• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1270-1282
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to compare the effdct of the new weekly iron supplementation on maternal iron and zinc nutritional status with the effect of the present daily iron supplementation. To assess the iron ad zinc status of rpegant women visiting public health center in Ulsan, interview for dietary survey and general aspect of each subject was given and biochemical analysis of blood and urine was performed. The study subjects were divided to two groups randomly, but the subjects whose Hgb level was very low were allocated in daily group ethically because theeffect of weekly supplementation was not yet established as safety. Daily group received 80mg elemental Fe(250mg Fe as ferrous sulfate) per day for 100days, while weekly group received 160mg elemental Fe once a week for 15 weeks. After treatement, Hgb(p<0.01), Hct(p<0.01) , serum iron(p<0.05) and serum ferritin(p<0.001) in weekly group but RBC, Hgb , Hct , serum iron and serum iron and serum ferritin increased slightly. After correction for the initial Hgb by including it in the MANIVA, the difference in treatment effects of Hgb and TIBC between groups was statistically significant. The effect of weekly vs, daily iron supplementation program on zinc status was also studied. The difference in treatment effect between two groups was, however, not sifnificant. It is concluded that once weekly rion supplementation program in pregnant women was less effectgive to improve the iron status than daily iron supplementation program. However, because the weekly dose prevented a decline in Hgb as well as in ferritin, itw effect was positive , given the fact that non-supplemented women almost always exhibit a sifnificant drop in Hgb values. It seems that it will improve the iron status well if the amount or frequency of supplements is to be adjusted . Biweekly supplementation of a different dose or antother type of iron supplement, such as through a gastric delivery system, might be better.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2005

Anaerobic digestion is one of the well-known methods for biological treatment handling of concentrated organic matter such as swine $wastewater.^{1)} The anaerobic digestion can reduce organic loading but also hydrolyze non-biodegradable organic $matter.^{2)}$ The feces from the scrapper-type barn are usually collected to make compost and the urine is discarded with swine-slurry wastewater by ocean-dumping or treated by biological methods. The lagoon, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, SBR, $A^{2}/O$, and UCT have been applied for treating swine $wastewater.^{3)} In this study, as a result of the analysis of swine wastewater, the total and soluble chemical oxygen demand was 130g/L and 60g/L, respectively. And the volatile fatty acid as chemical oxygen demand equivalent was 45g/L, which was 75% of soluble chemical oxygen demand. Before everything else, ammonia nitrogen concentration was 6.5 g/L. From biochemical acidogenic potential test, it was concluded that the enhanced acidification process to manage swine waste should be operated in the ammonia nitrogen concentration of less than 1.2 g/L. In the result of seeding ratio experiments with artificial $wastewater^{4)}, the lag period of acidogens was taken the long time because of the inhibition by the $ammonia^{5)}$, however no difference of period by the seeding ratio was not shown. The Haldane-based biokinetics were also evaluated using a method of fourth order Runge-Kutta $approximation.^{6,7)}$ The nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method with a 95% confidence interval was also used. The ranges of maximum microbial growth rate, ${/mu_{max}}$, and half saturation coefficient, $K_{s}$, for acidogenesis of various seeding ratio with artificial wastewater were 6.1 ~ 12.6 $d^{-1}$ and 45,000 ~ 53,500 mg glucose/L, respectively. Also, the methanogenic microbial yield coefficient, Y, and microbial decay rate coefficient, $k_{d}$, and inhibition substrate concentration, $K_{si}$, for the reactors were determined to be 0.32 ~ 0.465 ${/mu}g$/mg glucose; 0.42 ~ 1.01 $d^{-1}$ and 51,500 ~ 55,600 mg glucose/L, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage on postpartum recovery and lactation. One theory of oriental medical treatment for postpartum care is focused on increasing vitality and building up blood. Saengwha-tang are representative remedies for these respective principle of treatment. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang on blood components, Body weight, BMI and prolactin level in postpartum. Methods : 65 postpartum women applied for this study, and 30 of them were included in this study. They were divided two groups. The experimental group were treated by Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage, the control group were treated by citron beverage during 40 days. Then we observed the changes of the body weight, BMI, complete blood cell count, liver function test, renal function test, level of serum prolactin, Urine analysis and general conditon Questionnaire among baseline(before treatment), 1st phase(after 20 days treatment) and 2nd phase(after 40 days treatment). Results : After taking Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang beverage, body weight, body water, edema index, prolactin ana general condtion became better, but they were not statistically significant. Conclusion : This study shows that Mokhyangsaenghwa-tang can improve postpartum recovery, but more research is needed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.385-395
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess exposure to VOCs and PAHs and the health effects on volunteers who participated in an oil spill cleanup in Yeosu. Methods: Atmospheric VOCs were evaluated in the vicinity of the accident site and questionnaire surveys were conducted to identify personal characteristics and acute health symptoms of clean-up workers seven days after the accident. The levels of metabolites of VOCs (t,t-MA, HA, PGA, MA, MHA) and PAHs (2-NAP, 1-OHP, 2-HF, 1-HPH), oxidative stress markers (TABARS, 8-OHdG) in the urine of workers were analyzed. Their correlation was determined by multiple regression analysis with SAS ver. 9.4. Results: Although the concentration of atmospheric VOCs in the residential areas were low at the time of survey, the levels of VOCs and PAHs metabolites in clean-up workers were higher than those in the control group after clean-up activities. The levels of urinary VOC and PAH metabolites were significantly increased after clean-up compared to those measured before participation. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were also increased and showed significant correlations with those of metabolites of benzene. Conclusion: This study shows that oil spill clean-up activities affect exposure to VOCs and PAHs and the health of clean-up workers. The results suggest the need for check-ups of participants in oil spill cleaning work.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2010

