• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1976

To evaluate the possible pathophysiologic role of renin in acute renal failure observed in Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF), the author measured the basal plasma renin activity (PRA) and the stimulated PRA by radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I in 15 normal controls and 42 KHF patients who are admitted in Seoul National University Hospital and Nation Army Hospital from Jan. 1975 to Jan. 1976. The results obtained were as follows: The mean basal PRA in normal control group was $2.9{\pm}2.16ng/ml/hr$ in the patients during the oliguric phase of KHF, the mean basal PRA was $4.7{\pm}2.13ng/ml/hr$, and there was statistically significant increase compared to the normal control. In the patients during the diuretic phase of KHF, the mean basal PRA was $3.4{\pm}2.09ng/ml/hr$, and there was statistically significant decrease compared to the oliguric phase of KHF. In normal control group, the mean basal PRA was $2.9{\pm}2.16ng/ml/hr$. And the PRA 1 hour after the administration of $Lasix^{(R)}$ 40 mg intravenously(stmulated PRA) was $5.3{\pm}2.20ng/ml/hr$ and there was statistically significant increasec ompared to basal level. In oliguric phase of KHF, the mean basal PRA was $4.6{\pm}2.01ng/ml/hr$. And stimulated PRA was $4.4{\pm}2.34ng/ml/hr$ and there was no significant changes. In diuretic phase of KHF, the mean basal PRA was $3.3{\pm}1.86ng/ml/hr$. And stimulated PRA was 5.2{\pm}2.58ng/ml/hr and there was statistically significant increase compared to basal level. There were statistically no significant correlations between basal PRA and stimulated PRA and serum creatinine, BUN, urine volume and peritonial dialysis.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1991

We measured volume of daily urinary excretion. daily excretion of $Na^+$ and $K^+$, creatinine clearance, blood $Na^+$ and $K^+$ concentration on 34 subjects(12 men. 21 wenen) who live in Hanlim sub-county. Kimhae county. Kyongnam, Korea in December 1990. The data were compared to the data in 9 urban residents(4 men, 5 wemen). Results were as follows. I) Daily mean urinary $Na^+$ excretion of rural residents was $255{\pm}95.6$mEq/day. It is much lower than that of in 1960 but higher than that of students living in urban area(1975) or that of occidentals. 2) Daily mean urinary $K^+$ excretion of rural residents was $45{\pm}15.1$mEq/day. 3) $K^+$ excretion of rural residents was similar to that of urban residents but because of the relatively high $Na^+$ excretion, $K^+/Na^+$ ratio was significantly lower than that of urban residents. In conclusion. salt intake and excretion of rural residents tends to have been decreased progressively and it is thought to be the result of the improvement in dietary life especially increased intake of animal protein.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2004

The present study examined the effects of Taekunyukmijiwhang-tang (TV) on blood pressure and renal function in nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hypertensive rats. A phamacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for 4-6 weeks produces renal vasoconstriction, renal dysfunction, and progressive severe hypertension. Treatment of rats with NG-Nitro-L-arginie methylester (L-NAME) (100 mg/L, 6 weeks), which is a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, cause a sustained increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), along with the decrease in expression of ecNOS in the kidney and thoracic aorta. The expression of Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit in the kidney was also reduced in the L-NAME induced hypertensive rats group. The renal functional parameters including urine osmolality (Uosm), creatinine clearance (Ccr), which is an index of glomerular filtration (GFR) were decreased in rat with L-NAME induced hypertension. while solute-free water reabsoption (TcH₂O) was unchanged in all experimental group. However, the group combined treated with TV and L-NAME did not develop hypertension and expression of ecNOS in the aorta was restored. The expression of Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATpase α1 subunit in the kidney was markedly restored in L-NAME-induced hypertension rats by administration of TV along with the restoration of urinary volume (UV) and sodium excretion (UNaV), whlie Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATPase /β1 subunit was not altered. These results suggest that TV attenuates an increase in SSP in the L-NAME induced hypertension and restores partially renal function, which seems to be caused by up-regulation of expression of Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATPase α1 subunit in the kidney and ecNOS in thoracic aorta.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1975

