• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2003

Lots of various utilities are buried under the surface. The effective management of underground utilities is becoming the very important subject for the harmonious administration of the city. Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) survey including other various underground survey methods, is mainly used to detect the position and depth of buried underground utilities. However, GPR is not applicable, under the circumstances of shallow depth and places, where subsurface materials are inhomogeneous and are composed of clay, salt and gravels. The aim of this study is to overcome these limitations of GPR and other underground surveys. High-frequency electromagnetic (HFEM) method is developed for the non-destructive precise deep surveying of underground utilities. The method is applied in the site where current underground surveys are useless to detect the underground big pipes, because of poor geotechnical environment. As a result, HFEM survey was very successful in detecting the buried shallow and deep underground pipes and in obtaining the geotechnical information, although other underground surveys including GPR were not applicable. Therefore this method is a promising new technique in the lots of fields, such as underground surveying and archaeology.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the perception about situation about school foodservice facilities and utilities in Chonbuk area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 222 dietitians. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: Among 222 school foodservice systems, 68.5% of schools prepared the meal with conventional way and 31.5% of with commissary way. As the results of condition of school foodservice facilities, there was significantly differences between conventional and commissary foodservice systems; wall and ceilings(p<0.05), lighting(p<0.05), kitchen ventilation(p<0.05), preparation facilities(p<0.01), washstands(p<0.05), dressing rooms for employees(p<0.001), rest, and showers(p<0.01). On the basis those result it was assumed that the status of facilities of conventional foodservice systems better than commissary ones. About 66% of conventional foodservice systems and 34.5% of commissary ones have conducted own dining rooms. As to situation of dining rooms, conventional foodservice systems had better facilities than commissary ones. Therefore, governmental regulation agencies have to review and approval of plans prior to new construction or extensive remodeling of school foodservice facilities. In addition, content analysis was conducted regarding to dietitian's opinions on foodservice facilities and utilities.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Recently, the complexity of underground utilities has increased and it has became more difficult to identify and manage information about all underground utilities due to changes such as road extension or building relocation. As a result, number of accidents related to underground utilities caused by excavation works or disasters are in rise, and naturally damages as well are increasing due to the accidents. Therefore, there is a need for a management system capable of easily registering or retrieving information of underground utilities from a remote place. In our previous work, we have developed a utility labelling system based on NFC (Near Field Communication) tag and a utility management system based on IoT (Internet of Things). However, in general, there are diverse communication devices and protocols in IoT environment. Therefore, in this paper, we propose management system and IoT gateway that enables smooth communication even in different types of devices based on the previous our work.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.347-361
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• 2023

Water utilities are making various efforts to reduce water losses from water networks, and an essential part of them is to recognize the moment when a pipe burst occurs during operation quickly. Several physics-based methods and data-driven analysis are applied using real-time flow and pressure data measured through a SCADA system or smart meters, and methodologies based on machining learning are currently widely studied. Water utilities should apply various approaches together to increase pipe burst detection. The most intuitive and explainable water balance method and its procedure were presented in this study, and the applicability and detection performance were evaluated by applying this approach to water supply pipelines. Based on these results, water utilities can establish a mass balance-based pipe burst detection system, give a guideline for installing new flow meters, and set the detection parameters with expected performance. The performance of the water balance analysis method is affected by the water network operation conditions, the characteristics of the installed flow meter, and event data, so there is a limit to the general use of the results in all sites. Therefore, water utilities should accumulate experience by applying the water balance method in more fields.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

A great number of people all over the world are using smart phones. Researchers develop innovative technology of App. It's make rapid progress now that the country's infrastructure is computerized, we expect IT Technological Convergence. In this paper, designs underground utilities management system based on mobile augmented reality technology, and architecture configuration, interface development. Proposal system minimizes overhead of smart devices belonging to engineer's representative using wireless personal area networks. Center Server technology manages transmitted data from engineer's representative, it monitors client data path. And it provies information processing capacity for event generation module. Such event has connotations of instability and uncertainty.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.401-410
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• 2010

