• Survey Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-107
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• 2001

The contingent valuation method uses survey questions to elicit people's preferences for public goods by finding out what they would be willing to pay for specified improvement in them. The method is thus aimed at eliciting their willingness to pay in money amounts. It circumvents the absence of markets for public goods by presenting consumers with hypothetical markets in which they have the opportunities to buy the good In question. The hypothetical markets may be modeled after either a private goods market or a political market. Respondents are presented with material, often in the course of a personal interview conducted face to face. An on-site survey was conducted to 1107 randomly selected P-mountain users using a dichotomous choice questionnaire for the contingent valuation method. Seventeen different bid sets were chosen ranging from the lowest bid of 300won to the highest bid of 2, 100won to elicit a reasonable entrance fee in the hypothetical market. The probability of an individual user's willingness to pay for the suggested bid had been determined, and the expected value of willingness to pay was estimated using binary-1ogit model. The average public value of P-mountain per individual user was estimated to be 1,055.92won ~ 1,995.61won according to the binary-logit model. The economic value of this P-mountain which includes both use value and existence value can be determined by aggregating the average value giving total willingness to pay for the entire population, in this case 5.491 billion ~ 10.377 billion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.151-170
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• 2001

Pricing for e-journals has become more complex than before-certainly much more complex than print pricing has ever been. E-journals charge either a fiat fee based on print, user, library size, usage, and combination. A survey of publisher's pricing structure found that print based model is popular followed by user based model. The current pricing situation is far from equitable and can be improved if publishers can be coerced to change their pricing practices. This study focus on a number of possible pricing models that may supplement and/or possibly replace the current print based model. With the possibility that its pricing will eventually be based strictly according to usage, may lead to the most equitable pricing model as well as the most efficient use of society's resources. Libraries can alleviate the pricing problem by encouraging library organizations and university consortia to exploit their potential monopoly power into a bilateral monopoly situation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

A rental housing has a key role to supply the living space to non-ownership. A public rental housing is particularly aimed at providing the living space for the low-income households with a low rent fee. Therefore, the local government would try to maintain the facilities of the rental housing and to get the decent living condition. For getting the required living condition, it should make a maintenance plan, which contains the repair time, repair scope and targeted component and finishings. This study is aimed at providing the optimal repair time in 12 components and components of the rental housing which is controlled by the local government. The optimal repair time has two steps to get the final result. First, it would draw the 1'st repair time with the probabilistic and empirical approach. Second, comparing the drawn data and the service life, the optima repair time would be provided with considering the components' attributes. Result are as follows : First, the optimal repair time would be considered with the component attributes. There are user's convenience, its safety and physical aspect. Second, the kitchen utensils, elevator and water tap has a optimal time of 16, 19, 17 years respectively which is considered with physical aspect. In addition, the optima repair time of the wiring appliance and lighting equipment are 12 years and 10 years respectively.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1992

The objective of the present study is to review of the system, type of care and utility of the Geriatric Health Care Facility(GHCF) in Japan. Geriatric Health Care Facilities in Japan were started with subsidies from the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1987 to encourage return of the elderly from hospitals to their homes rather than other destinations such as nursing homes or hospitals. Concerning to the type of care, there is the difference between GHCF and other geriatric care facilities(i.e., geriatric hospital and nursing home). GHCF provides both medical and nursing care. The following services are available for the GHCF's user's. As institutional care services, rehabilitation training, ADL exercise, nursing care and management of medicine, are available. For the out-patients, supplying meals, taking a bath, and rehabilitation services, are also available. The medical treatment fee at the facilities is about US $ 1,500 per month. Expenses for meals, daily necessities, shall be borne by the recipient, Those expenses are about US $ 360 per month. In anticipation of the coming of the aging society, the Goverment must be formulated consecutively several vital policies of measures, especially GHCF, for the elderly in the future few years.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2005

Recently researches about multi-modal system has been studied widely and actively, Such multi-modal systems are enable to increase possibility of HCI(Human-computer Interaction) realization, enable to provide information in various ways and also enable to be applicable in e-business application, If ideal multi-modal system can be realized in future, eventually user can maximize interactive usability between information instrument and men in hands-free and eyes-free, In this paper, a new multi-modal browsing system using Java RMI as communication interface, which integrated by HTML browser and voice browser is suggested and also English-English dictionary search application system is implemented as example.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-56
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• 2005

