• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Low-dose radiation exposure has received considerable attention because it reflects the general public's type and level of exposure. Still, controversy remains due to the relatively unclear results and uncertainty in risk estimation compared to high-dose radiation. However, recent epidemiological studies report direct evidence of health effects for various types of low-dose radiation exposure. In particular, international nuclear workers' studies, CT exposure studies, and children's cancer studies on natural radiation showed significantly increased cancer risk among the study populations despite their low-dose radiation exposure. These studies showed similar results even when the cumulative radiation dose was limited to an exposure group of less than 100 mGy, demonstrating that the observed excess risk was not affected by high exposure. A linear dose-response relationship between radiation exposure and cancer incidence has been observed, even at the low-dose interval. These recent epidemiological studies include relatively large populations, and findings are broadly consistent with previous studies on Japanese atomic bomb survivors. However, the health effects of low-dose radiation are assumed to be small compared to the risks that may arise from other lifestyle factors; therefore, the benefits of radiation use should be considered at the individual level through a balanced interpretation. Further low-dose radiation studies are essential to accurately determining the benefits and risks of radiation.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2023

Purpose: Due to COVID-19, the rapidly changing untact culture from offline to online has spread rapidly, increasing the utilization of omni-channel. However, among the studies on consumers in the online market, there are not many studies that analyze Shopping Values and attitudes toward omnichannel Acceptance. Research design, data, and methodology: This study investigated through empirical analysis how Shopping Values and innovation propensity of consumers using omni channels affect omni channel Acceptance attitudes. The analysis results based on a total of 268 questionnaires using SPSS v.23 and AMOS v.23 statistical programs are as follows. Results: First, it was found that the perceived Value of omnichannel use had a positive effect on the innovation tendency, and the pleasure Value had a greater effect than the actual Value. Second, it was found that the practical and hedonic Value of the omnichannel had a positive effect on the attitude of service Acceptance. Third, it was found that Omni Channel's consumer innovation tendency had a positive effect on service Acceptance attitude. Conclusion: This study proved that Shopping Value perception and individual innovation propensity for omnichannel services have a positive effect on Acceptance attitude, and it is of academic significance in that it expanded understanding of what factors are needed to increase Acceptance attitude of Omni Channel services.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2609-2626
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• 2023

The hotel industry is an example of experiential services. As consumers cannot fully evaluate the online review content and quality of their services before booking, they must rely on several online reviews to reduce their perceived risks. However, individuals face information overload owing to the explosion of online reviews. Therefore, consumer cognitive fluency is an individual's subjective experience of the difficulty in processing information. Information complexity influences the receiver's attitude, behavior, and purchase decisions. Individuals who cannot process complex information rely on the peripheral route, whereas those who can process more information prefer the central route. This study further discusses the influence of the complexity of review information on hotel ratings using online attraction review data retrieved from TripAdvisor.com. This study conducts a two-level empirical analysis to explore the factors that affect review value. First, in the Peripheral Route model, we introduce a negative binomial regression model to examine the impact of intuitive and straightforward information on hotel ratings. In the Central Route model, we use a Tobit regression model with expert reviews as moderator variables to analyze the impact of complex information on hotel ratings. According to the analysis, five-star and budget hotels have different effects on hotel ratings. These findings have immediate implications for hotel managers in terms of better identifying potentially valuable reviews.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.606-632
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• 2021

With many consumers being exposed to news via social media platforms, news organizations are challenged to attract visitors and generate revenue during visits to their websites. They therefore need detailed information on how to write articles and headlines to increase visitors' engagement with the content to drive advertising revenues. For those news organizations whose business model depends mainly on advertisements, rather than subscriptions, it is particularly crucial to understand what makes the website attractive to their visitors, what drives users to stay on the website, and what factors affect a user's exit decision. The current research examines individual news consumers' choices to find patterns of increase or decrease in user engagement relative to a variety of topics, as well as to the mood or tone of the content. Using clickstream data from a major news organization, the authors develop a user-level dynamic model of clickstream behavior that takes into account the content of both headlines and stories that visitors read. The authors find that readers appear to exhibit state dependence in the tone of the articles that they read. They also show how the topics expressed in headlines can affect the amount of content readers consume when visiting the news organization to a much larger degree than the topics expressed in the content of the article. Online publishers can make use of such findings to present visitors with content that is likely to maintain and/or increase their engagement and consequently drive advertising revenue.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2007

