• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim of study was to investigate the racial or ethnic differences in FDA-approved medications. Methods: Data on racial-based differences of drugs in PDR (Physician's Desk Reference) were analyzed by searching with keywords, "ETHNIC" and "RACE". Results: There were descriptions related to "ETHNIC" in product directions of 53 cases and "RACE" in 266 cases in 2010 PDR. After excluding 30 cases of duplicates, 289 cases were shown of which 28 cases were verified to demonstrate racial or ethnic differences. Drug category showing the higher racial or ethnic differences was cardiovascular drugs (7), followed by alimentary tract and metabolism drugs (6), nervous system drugs (5), and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (3). Pharmacokinetic differences between race and ethnicity were observed most frequently; differences in AUC or Cmax showed in 15 drugs and clearance differences in 7 drugs. Conclusions: This study identified the racial differences in medication usage in PDR. Therefore, the results can contribute to safe use of medication in real clinical settings in regards to the racial or ethnic differences.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.158-163
• /
• 2000

Over the past several years, countless patients have benefitted from the use of leeches in microsurgery. As we know, leeches are used to overcome the problem of venous congestion by creating prolonged localized bleeding uniquely characteristics of leech bite. Venous congestion, a common complication of digital replantation, often has been treated through surgical repair like arteriovenous anastomosis. The leech produces a number of important substances which contribute to the special property of the bite, including an anticoagulant, a local vasodilator and local anesthetics. The bite usually bleeds for 1 to 2 hours and under special circumstances may bleed for up to 24 hours. So venous congestion is relieved. However, leeches increase the possibility of infection through their gut content. Infection associated medical leech application is significant risk. Other risk include allergic reaction, adverse psychologic reaction and blood loss requiring transfusion. The 65 cases of medical leech application were performed between August, 1997 and May, 2000 according to an established protocol. The complication were 18 cases ; infection (13 cases), hemorrhage (2 cases), allergic reaction (1 case), psychologic problem (1 case) and hypochromic anemia (1 case). Then our study was performed on the base of indication. As a result, Aeromonas hydrophilia was cultured from gut of medical leech and Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were cultured from media. We present the clinical risk-benefit of the medical leech therapy through several cases following digital replantation.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
• /
• pp.138-140
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of spatial resolutions on the accuracy to landslide susceptibility mapping. For this, landslide locations were identified in the Boun, Korea from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys. The topographic, soil, forest, geologic, linearment and land use data were collected, processed and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and remote sensing data. The 15 factors that influence landslide occurrence were extracted and calculated from the spatial database with 5m, 10m, 30m, 100m and 200m spatial resolutions. Landslide hazardous area were analysed and mapped using the landslide-occurrence factors by probability model, likelihood ratio, for the five cases spatial resolutions. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data. In the cases of spatial resolution 5m, 10m and 30m, the verification results was similar, but in the cases of 100m and 200m the results worse than the others. Because the scale of input data was 1:5,000 ? 1:50,000, so the cases of 5m, 10m and 30m have similar accuracy but the cases of 100m and 200m have the lower accuracy. From this, there is an effect of spatial resolutions on accuracy and landslide susceptibility mapping the result is dependent on input map.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.565-570
• /
• 2019

Benign biliary strictures are uncommon in children. Classically, these cases are managed surgically, however less invasive approaches with interventional radiology and or endoscopy may have similar results and improved safety profiles While benign biliary strictures have been described in literature on several occasions in young children, (most older than 1 year and once in an infant 3 months of age), all reported cases were managed surgically. We present two cases of benign biliary strictures in infants less than 6 months of age that were managed successfully with novel non-invasive procedures and a review of all current pediatric cases reported in the literature. Furthermore, we describe the use of a Rendezvous procedure, which has not been reported as a treatment approach for benign biliary strictures.

