• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.209-236
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• 2010

Recently, utilization of mobile Internet services is rapidly increasing. To properly accelerate the vitalization of mobile Internet usage, we have to know exactly about the factors affecting potential users' value recognition and intention to use. Technology acceptance model (TAM) is one of the most powerful reference framework for the individual user's adoption of IT innovations. This research borrowed core concept of TAM, and tried to explain users' intention to use mobile Internet by understanding the direct and indirect effects of subjective norm and perceived usefulness. To increase the explanatory power of the model, this paper introduced personal innovativeness as a key moderator variable. The research findings include; i) subjective norm has strong positive influence on perceived usefulness and intention to use, ii) perceived usefulness has positive influence on intention to use, iii) the influence of subject norm is greater than that of perceived usefulness, iv) positive influence of subjective norm on the perceived usefulness and intention to use are significantly stronger in the case of low personal innovativeness sub-group than the case of high personal innovativeness sub-group, and v) high personal innovativeness sub-group have shown strongly positive influence of perceived usefulness on the intention to use while there is no such significant relationship in the case of low personal innovativeness sub-group. Based on these findings, this paper proposed several guidelines to increase the adoption and the usage of mobile Internet; i) word-of-mouth is extremely important, ii) to form a good word-of-mouth, it will be very important to make early adopters and heavy users have positive direct experiences of using mobile Internet.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

The emergence of mucosal healing as a treatment goal that could modify the natural course of Crohn's disease and the accumulating evidence showing that biologics are most effective in achieving mucosal healing, along with the success of early treatment regimens for rheumatoid arthritis, have led to the identification of early Crohn's disease and development of the concept of catching the therapeutic window during the early disease course. Thus, an increasing number of pediatric gastroenterologists are adopting an early biologic treatment strategy with or without an immunomodulator. Although early biologic treatment is effective, cost and overtreatment are issues that limit its early use. Currently, there are insufficient data on who will benefit most from early biologics, as well as on who will not need early or even any biologics. For now, top-down biologics should be considered for patients with currently known high-risk factors of poor outcomes. For other patients, close, objective monitoring and accelerating the step-up process by means of a treat-to-target approach seems the best way to catch the therapeutic window in early pediatric Crohn's disease. The individual benefits of immunomodulator addition during early biologic treatment should be weighed against its risks and decision on early combination treatment should be made after comprehensive discussion with each patient and guardian.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.199-212
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• 1989

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors which affect the alienation of the aged, and to study the relative importance of these factors. This study focused on the following research questions: 1) How do the demographic variables(sex, marital status, family structure, religion, economics, prior occupation, education level) affect the alienation of the aged? 2) How the alienation of the aged is affected by their involvement in social activities? 3) Does the degree of satisfaction with family relationship have a perceivable impact on the alienation of the aged? 4) How does the self-rated senescence affect the alienation of the aged? The research was practiced from the 18th Sept. 1999 to the 30th Sept. 1988, through individual interviews with 300 elderly people, all living in Seoul area. Among them only 285 were used in the analysis. The major findings of the study are as follows; 1) The sex of the respondents makes no difference in the alienation of the age . 2) Marital status is found to be relatively significant in determining the alienation. The degree of alienation of old people with spouse is substantially lower than that of those without spouse. 3) Family structure was found to have no significantly effect on the alienation of the aged. 4) Involvement in religion was found to significantly reduce the alienation of the aged. 5) Econimic factors seems to be critical in defermining the aged. The amount of pocket money avaliable for daily use has direct relationship with alienation. 6) Prior occupation was found to be another significant factor affecting alienation professionals experience far lower alienation than nonprofessionals. 7) The higher is education level, the lower is the alienation of the aged. 8) Active participation in social activities and good relationship with other family members were founded to contribute to lowering the alienation of the aged. Whereas, too much concern over one's senescence appears to hav negative effects on the alienation. The regression analysis shows that the satisfaction with the family relationship has the most important influence upon the alienation of the aged. Following are the factors of self-rated senescence, pocket money in a descending order. All these factors, which explain 42.65% of the total variance of alienation variable are statistically significant(p<.001)