콘돔사용과 관련된 기존 연구들은 일반적으로 콘돔태도, 통제감, 사용의지, 동기와 같은 각 개개인의 내적변인에 초점을 맞추어 왔다. 최근 소수의 일부 연구들이 콘돔사용을 한 개인의 행동결정과정으로 보지 않고 타인과의 협응적 행동결정과정으로 이해하는 콘돔협상의 개념을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 한국대학생들의 콘돔협상과정에서 선호되는 콘돔사용설득전략과 콘돔포기설득전략을 알아보기 위하여 186명의 대학재학생에게 콘돔을 사용하고자 상대방을 설득시킬 때와 콘돔을 사용하지 않고자 상대방을 설득시킬 때 가장 사용할 것 같은 전략을 자유응답문항을 통해 조사하였다. 또한 그 전략들과 성관련 변인들과의 관계를 알아보기 위해, 성관련연상단어와 콘돔사용에 대한 태도, 통제감, 의도와 행동 등을 측정하였다. 한국대학생들의 콘돔사용설득전략유형은 임신위험성강조, 책임감, 상대방배려, 성관계거부, 질병예방, 직접적 요구, 성적만족감무관 순으로 보고되었다. 반면에 콘돔포기설득전략유형은 임신위험성안심, 성적만족감강조, 책임감, 직접적 요구, 콘돔불신, 성관계거부의 순으로 보고되었다. 남녀, 성관계유무 등에 따른 차이와 기존 서구연구결과들과의 차이 등을 문화/사회적 특성들의 관점에서 논의하였고, 성교육에서의 여러 시사점을 제안하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the correlation between the lubrication characteristics of an engine and its fuel economy. Improving the lubrication characteristics of the engine oil is one of the most efficient ways to improve a car's fuel economy. The methods to accomplish this include lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver. In addition, it is necessary to use different methods to reduce the friction to individual lubrication areas, because different lubrication regimes are used for different engine parts. The experimental investigation in this study is based on design of experiments ; this paper presents the results of a modified Sequence VID test, which is an ASTM standard test used to measure the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars. The results demonstrate the effects of the following lubrication factors on the fuel economy : the low temperature cranking viscosity, high-temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity, friction modifier, polymer type and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver. Moreover, this study involves an analysis of variance based on design of experiments. The test results show that the HTHS viscosity, friction modifier and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver are more effective than the other factors. Therefore, lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver should be considered to improve fuel economy.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 기술수용모델을 활용하여, 인터넷 전문은행을 사용해본 경험이 있는 사람들을 대상으로 하여 인터넷 전문은행의 사용하려는 의도와 만족도에 영향을 미치는 선행 요인들을 크게 사용자 특성과 은행의 특성으로 구분하여 찾아서 이론화하고 실증하였다. 독립변수에 있어서 인터넷 전문은행의 특성으로서는 응답성, 편의성, 금전적 혜택, 보안성을 선정하였고, 사용자 특성으로는 혁신성, 자기효능감, 인터넷 경험을 선정하였다. 종속변수로는 사용자 만족과 사용의도, 그리고 충성도를 선정하였다. 인터넷 전문은행을 사용하고 있는 사람들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하여 194부의 응답을 수집하였다. PLS를 활용한 분석 결과, 금전적 혜택이 중요한 요소로 나타났고 보안성과 개인의 혁신성, 그리고 인터넷 경험도 사용자 만족과 사용의도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 만족도와 사용의도가 고객들의 충성도에 영향을 미치는 경로도 검증이 되었다. 본 연구의 의의와 한계점도 결론에 논의하였고 추가적으로 필요한 연구들도 언급하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2014

