• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

Purpose : We observed usability of allograft by evaluating the clinical results, second look arthroscopic and histologic findings at last follow up after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using by fresh frozen Achilles allograft. Materials and Methods : We analyzed in 58 patients(59 cases) by subjective and objective parameters, Telos stress arthrometer and Modified Feagin Scoring System. The average age and follow up period was 25 years(ranging from 18 to 49 years), and 15 months(ranging from 12 to 19 months). Among them we studied second look arthroscopic and histologic findings in 16 patients. Results : The mean Lysholm Score wits improved from 60 to 88.2 as well the anterior translation was improved from 7.1 min to 2.3mm at last follow up. The second look arthroscopic findings were close to normal in ligament thickness, tension and showed revasculization at the holly attachment site. Light microscope(LM) findings showed dense cellularity like a normal ligament. In electron microscope(EM) collagen fibrils showed parallel arrangement longitudinally and unimodal pattern diameter close to normal tissue in the transverse section. Conclusion : We think that the fresh frozen Achilles allograft is a good substitution of autograft in cruciate ligament reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.242-248
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the effects of a smart home (electronic control unit, ECU) on the performance and satisfaction of activities of daily living of wheelchair users. A total of 15 wheelchair users (10 patients with spinal cord injury and 5 patients with stroke) were investigated. Smart homes were equipped with ECU technology, which consisted of automation of furniture and products. The products and facilities were integrated and controlled by a smart device or voice. Performance and satisfaction of activities of daily living were measured by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) before and after residence in a smart home. All participants showed a higher COPM (performance score ${\geq}3$, satisfaction score ${\geq}4$) during residence in a smart home compared to residence in the current home. In addition, the COPM scores differed significantly before and after residence in a smart home. These results provide evidence of the applicability of smart homes based on high technology. However, additional studies of more smart home participants should be conducted to improve the quality of the results.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.284-291
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• 2007

Purpose : Theophylline has recently been reported to have concurrent anti-inflammatory effects at low therapeutic plasma concentrations which are below the doses at which significants, clinically useful bronchodilatation is evident. Sustained-release formulation in capsule and dry syrup forms were developed to reduce its adverse effects and improve its clinical effects. We compared the therapeutic effects of theophylline dry syrup and capsules in children with mild asthma. Methods : Ninety children with mild asthma were randomized to receive either theophylline dry syrup (n=44) or theophylline capsules (n=46); 4 mg per kilogram of body weight, twice a day, for 12 weeks. Baseline and serial measurements of daytime and nighttime asthma symptom score were performed. Compliance scores, drug swallowing scores, and drug usability scores were measured every 4 weeks. Each scoring was rated on a scale of 0-4. Serum theophylline concentration were measured at 4 and at 12 weeks. To examine the anti-inflammatory effect of theophylline on asthma, Serum eosinophilic cationic protein as a marker of airway inflammation caused by eosinophil was measured 12 weeks pre- and post-administration. Results : The daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores of the two groups after 4 weeks significantly improved over the baseline score. Daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores in the dry syrup group were statistically lower at all time points except for the nighttime symptom scores at 4 weeks. Compliance scores, drug swallowing scores, and drug usability scores in the dry syrup group were significantly higher at the end time point. Only in the dry syrup group was the serum ECP at the end time point statistically lower than baseline. Conclusion : Low-dose sustained-release theophylline may be safe and effective in bronchial asthma and this effect may be mediated by its anti-inflammatory action mechanisms. Especially, when used in children with asthma, dry syrup formulation is recommended because of its higher compliance than capsule formulation.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2014

Keeping in line with the recent changes in the information technology environment, the online learning environment that supports multiple users' participation such as MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) has become important. One of the largest professional associations in Information Technology, IEEE Computer Society, announced that "Supporting New Learning Styles" is a crucial trend in 2014. Popular MOOC services, CourseRa and edX, have continued to build active learning environment with a large number of lectures accessible anywhere using smart devices, and have been used by an increasing number of users. In addition, collaborative web services (e.g., blogs and Wikipedia) also support the creation of various user-uploaded learning materials, resulting in a vast amount of new lectures and learning materials being created every day in the online space. However, it is difficult for an online educational system to keep a learner' motivation as learning occurs remotely, with limited capability to share knowledge among the learners. Thus, it is essential to understand which materials are needed for each learner and how to motivate learners to actively participate in online learning system. To overcome these issues, leveraging the constructivism theory