It is a great value to find an early detection of involvement of ureteric obstruction in the carcinoma of cervix. Little or no knowledge of the condition of the kidneys or the lower urinary tract are able to elucidate by the biochemical studies such as blood nitrogen or urine creatinine in carcinoma of cervix. Findings of urography delineates the condition of urinary tract stasis in the renal pelvis and ureters, however, slight stasis maybe difficult to demonstrate. On the other hand isotope nephrography is accepted as a sensitive method to observe renal function especially in regarding to the excretory function of kidney. It was attempted to analysis the findings of urography conjunction with isotope nephrography in 50 cases of unselected patients with invasive carcinoma of cervix through pre and post irradiation follow up studies. Urography was done as a routine procedure and.analysed emphasising changes of collecting systems and ureter condition. Isotope nephrography was carried out by means of $15{\mu}ci\;I^{131}$-Hippuran injected intravenously and the curves were analysed as follows. Parameter were; time of maximum amplitude ($T_{max}$), half time of maximum amplitude ($T\frac{1}{2}$), Kac and Kex value calculated from these two parameters in Tobe's method. The excretion index by Aurell defines the ratio between the maximum activity and the activity measured on the slope of the third phase ten minites after it has reached its maximum. Results: 1. 28.8% had an abnormal IVP suggestive of ureteric involvement before irradiation therapy and the patient of stage III and IV were the great part. 2. 21.7% had abnormal findings of per-irradiation renogram whom showed normal IVP. The other group showed normal IVP which group also showed normal renogram prior irradiation. 3. The more severe the ureteric involvement, the change of excretion index was greater. 4. Even in stage I and II patient, abnormal renogram was revealed in 12 cases (39.4%) among 31 cases. 5. All cases of TAH showed abnormal findings of IVP and renogram. 6. No. definite change of renogram was obtained just after the irradiation therapy (point $A:8000{\sim}9000rads,\;B:5000{\sim}6000rads,\;Co:11000{\sim}13000rads$). Each 3 month follow up study was performed and comparing with preirradiation study which showed significant changes of excretion index of renogram were 42.8% in $6{\sim}9$ month follow-up and 75% in $9{\sim}12$ month, respectively. 7. It seems to be important to observe the parameter Kex and excretion index of renogram to determine early abnormality of kidney excretory function by means of post-irradiation follow up study.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2015

In this study, the clinical safety and toxicology of oral ingestion of supplement capsules containing ginseng radix was investigated in healthy young volunteers. This study was a pilot randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial. The healthy volunteers were divided into 6 groups of 20 each (10 males and 10 females). They took the ginseng powder for 35 days (3g/day) for safety evaluation. There were measured general healthy levels such as hematological, biochemical and electrocardiographic parameters. After the first week, besides Korean white ginseng the other treatments led to an significant increase of white blood cells. Korean red ginseng increased UREA (blood urea nitrogen) in healthy volunteers, but it didn't exceed the range of normal values, and in the subsequent process of treatment there is no effect of elevating UREA. After the three weeks, Korean white ginseng showed relatively low the content of blood glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After the five weeks, compared with the other treatments, Korean red ginseng increased white blood cells, platelet distribution width and average volume of platelet. Korean white ginseng decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. American ginseng decreased blood creatinine in healthy volunteers. In conclusion, through test the blood routine, urine routine, liver function, renal function, blood glucose, blood lipid and electrocardiogram, the healthy volunteers continuous taking ginseng for 35 days (3 g/day) is safe and reliable, and have no obvious adverse reactions and side effects.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2012

Background: The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is steadily decreasing in South Korea. However, PTB is a disease with relatively high mortality and morbidity rates throughout Korea. Although there are many studies and statistics about the risk factors of PTB mortality in many countries, there are only a limited number of domestic papers on this topic. The aim of this study is to determine predictive factors for mortality among in-hospital patients associated with PTB. Methods: From December 2006 to January 2011, we reviewed medical records of 2,122 adult patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at a single tertiary hospital in a suburban area. In this study period, 960 patients were diagnosed with PTB by positive Acid fast bacilli smear and/or mycobacterial culture of the respiratory specimen. We compared the groups of patients deceased and patients discharged alive with PTB. The number of dead patients was 82 (47 males, 35 females). Results: Mortality was significantly associated with increased values of white blood cells (WBC), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), numbers of involved lung field, and length of hospitalization. Also, it was associated with the decreased values of hemoglobin, lymphocyte, sodium, albumin, and cholesterol. Furthermore, admission through the emergency department, initial intensive care unit admission, and drug resistant PTB affected mortality in PTB patients. Independent predictors associated with PTB mortality are BUN, initial intensive care unit care, and admission during treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion: In our study, mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis was related with parameters associated with nutritional status, disease severity at the time of admission, and drug resistance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2011

