC power applications and systems, an active voltage clamped quasi-resonant Inverter circuit topology using IGBTs has been effectively used so far for the consumer microwave oven. In this paper, presented is a half bridge type voltage-clamped high-frequency Inverter type AC-DC converter using which is designed for consumer magnetron drive used as the consumer microwave oven in 200V utility AC power system. This zero voltage soft switching Inverter can use the same power rated switching semiconductor devices and three-winding high frequency transformer as those of the active voltage clamped quasi-resonant Inverter using the IGBTs that has already been used for 100V utility AC power source. The operating performances of the voltage source single ended push pull type Inverter are evaluated and discussed for consumer microwave oven. The harmonic line current components In the utility AC power side of the AC-DC power converter operating at ZVS­PWM strategy reduced and improved on the basis of sine wave like pulse frequency modulation and sine wave like pulse width modulation for the utility AC voltage source.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

As embedded system has strict cost and space constraints, it is impossible to apply conventional fault-tolerant techniques directly for increasing the dependability of embedded system. In this paper, we propose software fault-tolerant mechanism which requires only minimum redundancy of system component. We define an utility metric that reflects the dependability of each embedded system component, and then measure the defined utility of each reconfiguration combinations to provide fault tolerance. The proposed utility evaluation process shows exponential complexity. However we reduce the complexity by hierachical subgrouping at the software level of each component. When some components of embedded system are tailed, reconfiguration operation changes the system state from current faulty state to pre-calculated one which has maximum utility combination.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to suggest the most appropriate design concepts for sportive fashion product based on the analysis of consumers' acceptance of the recent sportive fashion trends according to their lifestyle. The subjects consisted of 295 males and females, between 17 and 35 year-old. A self-report questionnaire with 4 stimuli was employed for data gathering, and the data were analyzed by the methods of frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were summarized as follows: For the First, the recent sportive fashion trends were categorized into four groups; 'street- sportive' trend, 'futuristic-sportive' trend, 'ethnic-sportive' trend and 'urban-utility sportive' trend. Secondly, based on the result of cluster analysis on consumers' lifestyle, total four consumer groups were identified; 'pursuing sense' group, 'pursuing culture' group, 'pursuing utility' group, and 'indifference' group. Thirdly, the consumers relatively preferred two sportive styles among the four groups, typically representing 'urban-utility' trend and 'street' trend. The typical 'urban-utility' style was particularly preferred by the consumers who desired to express themselves as urban, modern, and luxurious. The typical 'street' style was preferred by the consumers who tried to express themselves as active and fashionable. Finally, preferences of the sportive trends according to consumers' lifestyle were interpreted as follows: the 'pursuing sense' group relatively preferred 'urbanutility' style and 'street' style, the 'pursuing culture' group preferred 'street' style and the 'pursuing utility' group preferred 'urban-utility' style, meaningwhile the 'indifference' group preferred 'street' style and 'urban- utility' style.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2008

The economics of most chemical plants are heavily dependent upon the management of the utilities used in the plants. The utilities are supplied by the centralized utility system of the plant. Among the various utilities the steam is by far the most important energy source and the management of the electricity and the process water are greatly affected by the steam. Therefore it is necessary to educate students and new employees the basic concepts about the effective distribution of the utilities and the fundamental strategies to apply the concepts in actual plant operations. The OOUS (Optimal Operation of Utility System) is an GUI educational system designed to educate the effective generation of the steam and the optimal steam distribution schemes within short period. The OOUS deals with various utility equipments and processes and shows how to save operation costs by displaying the optimal operation conditions based on the process models and the operational knowledgebase.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 2007

To achieve safe operation and to improve economics it is imperative to monitor and analyse demand and supply of utilities and to meet utility needs in time. The main objective of motor/turbine processes is to manipulate steam and electricity balances in utility plants. The optimal operation of motor/turbine processes is by far the most important to improve economics in the utility plant. In order to analyse motor/turbine processes, we need steady state models for steam generation equipments and steam distribution devices as well as turbine generators. In addition heuristics concerning various operational situations are required. The motor/turbine optimal operation system is based on utility models and operational knowledgebase and provides optimal operating conditions when the amount of steam demand from various steam headers is changed frequently. The optimal operation system also produces optimal selection of driving devices for utility pumps to reduce operating cost.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2006

Priority-based network service has been widely adopted for the Internet traffic management in the context of IETF differentiated services, and computing optimal prices for such priority-based service is the key topic in many pricing literature. While the equilibrium analysis has been commonly used to this end, many have criticized the validity of the underlying assumption of equilibrium analysis that user utility functions are precisely known. In this paper, we propose a solution for bridging the gap between the existing theoretical work on optimal pricing and the unavailability of precise user utility information in real networks. In the proposed method, the service provider obtains more and more accurate estimates of user utility functions from the initial imprecise knowledge by iteratively changing the price of service levels and observing the users' decisions under the changed price. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we have developed a general principle for estimating the user utility functions. Second, we have developed a novel method for setting the prices that can optimize the extraction of the knowledge about user utility functions. The extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.