• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2007

Performance indicators haven't been used for the assessment of the wastewater treatment facility or management in Korea yet, therefore they are going to be important parts in wastewater utilities because they are used to understand present situation and to compare one with other wastewater utilities. In this study, we used performance indicators to assess the condition of wastewater utilities and they were divided into four categories (A, B, C, and D). A category represented the condition of the planning & construction and composed of wastewater supply, disaster defence and employees. B category represented maintenance of wastewater utilities and were composed of manhole, sewer, and technical employees. C category showed the operation efficiency of wastewater utilities and D category represented the environmental load. To analyze the situation of wastewater utilities overall, cluster analysis was performed using four categori' es indicators. And CCC (Cubic Clustering Criterion) and R-square were used to decide the proper number of clusters, and wastewater utilities of 48 cities were divided into 5 groups(I, II, III, IV, and V groups). Each cluster was analyzed by average and standard deviation to understand the situation of wastewater utilities. A group analysis showed that IV and V clusters were insufficient, B group showed that I and IV groups were insufficient, C group showed all clusters are above average, and D group was also like C group.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조명전기설비학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.410-413
• /
• 2006

This paper describes the safety condition of power utilities installed on underground premises when flooding occurs. As advance preparations, the statistical data were investigated based on the rainfall trend; the flooding damage; the power utilities installation; the electric shock accidents, and domestic md foreign regulations pertaining to the power utilities installation on underground premises were also compared and analyzed. After the preliminaries, the safety condition of underground power utilities was inspected at site and the results were reflected on considering countermeasures. Based on the further studies, the regulations closely related to the underground power utilities installation can be modified.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.34-46
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate disinfection state and effective factors of foodservice facilities and utilities of elementary schools in Busan area. Foodservice facilities and utilities investigated in this study were ceiling, wall, floor, trench, greasetrap, hood, pest and dumb waiter. The questionnaire which was administered to 196 dietitians was used as a survey method. The results were as follows. The washing method of foodservice facilities and utilities was mainly used by detergent washing-natural dry. The disinfection method of foodservice facilities and utilities was mainly sanitized by sodium hypochlorite. Dumb waiter and hood were sanitized by 70% ethyl alcohol and iodine. In washing and disinfection frequencies of foodservice facilities and utilities ceiling was twice/year, wall, hood and pest control facilities were once/week, floor, trench, greasetrap and dumb waiter were everyday, respectively. Floor, trench, greasetrap and dumb waiter were disinfected properly, whereas ceiling, wall, hood and pest were not disinfected properly. The washing method was related to dietitian's marital status and education. The disinfection state was related to dietitian's age and career, having of sanitation check list. The disinfection method was also affected dietitian's marital status, number of employee, duration of foodservice, number of total serving and having of sanitation check list. Therefore based on the results of this study, it should be given to the microbiological study on disinfection of facilities and utilities such as ceiling, wall, floor, trench, greasetrap, hood, pest and dumb waiter and the dietitian and employee's sanitation training also should be conducted continuously.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 1995

도시의 급속한 팽창에 따라 지하매설물의 역할이 증대되고 기존에 구축된 자료로서는 정확도와 전산화 처리에 많은 어려움을 갖고 있고 특히 현장에서 기존의 지하매설물의 도면을 이용하기에는 많은 부정확성을 내포하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 도면 관리 방식에서 직접 현장에서 지형도와 지하매설물의 위치를 동시에 측량하므로서 정확도 향상과 전산화된 도면과의 접합이 가능한 방안을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 지형측량과 지하매설물 측량을 동시에 실시하여 자료를 수집하고 이 수집된 자료를 컴퓨터작업을 통해 도화하므로서 실제의 지하매설물의 위치와 심도 그리고 각각의 지하매설물에 대한 속성정보들을 제시하는데 있다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국측량학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 2004

Since 1995, One of the NGIS(National Geographic Information System) projects, the underground utilities project has been finished in 2003. The 19 cities in korea for this project will use underground utilities management system using underground utilities database focusing on water and sewage system. However, special expert, technical and experience problem in computer environment has not been had in working department for water and sewage management and maintenance for each local government. The management and maintenance of underground utilities database by manual method is getting lowered a data quality of underground utilities database because of the data omitting, error in writing and securing of the lasted database. Therefore, in this study, Application test for field workers using a mobile tool and environment analysis of wireless communication in Korea and application test of GPS receiver for mobile tools had been processed and made a mobile working environment. The efficient management and maintenance method for underground utilities database has been developed an off- line method for modification and update of database about general work which has a high working frequency because of the limitation of wireless communication environment Also, the emergency working has been applied for on-line method.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2020