• 항공우주의학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2020

In accordance with ICAO SARPs, the states should implement appropriate aviation-related health promotion for airmen subject to an aviation medical examination to reduce future medical risks to flight safety. We aimed to analyze the results of the aviation medical examination to use as objective evidence for establishing an aviationrelated health promotion plan. The results of the final issuance of airmen medical certificate from 2015~2017 were collected from the e-sky computer system. The 30 cases (0.3%) in 2015, 22 cases (0.2%) in 2016, 38 cases (0.3%) in 2017 were unfit for flight duty. The 34 unfit out of the total 90 cases were renewal physical examinations. The cardiovascular disease was most commonly in 11 cases, followed by 8 tumors, 4 psychiatric diseases, 3 ophthalmic diseases, 2 respiratory diseases, 2 neurologic diseases, 2 otolaryngological diseases, 1 endocrine disease and 1 digestive disease. The results of this study can be used as objective data in aviation-related health promotion plan. The health promotion activities based on objective data can contribute to improving aviation safety by improving the lifestyles of airmen.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of LGBT cultural competence in nurses. This study used Walker and Avant's 8 steps of conceptual analysis. The specific steps are: (1) selecting the concept, (2) selecting the purpose of concept analysis, (3) identifying the scope of concept use, (4) identifying the determinant attributes of the concept, (5) presenting model cases, (6) additional cases of the concept (boundary cases, opposite cases, and related cases), (7) identifying antecedents and consequences, and (8) presenting empirical evidence. As a result, five attributes of nurses' LGBT cultural competence were identified in the final 12 articles: cultural experience and cultural acceptance, cultural knowledge, cultural attitude and awareness, and cultural skills. Antecedents included diversification of society, heteronormative healthcare environment, continuing education and training, intercultural understanding, and open-mindedness. Outcomes of cultural competence were identified as reducing LGBT health inequalities and providing quality care. In conclusion, this study contributes to providing a basis for improving the quality of nursing care by providing more culturally appropriate care to the target population through conceptual analysis and understanding of nurses' LGBT cultural competence. Furthermore, it is necessary to continue research on the development of tools to measure nurses' LGBT cultural competence and the development of nursing intervention programmes that can be applied in nursing practice.

• 대한수사과학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.32-51
• /
• 2007

연쇄강력범죄가 빈발하면서 관련분야에 대한 논의와 관심이 증대되고 있는 가운데 본 연구는 유영철 연쇄살인사건에 대해 분석해 보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 첫째, 유영철의 범행과정을 계획적 침입살인인 부유층 노인 살인사건, 무계획적 우발살인인 황학동 노점상 살인사건, 계획적 유인살인인 직업여성 살인사건으로 나누어 살펴보고 둘째, 범행동기 범행대상 범행시간과 장소 범행수단과 방법을 분석해보고 셋째, 유영철 사건의 프로파일링기법에 대한 평가와 경찰수사의 문제점에 대해 살펴보았다. 유영철 연쇄살인사건은 첫째, 범행동기는 부자와 노인, 여성에 대한 증오, 질병과 사망에 대한 공포 등이 복합적으로 작용한 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 범행대상은 부유층 주택 노인, 노점상, 출장마사지와 전화방 도우미로 일하는 직업여성이었고, 피해자 수는 부유층 주택 노인 살인의 경우 4건의 범행에 남성 3명, 여성 5명이고, 노점상 살인은 1건의 범행에 남성 1명이며, 직업여성 살인은 11건의 범행에 여성 11명으로 총 16건에 20명이 살해되었다. 셋째, 범행시간은 부유층 주택 노인 살인의 경우 오전 10시에서 12시 사이에 일어났고, 직업여성의 경우 늦은 밤이나 새벽에 일어났으며, 범행 장소는 부유층 노인 살인의 경우는 강남구 신사동 삼성동, 종로구 구기동 혜화동의 밖에서 안이 잘 보이지 않는 100평 이상의 주택이었고, 직업여성 살인의 경우는 마포구 노고산동에 위치한 자신의 오피스텔이었다. 마지막으로 범행수단과 방법은 잭나이프는 위협수단으로 사용하고 자신이 직접 만든 해머로 두부 및 안면부를 가격하여 살해하였으며, 부유층 주택 노인 살인의 경우는 증거를 인멸하기 위해 강도로 위장하거나 방화를 하였고, 직업여성의 경우 사체를 토막 내어 암매장하였다. 일반적으로 연쇄살인사건에 있어서 각각의 연쇄살인 속에 나타나는 특징이나 동기, 목적, 과정이 모두 다르며 동일한 수법으로 연쇄살인을 저지른 경우도 있지만 그렇지 않은 경우도 많다. 다른 범죄와는 달리 연쇄살인은 살인범의 특성이나 취향이 많이 다르기 때문에 하나의 특정화된 모델만을 가지고 연쇄살인을 설명하는 데 무리가 따르게 된다. 각각의 연쇄살인 사건마다 나타난 특징을 정확하게 잡아서 자기 것으로 만들어야 하며, 연쇄살인범이 어떠한 생각을 가지고 살인을 저지르게 되었는지에 관한 심리적으로나 사고적으로 따라 가보는 추적상상의 과정이 반드시 같이 진행되어야만 한다. 연쇄살인과 같이 어려운 대상을 연구하고 이를 수사하기 위해서는 다양한 기법과 기술, 그리고 관련된 지식을 갖추고 있어야 한다. 이는 제도적인 노력과 함께 개별적인 노력도 함께 병행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한응급의학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2018