This study identifies consumer satisfaction with medical services and the patient gowns of hospitals. Also analyzed are the elements that influence hospital satisfaction and the general satisfaction with patient gowns. A survey was conducted among Korean male and female ex-patients regardless of their age. A total of 513 responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, correlations, regression, and factor analysis derived from data collected in April and May, 2009. The results are as follows. The general satisfaction with the hospital recently visited was higher than the general satisfaction with all of the hospitals visited. The satisfaction with medical services were high in good services, trustful medical examinations, easy access to utilities, and clean utilities. Hospital satisfaction was determined by good services, trustful medical examinations, easy access to utilities, patient gowns, and fresh indoor air. The satisfaction factors of general patient gowns were determined as functionality, fabric/design, sewing, and the management system factors. The most important factor explaining patient gown satisfaction was fabric/design, and this was the most unsatisfied factor at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2001

The research into the field of managing urban utility information (such as gas pipes, power line, telecommunication utilities) is growing ever more important as the efficient management of social infra-structure gets higher and also with the fast technological progress made in nationwide scale of geo-spatial information systems. This research is focused on the collection of street utilities information in urban areas using aerial ortho-images. Until now this has been carried out by on site investigation and ground surveying methods. The result of this research shows that the geometric accuracy was obtainable within 12 cm referenced to 1/1,000 digital map. It was also possible to collect the street utilities which were described in the digital map as well as other information which were not.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.420-426
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• 2016

Climate change imposes a huge treat on the sustainability of our environment. One of the major reasons for the increasing impacts of climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, cooperative greenhouse gas emission reduction schemes with a general consensus are needed in order to reduce the impacts of climate change. Due to the strong link between greenhouse gas emission and economic development there is disagreement among countries on the designing and implementation of emission reduction plans. In this paper the authors proposed a two-stage concession game to analyze emission reduction plans and determine a balanced emission range that improves the utilities of the bargaining parties. Furthermore the game was applied to a hypothetical example. Our results from the case study indicated that even though the utilities of the bargaining parties is highly affected by emission reductions, after making concessions their utilities can be improved given their emission reductions are within in a certain desirable range. The authors hope that this article provides insights which could be useful for understanding emission reduction plans and their consequences on the negotiating parties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.539-549
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• 2007

To establish effective and prompt measures for energy conservation in public wastewater treatment plants in Korea, energy consumption rates in 233 utilities in 9 provinces and 7 metropolitan cities are investigated and compared to the rest of the world. Mean load factor for wastewater treatment utilities is 74.9% and those for influent pumps and aeration blowers are 56.2% and 61.0%, respectively. Mean electrical energy usages as the key performance indicators are $0.243kWh/m^3$ for overall sewage treatments and 2.07 kWh per unit kg BOD removal. Digester gas as one of major byproducts in the process amounts to $382,000m^3/day$ nationwide. While major part of the digester gas is used for sludge heating, only 7.3% of the gas is utilized for electricity generation. Both efficiencies for BOD removal and digestion gas generation are considerably lower than those in USA and EU utilities due to low concentration of organic material in influent wastewater. Such low energy regeneration, in turn, results in significantly higher energy consumption in Korean plants, compared to that in USA and EU ones.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.923-933
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• 2011

In this study, we derived seven customer value factors to evaluate the levels of service in wastewater utilities required by customers. Levels of service according to the customer value were categorized into environmental amenity, accessibility of wastewater service, affordability of wastewater charge, quality of wastewater service, health and safety of wastewater service provision, reliability and responsiveness of wastewater service provision, and satisfaction of customer service. To investigate the levels of wastewater service, questionnaires were prepared according to the customer value factors, and the questionnaire survey was performed with 800 adults in all over Korea including male and female samples. The comprehensive satisfaction score for the wastewater service was 57.5 points, indicating a slightly good satisfaction level. The detailed analysis of the result showed that the satisfaction level was high in the wastewater service accessibility and call center service provision but it was relatively low in the river water quality and nasty smell of wastewater. It was concluded that the quality of wastewater service and customer service satisfaction need to be elevated primarily in order to improve levels of wastewater service required by the customers.