Human occupational exposure to n-hexane has been associated with neurobehavioral symptoms such as depression, irritablity, acute irritation symptom, concentration disturbance and fatigue. Effects of monoamine oxidase (MAO) B and serotonin transporter receptor (5-HTTR) polymorphisms on the neurobehavioral symptoms were investigated in 70 male workers from TV and computer monitor manufacturing plants exposed to n-hexane. Neurobehavioral symptoms were assessed through a self-reported questionnaire and ambient level of n-hexane was measured by NIOSH method. Blood and urine were collected from each workers to determine the MAO(B), 5-HTTR and urinary 2,5-hexanedione(2,5-HD). The mean concentration of volatile n-hexane was $18.8{\pm}28.8ppm$ and that of urinary 2,5-HD was $1.07{\pm}1.47mg/g$ creatinine. Statistically significant associations with sexual disturbance were age and smoking. The frequencies of MAO(B) AA, AG and GG were 18.6%, 45.7% and 35.7%, respectively, and the frequencies of 5-HTTR ll, ls and ss genotype were 82.9%, 15.7% and 1.4%, respectively. MAO (B) gene polymorphisms had susceptibility to the neurobehavioral symptoms such as fatigue, concentration disturbance, irritability and acute irritation symptom and 5-HTTR gene polymorphism had susceptibility to the sleep disturbance and acute irritation symptom. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the neurobehavioral symptoms, memory disturbance was significantly associated with smoking(OR=6.752, 95% CI=37.46) and drinking(OR=4.033, 95% CI=1.252-12.98), emotional lability was MAO(B) genotype(OR=0.412, 95% CI=0.170-0.996), fatigue (OR=1.011, 95% CI=1.000-1.021) and acute irritation(OR=0.990, 95% CI=0.981-1.000) were working duration and sexual disturbance were significantly associated with age(OR=1.208, 95% CI=1.042-1.399), ambient n-hexane(OR=1.077, 95% CI=1.005-1.154) and 2,5-HD(OR=0.186, 95% CI=0.041-0.841). This finding implies that the MAO (B) and 5-HTTR polymorphisms may affect susceptibility for specific neurobehavioral symptoms associated with n-hexane exposure in workers.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2017

Background: Hepatic steatosis measured with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using transient elastography predicts metabolic syndrome in the general population. We investigated whether CAP predicted metabolic syndrome in chronic kidney disease patients. Methods: CAP was measured with transient elastography in 465 predialysis chronic kidney disease patients (mean age, 57.5 years). Results: The median CAP value was 239 (202-274) dB/m. In 195 (41.9%) patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus was more prevalent (105 [53.8%] vs. 71 [26.3%], P < 0.001), with significantly increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (184 [38-706] vs. 56 [16-408] mg/g Cr, P = 0.003), high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (5.4 [1.4-28.2] vs. 1.7 [0.6-9.9] mg/L, P < 0.001), and CAP (248 [210-302] vs. 226 [196-259] dB/m, P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, CAP was independently related to body mass index (${\beta}=0.742$, P < 0.001), triglyceride levels (${\beta}=2.034$, P < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (${\beta}=0.316$, P = 0.001), serum albumin (${\beta}=1.386$, P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (${\beta}=0.064$, P = 0.029), and total bilirubin (${\beta}=-0.881$, P = 0.009). In multiple logistic regression analysis, increased CAP was independently associated with increased metabolic syndrome risk (per 10 dB/m increase; odds ratio, 1.093; 95% confidence interval, 1.009-1.183; P = 0.029) even after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. Conclusion: Increased CAP measured with transient elastography significantly correlated with and could predict increased metabolic syndrome risk in chronic kidney disease patients.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.161-167
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• 2021

The present study was conducted to assess the association between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women. The data of a total of 9,256 adults (4,196 premenopausal women and 4,340 postmenopausal women) aged ≥ 20 years from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) (2010-2012) were analyzed. The key study results were as follows: First, in women without MetS, after adjusting for related variables (age, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, SBP, DBP, WM, TC, TGs, HDL-C, FPG, Hb, Hct, and Fe), vitamin D status was positively associated with serum ferritin levels (premenopausal, p < 0.001; postmenopausal, p = 0.027). Second, in women with MetS, after adjusting for related variables, vitamin D status was not associated with serum ferritin levels (premenopausal, p = 0.739; postmenopausal, p = 0.278). In conclusions, vitamin D status was positively associated with serum ferritin levels in women without MetS but not in women with MetS.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to examine how the response of dairy cows to a change from twice to thrice-daily milking is affected by deficiencies in the dietary supplies of three amino acids, His, Met and Lys. The amino acid deficiencies were obtained by feeding the cows a diet of grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal as the sole protein supplement. Taken overall, the results show that when cows were given the feather meal diet, even though dietary ME was in considerable excess, a deficiency of specific amino acids prevented any increase in milk yield in response to increasing the frequency of milking from twice to thrice daily. The results of half-udder milking showed that when cows consumed the diet deficient in amino acids, milking one half of the gland more frequently reduced the secretion of protein and lactose by the control gland. Neither MBF nor the ratio of 3-MH/creatinine in urine was affected by thrice-daily milking. The present results go a stage further in showing that, against a background of insufficient dietary amino acids, the stimulus of thrice-daily milking is not sufficient to induce a measurable change in the partition of amino acid use between body and udder.