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 1996

The aim of this study is to find out the correlations between heaith behaviours of young people and the relationships with social factors, which can be helpful for the development of health promotion programmes for youths. The main socializing arenas influencing children's development of health and health behaviour are school, peers and parents. In this study, the selected social factors are based on these arenas. And the following seven health-related behaviours were selected: smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking coffee, irregularity of taking main meals, regular exercise, brushing teeth, and use of medicine for nourishment or restoratives. These health behaviours categorized into two groups; health- promotiong and health-damaging behaviours. The results were summarized as follows; Significant positive correlations were found between health damaging behaviours-drinking alcohol, coffee, smoking, irregularity of main meals, drinking alcohol. But, No consistently significant correlations were revealed among health promoting behaviours and between health promoting and health damaging behaviours. If total group were devided into four groups by gender and grade, these correlations were a little weak. Although such division, the correlations among health damaging behaviours were still significant. The result is also found that health behavious and various social factors were strongly correlated. Particulary, health damaging behaviours showed a consistent correlation with social factors. This consiatensy was simillar to the figure of other contries in Europe. In conclusion, a more comprehensive explanation on health behaviour bacame possible if the analysis on the correlations were made by dividing health behavious into "health-promotion" and "health- damaging". And the health promotion programmes can be more effective when they focus on the correlation of health behavious and inter-relationships between health behavious and various social factors, rahter than focus on individual behavious.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-89
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting user acceptance of e-learning site. To more precisely explain an individual's behavior of accepting e-learning site, Perceived Interactivity is divided into four components; User Control, Responsiveness, Personalization and Connectedness. This research investigates the causal relationship among four components and basic factors of TAM. This research uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to confirm the validity and analyzes the causal relationship of the suggested model. The results indicates strong support for the validity of proposed model with 54.8% of the variance in behavioral intention to e-learning site. The result finds that all the basic casuality of TAM are significant and most components of Perceived Interactivity are significant. However the path Connectedness to Perceived Ease of Use and User Control to Perceived Playfulness is not significant. Among components of Perceived Interactivity, Personalization is the strongest antecedent of TAM. Perceived Usefulness is the strongest antecedent of behavioral intention of e-learning site.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of neighborhood sports activity facilities on the exercise time and subjective health level using the National Sport Participation Survey data(2013-2015) in Seoul, Korea. We conducted path analysis including exercise time, subjective health level and various environmental factors. From the survey data, we extracted individual's characteristics including subjective health and exercise time. In addition, we calculated physical environment variables of neighborhood units. The results of this study are as follow. First, most of moderating variables such as gender, age, income and job showed expected relationships with exercise time or subjective health level. Second, the perceived level regarding neighborhood sports facilities such as public sports facilities had a strong positive association with exercise time and subjective health level. Third, the area of public sports facility, neighborhood park and the number of schools had positive effects on the exercise time and subjective health level. Lastly, land use mix and the number of intersections showed a positive effects on exercise time. To sum up, the results indicated that public sports facility, neighborhood park and perceived environment on neighborhood sports facility are critical factors of residents' exercise time and subjective health level.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.48-50
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• 1988

Flehmen is well-known response which often occurs during the process of courtship in most mammals. Recent studies with domestic ruminants suggest that the flehmen may be involved in the mechanism of transferring some pheromonal substances to vomeronasal organ. Thus, variety of its significancehas been supposed, besides that male animals may use it for estrus detection. In this experiment, 8 male, 3 female and3 castrated goats of Saanen and its hybrid were used to ascertain whether urine from alien species can induce flehmen as that from same species. Urine was collected from twenty species consisting of 15 mammals, 3 birds and 2 reptiles and frozen until use. Mostly urine was sprayed to the nose of goats, but some coagulated ones were sniffed. Duration of flehmen was scored to four ranks as 0, 1-19, 20-39 and >40 sec. Each urine sample induced the response in any goats. However, much difference in the in tensity was found between the samples and according to the reproductive state of the receptor goats. Although individual difference was manifest, male goats generally showed more intense response than did female. Castrated goats showed the intermediate pattern. Administration of antiandrogen to the male goat tended to reduce the response. The results indicate that flehmen in the goat could occur for the urine of alien species as that of same species and the androgen may be one of the factors regulating the response.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