and collective intelligence, we have developed a social bookmarking system called WeStudy, which supports learning material sharing among the users and provides personalized learning material recommendations. Constructivism theory argues that knowledge is being constructed while learners interact with the world. Collective intelligence can be separated into two types: (1) collaborative collective intelligence, which can be built on the basis of direct collaboration among the participants (e.g., Wikipedia), and (2) integrative collective intelligence, which produces new forms of knowledge by combining independent and distributed information through highly advanced technologies and algorithms (e.g., Google PageRank, Recommender systems). Recommender system, one of the examples of integrative collective intelligence, is to utilize online activities of the users and recommend what users may be interested in. Our system included both collaborative collective intelligence functions and integrative collective intelligence functions. We analyzed well-known Web services based on collective intelligence such as Wikipedia, Slideshare, and Videolectures to identify main design factors that support collective intelligence. Based on this analysis, in addition to sharing online resources through social bookmarking, we selected three essential functions for our system: 1) multimodal visualization of learning materials through two forms (e.g., list and graph), 2) personalized recommendation of learning materials, and 3) explicit designation of learners of their interest. After developing web-based WeStudy system, we conducted usability testing through the heuristic evaluation method that included seven heuristic indices: features and functionality, cognitive page, navigation, search and filtering, control and feedback, forms, context and text. We recruited 10 experts who majored in Human Computer Interaction and worked in the same field, and requested both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the system. The evaluation results show that, relative to the other functions evaluated, the list/graph page produced higher scores on all indices except for contexts & text. In case of contexts & text, learning material page produced the best score, compared with the other functions. In general, the explicit designation of learners of their interests, one of the distinctive functions, received lower scores on all usability indices because of its unfamiliar functionality to the users. In summary, the evaluation results show that our system has achieved high usability with good performance with some minor issues, which need to be fully addressed before the public release of the system to large-scale users. The study findings provide practical guidelines for the design and development of various systems that utilize collective intelligence.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.309-317
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this paper is to inquire into the influences form factors and control types affect a search time and comfort at list menu of full touch phone. Background: Various studies have been proceeded that are related to the optimum touch area for enhancing usability of control and legibility in mobile touch device. In the environment of list menu which is widely used to provide various information effectively, however, not only comprehensive consideration for legibility and control is to be seek but also research for control type which is to scroll a list. Method: This study executed form factor experiment to inquire into the influence that font size, height of row and fixed area affect searching time and comfort in the while information processing even if the information on the list is unsorted in alphabetical order. Among the result of form factor experiment, control type experiment was executed by selecting shortest performance time, highest legibility comfort and control comfort. Control type experiment was implemented to figure out the influence which existing flicking type, scrolling bar type, newly established button page type and button raw types affect performance time and subjective comfort depending on location of the information. Results: Font size 12pt, height of row 7mm and fixed area 15mm was shortest performance time and got highest comfort and legibility score in form factor experiment. A Button page which was newly proposed type was shortest performance time and got highest comprehensive comfort in control type experiment. Conclusion: Form factor experiment showed similar results with the study through reading a long passage of character or controlling a grid icon type. However, height of row turned out to affect not only touch area for control but also legibility by ruling space between the lines. Button page type which was newly proposed showed shortest performance time and got highest comprehensive comfort. Because Button page type needs few finger movements than other control types and implements search in the fixed form, unlikely other type which list keeps moving. Application: This study should be applied in deciding form factors and control type for scroll when designing a list menu of full touch phone.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Purpose: To study the efficacy of marker match with using kilovoltage (KV) X-ray among multiple image guidance that referring tree fiducial marker in radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients. Materials and Methods: KV two-dimantional images (anterior-posterior, right-left) and cone-beam CT volumetric images were acquired after setup for patients with three fiducial markers. Compare the position of the fiducial marker of reference plan computed tomography (CT) and of KV, CBCT images; then decide the shift score of X, Y, and Z. This study executed 5 times on 10 patients and analyzed the shift value. Results: In the radiation therapy using fiducial marker, The function of marker match showed the same direction tendency as the CBCT, and showed X, Y, Z difference of about 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 (unit: mm). Conclusion: Comparing to this, the result of shift value using 2D marker match showed less than 1.0 mm difference. The function of marker match is considered more useful in time-wise and effective dose rather than CBCT. Therefore, Both methods are used to treat patients for prostate cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.492-500