Objective: This paper reports the status of the advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) according to the guidelines by residents belonging to other departments other than the department of emergency medicine. The differences in status between the junior group and senior group was also investigated according to grades of residents. Methods: The ACLS performance for in-hospital cardiac arrest cases of one academic hospital, except for the cases occurring in intensive care unit between November 2015 and October 2017, were analyzed retrospectively. Data included the characteristics of residents, patients' outcomes, ACLS performance, and conventional treatment having discordance with the ACLS guidelines. Leaders during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were divided into a junior group and senior group. Results: A total of 152 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, 131 cases (86.2%) showed at least one treatment with inconsistency from the guidelines and the incidence of discordant treatment was similar in the two groups (55 [85.9%] vs. 76 [88.4%], P=0.657). Implicit use of sodium bicarbonate was more frequent in the senior residents group (odds ratio [OR], 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-6.81). On the other hand, no use of a defibrillator was less frequent in the senior residents group (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03-0.81). Conclusion: In both groups, the rate of discordance with the ACLS guidelines during CPR were high. The rate of implicit use of sodium bicarbonate and no use of defibrillator were significantly different in the two groups. A customized education strategy for ACLS is needed for each group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.4665-4667
• /
• 2012

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Laos women and a screening programme, even with the PAP smear test (PAP test), has yet to be established for routine use. The Pap test is accepted as the most appropriate for cervical cancer screening in some settings but it is not commonly available in Laos hospitals, because there are few cytopathologists and gynecologists have little experience. As a pilot program, seminars for the PAP test were given in 2007 and 2008, and then PAP tests were carried out using self-sampling instrument (Kato's device) with 200 healthy volunteers in Setthathirath hospital, Laos, in 2008. The actual examination number was 196, divided into class I 104 (53.1%), class II 85 (43.3%), class IIIa 4 (2.0%), class IIIb 1 (0.5%), and class V 1 (0.5%) by modified Papanicolau classification. Four cases had menstruation. There were 6 cases with epithelial cell abnormalities including malignancy. There were 7 cases with fungus and 2 cases with trichomonas in Class II. More than 70% volunteers felt comfortable with the Kato's device and wanted to use it next time, because of the avoidance of the embarrassment and a low cost as compared with pelvic examination by gynecologists. This first trial for PAP test for healthy Laos women related to a hospital found three percent to have abnormal cervical epithelial cells. Therefore, this appraoch using a self-sampling device suggests that it should be planned for cervical cancer prevention in Laos.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2002

In current CBR(Case-Based Reasoning) systems, the case adaptation is usually performed by rule-based method that use rules hand-coded by the system developer. So, CBR system designer faces knowledge acquisition bottleneck similar to those found in traditional expert system design. In this thesis, 1 present a model for learning method of case adaptation knowledge using case base. The feature difference of each pair of cases are noted and become the antecedent part of an adaptation rule, the differences between the solutions in the compared cases become the consequent part of the rule. However, the number of rules that can possibly be discovered using a learning algorithm is enormous. The first method for finding cases to compare uses a syntactic measure of the distance between cases. The threshold fur identification of candidates for comparison is fixed th the maximum number of differences between the target and retrived case from all retrievals. The second method is to use similarity metric since the threshold method may not be an accurate measure. I suggest the elimination method of duplicate rules. In the elimination process, a confidence value is assigned to each rule based on its frequency. The learned adaptation rules is applied in riven target Problem. The basic. process involves search for all rules that handle at least one difference followed by a combination process in which complete solutions are built.