This paper used two threshold approaches to measure the equity in urban households' out-of-pocket payments for health care from 1997 to 2002, which developed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer. One approach used catastrophic health expenditure, which means that payments exceed a 'pre-specified proportion' of total consumption expenditures or ability to pay and the other used impoverishment that they did not drive households into poverty. Indicies for 'catastrophic expenditure' captured intensity as well as its incidence and also the degree of which catastrophic payments occur disproportionately among poor households. Measure of poverty impact also captured both intensity and incidence. The methods applied with data on out-of-pocket payments from the Urban Household Expenditure Survey Incidence and intensity of catastrophic payments - both in terms of total household consumption as well as ability to pay - increased between 1997 and 2002, and that both incidence and intensity of 'catastrophic expenditure' became less concentrated among the poor, but more concentrated in 2001 than in 1997. The incidence and intensity of the poverty impact of out-of-pocket payments increased between 1997 and 2002. Health security system may not have provided financial protection against catastrophic health expenditure to low-income households, because of high user fee policy not considering income level. The policies alleviating catastrophic health payments among the poor need to be more developed, and two threshold approaches further evaluated on our policy context.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.30
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• pp.27-58
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify key obstacles to the adoption of electronic bill of lading and to suggest an effective way to promote the utilization of electronic bill of lading in international trade field. This study finds that all the respondants have not used 'true' electronic bill of lading that is issued and distributed electronically, and most of them agreed the needs of e-B/L adoption, but their intentions to adopt e-B/L remain very low in the present situation. Five obstacles to the adoption of e-B/L were derived from an explanatory factor analysis: 'integration' factor, 'law institution' factor, 'usability' factor, 'economic efficiency' factor, and 'security' factor. Solutions to promote the utilization of e-B/L in international trade field are as follows; Firstly, to endow e-B/L with the legal force through amending relevant laws including the commercial law. Secondly, to conclude the relevant international agreement, and to carry out joint projects between nations are needed. Thirdly, to conduct publicity campaigns is required to increase the understanding of the concepts and benefits of e-B/L to all concerned parties. Fourthly, stable and reliable system must be constructed with high level security. Fifthly, to readjust the service fee of e-B/L system to a realistic level is to be needed in order for user companies to use e-B/L service.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.29
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• pp.27-63
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze the document delivery service(DDS) of the academic libraries and suggest its improvement model in Korea. DDS means providing copies of information requests in any format and from any source. And DDS is gaining in importance as libraries turn to 'just-in-time' access rather than 'just-in-case' collection to meet user information needs. By good fortune, rising journal subscription prices, declining financial resources, canceling some of journal subscriptions, electronic transmission technologies, and the rise of commercial document delivery services have allowed libraries to begin to deliver articles to users in a much more rapid and acceptable time frame. Therefore, the library paradigm for the 2000s must be the creation of new document delivery structures which capitalize on the access tolls and structures created by librarians during the past generations. First of all, library-based document service requires a close review of existing library-to-library delivery mechanisms, application of technology to transfer of facsimiles of materials and facilitated use of existing fee-based document sources. The ideal document delivery system would feature a transparent, seamless electronic service incorporating searching and browsing identification and marking of desired items, and transmission and fulfillment of requests. And requested items would be supplied from library collection, commercial suppliers, or other sources. But the future of DDS will succeed when physical resources, policies, personnel, and practices are organized to provide timely information delivery to users.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2008

Recently, newly built apartments in Korea are provided various home automation (HA) systems based on information technology(IT) for residents' safer, healthier and more convenient living. However, the residents in these digital apartments are often not able to use the home automation systems effectively because of lack of their IT knowledge, attitude, or education. However, there are few researches have been done to find out the HA systems' real problems with regard to residents' aspects who use those systems everyday. The purpose of this study was to find out residents' current uses, satisfaction level and existing problems of HA systems by residents' POE. The findings of this study will give useful information to digital home construction companies to provide user-friendly digital home services for increasing users' satisfaction. One distinctive apartment equipped with home automation systems located in Seoul was selected for in-depth personal interview. The researcher developed a survey instrument and collected the data from 58 residents in January, 2007 who had been living there for more than a year. The results of the study found that critical problems were existed in several systems and they caused a lot of dissatisfaction from the residents. Also, some residents do not use several systems although they need to use them due to the burden of maintenance fee. Further detail findings and suggestions of this study were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.59-71
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• 2002

Korean government, port and logistics companies have given a lot of their efforts to exchange electronic documents between themselves and their partners. As the results of them, Korean EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) standards were made by Korean EDIFACT committee and the standards have been used by companies and governmental organizations in Korea. However, Korean port and logistics EDI system is based on YAN(Value Added Network) and one VAN company has monopolistic right to relay EDI documents to Korean HOMAF(Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries) and Customs Service. Therefore it leads to a lot of problems such as inconvenient software, expensive transmission fee, insufficient improvement of business process and the difficulty of connection with the in-house systems of user companies. For solving these problems, this study is aimed to progress for XML and XML-based electronic commerce framework. This paper shows a optimal XML/EDl method using XML/EDl, BizTalk Framework, ebXML Framework. Fer improving extant problems in port and logistics industry, this paper proposed XML/EDl system based on system architectural level, support technical level, business infrastructure level.