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the degrees of awareness and performance of hospital infection control of early stage nurses working in medium and small sized hospitals. This survey was conducted for 15 days from Sep. 15 to Sep. 30, 2017. Data were then analyzed by SPSS Win 22.0 to determine the mean and SD, as well as to conduct t-tests, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test. The result were as follows: 1. There were significant differences in awareness of hospital infection according to urinary tract infection, respiratory infection, and disinfection of contaminated goods managements with age. 2. There were significant differences in performance of hospital infection according to hand washing (working department), fluid therapy (education need p<0.001), urinary tract (position), and respiratory infection management (position p<0.001). 3. The mean score of awareness and performance regarding hospital infection were significantly different (all items p<0.001). According to these results, systematic education for improving awareness and performance regarding hospital infection control by nursing staff in medium and small sized in hospitals should be conducted. In addition, organizational efforts to increase the number of early stage nurses and improve the usability of personal infection control devices should be encouraged.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.477-485
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• 2015

In this study, we tried to find the effects of carrying out infographics instruction based on visual thinking with the infographics materials presented in physics textbooks targeting specialized vocational high school students. Thus, 60 students were divided into the experimental group and the control group, the experimental group had 25 classes composed of 'infographics concept formation, infographics understanding activity, and infographics configuration activity', on the other hand, the control group were instructed by lecture-type class. The results of this study are as follows: First, features of the infographics created by the students include changes in types of presentation from 'simple arrangement' to 'simple reconfiguration' and from 'illustration' to 'comparative analysis', which were made by the visual thinking of the students activated in accordance with the increase of their configuration times. Second, instruction by using infographics, visual thinking significantly improved in the level of understanding, visibility, usability, and communicability. Third, after instruction using infographics, the mean score of the experimental group's achievement significantly improved. Fourth, there was a significant improvement in the area of 'normality of scientist, attitude on scientific inquiry, and scientific attitude' in the test of attitudes toward science. From the analysis results, we could conclude that instruction using infographics enhance students' understanding of scientific concepts and communication capability by improving visual thinking abilities, which have a positive impact on academic achievement and attitudes toward science.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Recently, many companies have started to manage and support CoPs formally at the organizational level because of strategic usability of CoP. These companies are also seeking ways to motivate CoP members to actively participate in their groups. Accordingly, this paper proposes one way of increasing CoP activities by rearranging CoP members. In practice, active CoP members often lead their groups. Therefore, rearranging members can, eventually, be one method to motivate more individuals to participate in CoP activities. This paper first suggests a new approach in order to improve knowledge sharing activities at the organizational level based on rearranging members of current CoPs. Second, a mathematical model is presented which maximizes total BLS (Balanced Level Score) of company A with several constraints. Then a real world problem is changed to a popular problem, VRP to solve this problem. Third, the solution program was developed to find a meaningful solution.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.109-131
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to a) clarify the current practice of internal marketing by contracted food service management companies, b) analyze the effectiveness of current internal marketing practices. The survey was conducted between October 12 and November 2, 2002 with the 10 contracted food service management companies; 6 large, and 4 small & medium sized companies. No significant difference was existed with the categories of internal marketing. However significant differences were existed with the service education, sanitary education, periodic interviews, rewards for best employees, incentive payments, paid -leave allowances, job function allowances, and position classes including unit manager, dietician and cook of MBO. The actual administration of internal marketing strategies showed that, the significant differences were existed with education, paid-leave, and employee welfare systems among position classes. Also the significant differences were existed with all categories of internal marketing between large and small & medium sized companies. In general, small & medium sized companies score of the internal marketing performance was lower than that of large sized companies. Therefore, the segmented internal marketing strategies depending on the analysis not only demand for employees but also the size of company, were required to be an effectively and efficiently managed contracted food management companies.