도시가 확장되고 지하시설물 관련 공사가 늘어남에 따라 지하시설물 관로 네트워크를 3차원으로 분석할 수 있는 기술이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 국내에서는 2015년부터 15종의 지하정보(지하시설물, 지하구조물, 지반)를 3차원 기반 지하공간통합지도로 구축하는 사업을 진행하고 있다. 하지만 현재 3차원 지하시설물 구축은 수작업 기반으로서 구축 방법이 매우 복잡하고 지자체별 수백만 건이 넘는 대용량 데이터를 처리하기에는 시간과 비용이 많이 발생한다. 본 논문은 3차원 지하시설물 모델의 가공 및 갱신 자동화 구축 프레임워크를 제시함으로써 3차원 지하시설물 모델을 최소비용으로 신속하게 구축하는 방안을 수립하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 지하시설물 가공 및 부분갱신 자동화 기술들은 지하공간통합지도 구축사업에 즉시 현장적용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 RTK 시스템과 3D 게임엔진을 사용하여 지하 매설물의 각종 속성 정보를 실시간으로 DBMS로 저장하고 3D 뷰어에서 디스플레이 및 관리하기 위한 시스템 개발에 관하여 기술한다. 즉, 본 시스템은 RTK 시스템으로부터 측정 및 입력된 지하 매설물의 속성 값을 3D 게임엔진이 무선통신으로 입력받아 3D 뷰어에서 지하 매설물을 생성, 삭제 및 수정 등의 관리를 실시간으로 할 수 있게 한다. 지하 매설물에 대한 좌표는 GPS로 측정하는데, RTK 시스템을 위한 지적기준점은 기존의 도근점들 중 하나를 사용하고 이를 중심으로 보정 과정을 거친다. 3D 게임엔진은 RTK 시스템과의 무선통신, 지형 및 지하 매설물에 대한 3D 디스플레이, 지하 매설물의 속성 입력 및 등록 등 지하 매설물을 3D으로 관리하기 위한 기능들을 가지고 있다. 본 시스템은 지하 매설물의 부정확한 공간적 위치 좌표로 인한 각종 사고를 예방하고 정확한 관리를 할 수 있다는 면에서 응용 가능성이 매우 높으며, 신도시 개발을 시작하는 시점에서 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1819-1823
• /
• 2005

Incorrect information on public sites can cause serious problem. One of relevant countermeasures against this problem is to detect of buried underground utilities in real time. Although there have been several method to detect of buried underground utilities, such as investigating of gravity and elastic wave and electric field, they have not been so efficient tools. Because it is too expensive and difficult to use. In this paper, magnetic sensors which could provide an easier and more efficient method are used to detect of buried underground utilities. Also fluxgate method of self detection are used. Input signal is used $1\~10kHz$ frequency. Filtering and signal processing of output signal are used labview software. After experiment, detection system of buried underground utilities which used magnetic shows possibility of precise detecting of laying object based on theorectical analysis for electromagnetic field.

• 산업공학
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.237-248
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to make an economic analysis of power plant utilities by examining electricity generating costs with environmental consideration. Economic growth has caused pollutant emission, and subsequent environmental pollution has been identified as a very real limit to sustainable development. Considering the enormous role of electricity in the national economy, it is thus very important to study the effect of environmental regulations on the electricity sector. Because power utilities need large investments during construction, operation and maintenance, and also require much construction lead time. Economic analysis is the very important process in the electric system expansion planning. In this study, the levelized generation cost method is used in comparing economic analysis of power plant utilities. Among the pollutants discharged of the electricity sector, this study principally deals with the control activities related only to $CO_2$, and $NO_2$, since the control cost of $SO_2$, and TSP (Total Suspended Particulates) is already included in the construction cost of utilities. The cost of electricity generation in a coal-fired power plant is compared with one in an LNG combined cycle power plant. Moreover this study surveys the sensitivity of fuel price, interest rate and carbon tax. In each case, this sensitivity can help to decide which utility is economically justified in the circumstance of environmental regulations.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.325-334
• /
• 2011

Market Environment around water work industry is rapidly changing. ISO, International Organization for Standardization, announced the international water work service standard for comparison and evaluation between nations and businesses. And developed countries in water work are introducing market principle for growth of nation's water industry and reinforcement of its competitiveness. Also, some local governments entrusted their water utilities for improvement of competitiveness of water work. However, as some failure cases from overseas came out with emphasis, there are many refuting perspective about entrusted operation achievements of domestic water market. Hence, this paper evaluated competitiveness of domestic local water utilities from the perspective of productivity. After evaluating productivity using Malmquist productivity index, the authors compared and analyzed whether there is a difference of productivity between two different operating types by using Mann-Whitney test. As a result of analysis, it has shown that local water utilities achieved higher productivity at entrusted operation type rather than direct operation type. The local water utilities which chose entrusted operation had increased the productivity 13.9% on total factor productivity(TFP) during experimenting period, while the local water utilities which chose direct operation had increased 0.2%. The background of achieving this high productivity in entrusted operation was analyzed as a result of the higher technological effectiveness of a special water company. The result of this study can be referred when local government needs to decide on what operating types they will use.