Proficiency test is an essential tool far ensuring analytical ability of analytical chemists and analytical institutes. Usually, the standard protocol for proficiency test is focused on acceptability of reported analytical results of participants by calculating z-scores and related diagnostic parameters. The ultimate goal of this process is to reveal the sources of variability of analytical results and to find the way to reduce their influence. In this study, the method of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the analytical data collected from qualify control departments of pharmaceutical companies in KyungIn province in Korea in the year of 2000. As influencing factors of variability of analytical results, the use of internal standards for liquid and gas chromatograpy, the educational and professional background of participants, geological locations and yearly production sizes of participating companies were evaluated. To evaluate the variability in accuracy of analytical results, absolute differences from sample mean and sample median were used and to evaluate variability in precision of individual participants, the reported standard deviation of each participant was used. As a result, the use of internal standards in gas chromatographic analysis, participants' academic background and the yearly production sizes of pharmaceutical companies showed statistically significant influence to the accuracy and the precision of the reported analytical results used in this study.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2012

With the burden of chronic diseases mounting among the population as a result of its aging, the importance of health examination is being stressed in order to identify and manage diseases in the early stage. Health examination in Korea is divided largely into periodic health examination provided as a national health screening program and individual physical checkups. The advantages of the former include little economic burden on the examined and those of the latter include the freedom of the individual to select various examination headings depending on the individual's characteristics and preferences. With both examinations now being expanded, empirical analyses from various standpoints are needed. This study proposes to analyze traits of the examined and non-examined as shown in the facts and figures of the 1st and 2nd Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), thereby make the determinant factors clear leading to the acceptance of the examinations, and analyze the effects of the examinations upon maintaining or moving to healthy lifestyle. It was confirmed that demographic features such as gender and age, socioeconomic features such as the level of education, place of residence and household income, physical and mental state of health such as chronic disease and dementia, and daily living habits are significantly related with whether to accept physical examination. It is also confirmed that physical examination leads to non-smoking, regular physical exercises and regular dietary habits. It is suggested that, to enhance effects of health examinations, follow-up management programs making use of results of health examinations be further expanded, and the national health screening program be more actively put into operation for the bracket lying in the blind spot of the program.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

Purpose: The goal of this study was to build an accurate digital factory that evaluates the performance of a factory using computer simulation. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the effect of worker-related variables on production in a simulation model using comparative analysis of two cases. Methods: The overall work process and worker-related variables were determined and used to build a simulation model. Siemens PLM Software's Plant Simulation was used to build a simulation model. Also, two simulation models were built, where the only difference was the use of the worker-related variable, and the total daily production analyzed and compared in terms of the individual process. Additionally, worker efficiency was evaluated based on worker analysis. Results: When the daily production of the two models were compared, a 0.16% error rate was observed for the model where the worker-related variables were applied and error rate was approximately 5.35% for the model where the worker-related variables were not applied. In addition, the production in the individual processes showed lower error rate in the model that included the worker-related variables than the model where the worker-related variables were not used. Also, among the total of 22 workers, only three workers satisfied the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) suggested worker capacity rate (90%). Conclusions: In the daily total production and individual process production, the model that included the worker-related variables produced results that were closer to the real production values. This result indicates the importance of worker elements as input variables, in regards to building accurate simulation models. Also, as suggested in this study, the model that included the worker-related variables can be utilized to analyze in more detail actual production. The results from this study are expected to be utilized to improve the work process and worker efficiency.