This study intends to establish a system to investigate and analyze various impacting factors to Rural Housings such as the relationship of characteristics of Rural Housings located in a Rural Village to the Village and a Unit Housing, to the External and Internal Spaces inside the Unit Housing and the Village, and to Living Characteristics of the Residents and Space from an integrated point of view. The results of this study are largely summarized as following four kinds. Rural Housing Survey System can be largely classified into three stages, and they are a Preliminary Survey, Basic Survey and In-depth Survey. Along with these, the scope of the survey contents can be divided into a survey result by a unit of village, of land, of housing, and of resident's opinion survey. Secondly, the surveys by village unit are on location properties, Village Identity, Street Network, Land Use, Landscape Features and Public Facilities, and consist of Literature, Discussion and Field Survey. Thirdly, the land Unit Surveys are on a Driveway, Gate Location, Housing Placement, Outer Space Design in a Yard and Outer Space Use Characteristics, and consist of Questionnaire and Field Surveys. For the fourth, the Housing Unit Surveys are on an Internal Space Design and Placement, and consist of Questionnaire and Field Surveys. Finally, the Resident Questionnaire Survey consisted of Entire Discussion Survey and a Household one, and then the Entire Survey was on the Village's History, Village's Characteristics, Cultivation Characteristics and Community Activities while an individual one was on Main Living Characteristics, Satisfaction and Utilization Characteristics.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제27권
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• pp.3.1-3.4
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• 2012

Objectives: The current use of humidifier detergent and its harmful impact on humans has arisen as a societal environmental health issue. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore the relationship between demo-socio characteristics and humidifier use, as well as the monthly usage changes in pregnant women; thus, we report the actual status of humidifier usage of Korea's pregnant population. Methods: From a birth cohort of a Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, 1,144 pregnant women who responded through questionnaires including demo-socio characteristics, obstetric status and household environment including whether they use humidifier and frequency of use were included in this study. Statistical analyses were performed to explore the relationship between maternal characteristics and the relevance of the use of humidifiers was performed using a chi-square test, a t-test and univariate logistic regression analysis. The monthly usage rate was demonstrated in the graph. Results: The humidifier usage rate in pregnant women was 28.2%. The average frequency of humidifier usage was 4.6 days per week, 7.3 hours per day. The usage rate was higher in the multipara group and the above the age of 34 age group than in the primipara and below the age of 34 groups. Seoul showed a higher usage rate than Cheonan and Ulsan and as the education level and income increased, the usage rate of humidifiers among pregnant women also increased. In the monthly trend of usage rate, the winter season showed the highest usage rate of over 45% and the lowest in late summer and beginning of fall with a value of 12% or less. Conclusions: During pregnancy, the mother's body is especially vulnerable to hazardous environmental exposure that not only affects the pregnant woman but also the fetus. Further research is still needed to elucidate the route and effect of environmental risk factors. Therefore, based on precautionary and preventive principles, special interest and caution in harmful environments are strongly needed not only at an individual level but also at a national level.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2024

Objective: To measure inter-reader agreement and identify associated factors in interpreting complete response (CR) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved 10 readers from seven hospitals with experience of 80-10210 cases, and 149 patients who underwent surgery after CRT for rectal cancer. Using MRI-based tumor regression grading (mrTRG) and methods employed in daily practice, the readers independently assessed mrTRG, CR on T2-weighted images (T2WI) denoted as mrCR_T2W, and CR on all images including diffusion-weighted images (DWI) denoted as mrCR_overall. The readers described their interpretation patterns and how they utilized DWI. Inter-reader agreement was measured using multi-rater kappa, and associated factors were analyzed using multivariable regression. Correlation between sensitivity and specificity of each reader was analyzed using Spearman coefficient. Results: The mrCR_T2W and mrCR_overall rates varied widely among the readers, ranging 18.8%-40.3% and 18.1%-34.9%, respectively. Nine readers used DWI as a supplement sequence, which modified interpretations on T2WI in 2.7% of cases (36/1341 [149 patients × 9 readers]) and mostly (33/36) changed mrCR_T2W to non-mrCR_overall. The kappa values for mrTRG, mrCR_T2W, and mrCR_overall were 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 0.62), 0.55 (0.52, 0.57), and 0.54 (0.51, 0.57), respectively. No use of rectal gel, larger initial tumor size, and higher initial cT stage exhibited significant association with a higher interreader agreement for assessing mrCR_overall (P ≤ 0.042). Strong negative correlations were observed between the sensitivity and specificity of individual readers (coefficient, -0.718 to -0.963; P ≤ 0.019). Conclusion: Inter-reader agreement was moderate for assessing CR on post-CRT MRI. Readers' varying standards on MRI interpretation (i.e., threshold effect), along with the use of rectal gel, initial tumor size, and initial cT stage, were significant factors associated with inter-reader agreement.