• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Outcome of liver transplantation for children with end liver disease has been improved markedly during last two decades. Improvement of immunosuppressive agent and its strategy to use in children, development of innovative surgical technique, and better understanding of the course of liver transplantation attributed to better outcome of pediatric liver transplantation. Therefore this review article will focus on the problems which can occur during pre- and post-transplantation period, current strategy to use immunosuppressive agent for the better understanding of pediatrician who is not involved in transplantation but takes care of the children pre- and postoperatively.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-174
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aims to develop, verify, and suggest outcome indicators for advanced practice nurses (APNs) in order to clarify their usefulness. Methods: To develop outcome indicators, the following methods were applied: reviewing literature intended to identify preliminary outcome indicators; surveying outcome indicators currently used for APNs and collecting the opinions from representatives of the professionals in clinical practice; verifying the content validity of preliminary outcome indicators by professionals and verifying the preliminary outcome indicators with 252 APNs. Results: Suggested outcome indicators are categorized into 84 items in total. Of these, the number of outcome indicators commonly appearing across disciplines was 18, mostly related to satisfaction and education. A majority of other outcome indictors exhibiting high relevance to individual disciplines are associated with care, including critical care (19 items), oncologic care (9 items) and emergency care (10 items). Conclusion: As the outcome indicators identified in this study are available to demonstrate the usefulness of APNs, it is recommended that future studies need to select and use appropriate outcome indicators according to characteristics and conditions of the discipline under examination. In addition, it is necessary to validate whether the suggested outcome indicators reflect adequately the practices of APNs.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2022

This study investigates the effects of different types of digital informatization (i.e. access, skill, utilization) on life satisfaction. The mediation effects of the outcome of digital device use between digital informatization and life satisfaction are also tested. The '2020 Survey on the Digital Divide' conducted by the National Information Society Agency was referenced for empirical analysis. The findings show that in general, digital informatization contributes to improving life satisfaction. In addition, the outcome of digital device use mediates the positive relationship between digital informatization and life satisfaction. However, the magnitudes of the effects of digital informatization and mediation effects differed according to the types of digital informatization. This study supports the necessity and justification for a digital informatization policy and provides valuable information that helps establish and promote digital informatization policies. In addition, this study helps to understand the determinants of the third-level digital divide information by examining the relationship between digital informatization and the outcome of digital device use.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.656-679
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• 2022

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the fidelity of stroke stage reporting, the timeliness of the outcome measures, and the use of the core outcome set. Methods: We searched the literature using 6 domestic databases. We selected studies that used Korean medicine interventions and targeted stroke patients with motor sequelae. We examined whether the included studies reported the stroke stage and whether they used the outcome measures in the appropriate period based on the recommendations of the "Stroke Evidence Database to Guide Effectiveness". We also confirmed the use of the essential assessment tools suggested by the core outcome set. Results: Overall, 77 studies were finally selected, with 16 (21%), 55 (71%), and 6 (8%) published on the acute, subacute, and chronic phases, respectively. Only 11 of the studies directly mentioned the stroke stage. The most commonly used assessments were the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Modified Barthel Index, and Manual Muscle Testing. Only 5 studies failed to apply the stage-related outcome measures at the recommended period. The outcome variables used inadequately were the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Functional Ambulation Categories, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Among the core outcome set items, some studies used liver and renal function tests, but no herbal medicine safety reporting was conducted. Conclusions: In future studies, we propose to ensure accurate reporting of the stroke stage with reliable outcome measures to deliver better clinical and research outcomes. Furthermore, in future clinical studies on stroke, a standard protocol that reflects the core outcome set should be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of gait training with the use of an electromechanical gait trainer with functional electrical stimulation (FES) for patients that had undergone subacute stroke. Methods: The study subjects included nine subacute stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul, Korea. Outcome was measured using the timed Up and Go test, Fugl-Meyer-L/E assesment, with determination of the comfortable maximal gait speed, composite spasticity score, functional ambulatory category and Berg balance scale. All measured scores were recorded before, during, and after rehabilitation and at an eight-week follow-up. Results: Patients who received electromechanical-assisted gait training in combination with FES after subacute stroke were more likely to achieve independent walking, functional activities, balance and gait speed. Conclusion: The outcome of our gait-training program demonstrates that it may be practical to integrate FES into electromechanical gait training without any adverse effects. However, further randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate if patient outcome after combined training is superior to outcome after the use of electromechanical gait trainer treatment alone or conventional gait training alone.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4091-4094
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• 2014

