• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.183-202
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• 2009

This study estimates the port waiting cost of international trade ports in Korea by an opportunity cost approach. In the next step, we present a method to assess the levels of port services by the average waiting cost of ships derived from the results of the first step. Because the port waiting cost reflects the social cost, it is difficult to use as a service indicator even though it is the decision support information for a particular port facility expansion. The percentages of waiting ships and time also are insufficient indicators to reflect only the quantitative aspects by the time. However, the average waiting cost of ships in this study can be utilized as a service indicator to reflect waiting time and the loss of economic value simultaneously. It is also very useful information for a shipper and a carrier to select a port. Based on the average waiting cost of ships in 2007, it is analyzed in order of lowest service ports sequentially such as Pyeongtaek-Dangjin, Pohang, Donghae, and Samcheonpo. It is different from the sequential order of ports by the port waiting cost such as Pohang, Incheon, Gwangyang, Pyeongtak-Dangjin, and Ulsan. The port waiting cost is to a port authority as a key indicator what the average waiting cost of ships is to a port user as a useful indicator to evaluate the levels of port services.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2020

In this study, we created a system that can determine the number of vehicles entering and departing a charging station in real time for solving waiting time problems during refueling. Accordingly, we use the You Only Look Once object detection algorithm to detect and count the number of vehicles in the charging station and send the data to the Firebase Realtime Database. The result is shown using an Android application that provides a map function with the Kakao Maps API at the user interface side. Our system has an accuracy of 91% and an average response time of 3.1 s. Therefore, this system can be used by drivers to determine the availability of a charging station and to identify the charging station with the least waiting time for charging their vehicle.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

This paper presents our performance evaluation after the way of minimizing waiting times between channel switching for eMBMS(evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services) technique in LTE-Advanced systems. Existing composition of MBMS using IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol) transfers the data with Multicast from BM-SC(Broadcast Multicast Service Center) to eNB(evolevd Node B) and with Broadcast from eNB to UE(User Equipment). Therefore, in case of channel switching, IGMP Join report should be transferred to BM-SC and then wait user's contents to be retransferred from eNB. To achieve this, Subscriber Channel technique of priorities is used for minimizing waiting times between channel switching as UE broadcasts favorite channels in advance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.122-130
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• 1999

The main purpose of this project is to improve the funeral and grave culture which has brought about many social problems, and to fix the crematory culture as the future funeral ceremony in our country. In this study, we first investigated the actual condition of cremation culture. Second, we survey three representative crematorium as an object of study and investigated similar sample buildings in Japan, we analyzed the problem of existing crematorium. Finally, we arranged the basics to approach the space program and design criteria of this project. 1. The entrance of vehicles has been commonly concentrated to the opening time of crematorium. therefore, Peak time has come out as circulation of cremation and waiting time is increasing, also it is difficult to manage the congestion normally. 2. The whole problem of crematorium is poor environment, inferior buildings, noise, unsatisfactory ventilation and privacy, insufficient convenience facilities. 3. The user demand on the crematorium facilities is a private family room for waiting area, a farewell room for family members in a direct line, an outdoor rest area, and the various service facilities, and so on. 4. For improvement of the funeral and grave culture, it is necessary that crematorium is not a hatred facilities, as the conversion of consciousness, and to new shape of charnel as it wore family tomb.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

Instant messaging(IM) service is one of the useful communication means in the Intemet for exchanging simple messages between users. Usually, IM service is coupled with Presence service which provides status information of users. In this case, instant messages are sent and received directly between on-line users. Therefore, messages could not be exchanged when users are in off-line state. In this paper, We have implemented SIP based Instant Messaging System which includes message server that can store and manage instant messages. With this message server, messages could be exchanged legalness of user states. Furthermore, our system includes message waiting indication event package which provides useful informations about messages in the message server. And this system also includes the Caller Preference capabilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.152-159
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• 2008

In this paper, we have studied a new method in which multimedia message can be processed effectively in SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)-based Instant Messaging service. Total system is composed of multimedia message server, presence server and user system. To provide effectively message informations such as number of messages stored in the multimedia message server, waiting status and message types to users, we have proposed a new method which can be a substitute for message waiting indication event package. In our proposed method, when changes of messages status informations occur, these informations are sent to the presence server, and can be transferred as a separate tag within notification message. The presence server processes subscription requests and notifications, and efficiency can be improved as it provides both message status informations and several communication status informations such as on-line status to service users. Partial publication is used in our system to improve data transfer efficiency more between user system and the presence server. The performance of our proposed model is evaluated by experiments measuring multimedia message transfer speed and server processing time.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.20-28
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• 2013

This study attempts to grasp outpatients' demands for interior space of outpatients departments through evaluating them. Six departments in H general hospital such as surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, obstetrics, and urology, were evaluated. Evaluating items were consisted of ones related to spatial layout, furniture, interior climate, color and finishes, and dressing room of each waiting area, doctor's room and treatment room in six departments. The subjects were 210 outpatients who were using one of six departments. The results were ; 1) The outpatients evaluated very high interior space of waiting areas in six departments. 2) They evaluated doctor's rooms to be relatively high. However, visual privacy in there was not enough met. 3) The treatment room was also evaluated relatively high. However, furniture and equipment arrangement, consideration for patients and a dressing room were evaluated relatively low. 4) The outpatients' evaluation was significantly different by their gender and age. The male evaluated them higher than the female. Also, the older patients evaluated them higher than the younger. 5) The outpatients responded that ventilation, comfort interior, and space arrangement were very important elements in healthcare facility design.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.398-403
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• 2008

Data broadcasting is a mechanism to transmit information to clients in simplex transmission environments. In this mechanism, server transmits to repeat all information to all users and users use a necessary data when the data is transmitted. Therefore users are waiting the necessary data until the data is transmitted. It is important to reduce user's waiting time. Server schedules the data to reduce waiting time. In this paper, we study efficient data scheduling algorithm. The result shows that the performance of the proposed method is increased 13 percent compared to the method considering only request frequency.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.64-74
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• 2014

This study attempts to evaluate the interior space of outpatient department of general hospital in aspects of nurses. The subjects are 97 nurses who work in outpatient department of H general hospital, Busan. Evaluating items are ones related to space layout, furniture, interior climate, color and finishes of outpatient department. Also, evaluating spaces are waiting area, doctor's room, treatment room, nurse station, and resting and dressing area for nurses in outpatient department. The results are ; 1) The space layout type of outpatient area in general hospital which each department consists of waiting area, doctors offices, treatment room and etc. was evaluated positively by nurses. 2) The waiting area and doctor's room was evaluated relatively positive, the treatment room was more negatively than these two rooms. But nurse related spaces such as nurse station and resting and dressing room were evaluated relatively negative. 3) In aspects of interior elements, furniture, and color and finishes were rated to be relatively positive. However, air conditions were rated negatively. 4) The finishes and dressing area in treatment room were rated relatively low. This would be a basic data for planning the outpatient area of general hospital.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1622-1631
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• 2007

To realize the wireless packet scheduler which efficiently considers both the effect of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme due to variable wireless communication channel information from physical layer and the QoS differentiation of multimedia services from internet protocol (IP) layer, this paper proposes a new downlink AMC-based priority queuing (APQ) scheduler which combines AMC scheme and service priority method in multimedia services at the same time. The result of numerical analysis shows that the proposed APQ algorithm plays a role in increasing the number of services satisfying the mean waiting time requirements per each service in multimedia services because the APQ scheme allows the mean waiting time of each service to be reduced much more than existing packet scheduler having only user selection processor.