Background: This study used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) bronchioaveolar carcinoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparity in outcomes. Materials and Methods: Socio-economic, staging and treatment factors were assessed. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict cause specific survival. The area under the ROC was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate modeling errors. Risk of cause specific death was computed for the predictors for comparison. Results: There were 7,309 patients included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 24.2 (20) months. Female patients outnumbered male ones 3:2. The mean (S.D.) age was 70.1 (10.6) years. Stage was the most predictive factor of outcome (ROC area of 0.76). After optimization, several strata were fused, with a comparable ROC area of 0.75. There was a 4% additional risk of death associated with lower county family income, African American race, rural residency and lower than 25% county college graduate. Radiotherapy had not been used in 2/3 of patients with stage III disease. Conclusions: There are socio-economic disparities in cause specific survival. Under-use of radiotherapy may have contributed to poor outcome. Improving education, access and rates of radiotherapy use may improve outcome.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.144-150
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• 2013

Before Outcome-based curriculum reform, medical graduate school and medical schools of korea need to understand limit or threshold of outcome-based education's point of view. This article examines the multi-dimensional concept of competence suggested by Stoof and colleagues and discusses about implication for outcomebased education in medical education of Korea. Because Stoof and colleagues's five dimensions of competence reveal various concepts and educational methods of competence. Therefore, It is possible to use to identify the strengths and weaknesses of outcome-based education of Korea as a reference standard. Five dimensions of competence suggested by Stoof and colleagues is consist of 'personal vs. task characteristics,' 'individual vs. distributed competence,' 'specific vs. general competence,' 'levels of competence vs. competence as a level,' and 'teachable vs. non-teachable.' Implication for outcome-based education in medical education of Korea is, first, that It should recognize to outcome-based education as a one of educational models approaching to competence. Second, discussion about competence should be expanded from pre-medical education to graduated medical education and continuing medical education.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-58
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• 2009

This paper is an empirical study especially to understand recent Chinese internet banking users' behavior and intentions through the process quality, outcome quality, customer satisfaction, reuse and word of mouth on internet banking service. The results of this study are as follows. First, percieved process quality of internet banking service affects the outcome quality, and both quality have a direct relation to customer satisfaction. It is found that Chinese internet users perceive a difference between process quality and outcome quality of internet banking service. And the reuse of the internet banking is decided by customer satisfaction as well as the word of mouth of the internet banking. For successful internet banking business in China, internet marketers should recognize that the service quality consists of the process quality and the outcome quality, and they should organize a new campaign that takes this information into consideration. And considering the process quality effect, they should pay attention to service process as well as the direct merit of services.. And if an internet banking service properly meets customer demands, internet users would constantly use internet services and would share good experiences with their neighbors. Therefore the result of our study will be of working-level help for financial company in China.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2009

In July 2008, The National Police Hospital has developed the CPOE system(Computerized Physician Order Entry system) which links the medicine master and introduced the new program for the injectable antimicrobial agents. After introducing new system, we wanted to check the management of oral antimicrobial agents. Because new system has limitation that new system control only the use of the injectable antimicrobial agents. So we tried to evaluate the use of oral levofloxacin, which was chosen by a medical specialist of the infection. We retrospectively analyzed the appropriateness of oral levofloxacin through EMR(Electric Medical Record) of 72 inpatients who received oral levofloxacin in National Police Hospital in December 2008. We applied the modified ASHP(American Society of Health- System Pharmacists) DUE(Drug Use Evaluation) criteria, which is composed of justification of drug use, critical indicators, complications and outcome measures. Acceptable cases of use of levofloxacin were 67(93.01%) and 57cases(79.2%) showed good outcome. However critical indicators were not performed very well. We want to suggest the new system for the management of the medical therapeutics by the pharmacist in charge.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

Purose : This study was to find the factors of guideline and expressing outcome about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Method : The chosen studies were 38 published in Korea or abroad from 2000 to 2014, and the key research is 2 review articles among them. And 19 studies were used by first search and 2 review articles to find outcome factors and categorize followed ICF terminology. Moreover, 2 studies were analysed to find the guidelines about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Result : All reviewed researches were published abroad. These suggested that powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities didn't affect delayed development but many advantages. And they recommended checking information about the guideline, child, parents and environmental support befor applying the powered wheelchair to children with disabilities. Also, they usually used participation level to express outcome about powered mobility use. Conclusion : The power wheelchair was useful means of mobility for children who were delayed movement, and it was important strategy to apply the powered wheelchair early for promote children's development and participation normally. Finally, professionals needed to intervene contextual approaches concerning children's families and environment, also institutional and social effort.