The effects of four types of tropical protein-rich trees on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion and blood metabolites in four Thai Brahman cattle (290${\pm}$2.5 kg) were studied. The animals were fed twice daily, with each feeding consisting of 1 kg (fresh weight) rice straw and one of the four dietary supplements: i) 1.98 kg oven-dried rain tree pods (RTP) and 20 g premix (RTPP), ii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried leucaena leaves and 20 g premix (LLRT), iii) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried cassia leaves and 20 g premix (CLRT) and iv) 980 g RTP and 1 kg sun-dried mulberry leaves and 20 g premix (MLRT). The apparent dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT supplement than in those fed the other supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed the CLRT and MLRT supplements than in those fed the other supplements. The N-balance of cattle fed LLRT and CLRT supplements was higher (p<0.05) than in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT supplements, whilst the apparent digestibility of N was highest (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement, compared to the other supplements. Allantoin and PD excretion in the urine, and the ratios of allantoin/DOMI and PD/DOMI were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP and MLRT than for those fed LLRT and CLRT supplements. Plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate (${\beta}$-HBA) and insulin concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed RTPP supplement than in those fed the other supplements. The study demonstrated the value of using local multipurpose trees (MPTs) to improve Brahman cattle feeding systems in the tropics.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2009

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Dianthi Semen Herba herbal-acupuncture (DS-HA) at KI10 (Umgok) on nephritis induced by LPS in rat. Methods : Rats were injected with LPS and treated with DS-HA at KI10 3 times for a week(DS-HA), N.P. group was treated 26 gauge needle at KI10, saline group was treated with normal saline at KI10. To estimate the effects of DS-HA at KI10 on nephritis in rats, WBC, neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine TNF-${\alpha}$, CINC-1 in serum, urinal volume and creatinean and total protein in urine, reanl TNF-${\alpha}$, renal MPO were measured and histological analysis of renal tissue was performed. Results : DS-HA at KI10 significantly decreased WBC and neutrophil in blood and BUN and creatinin in serum, MPO in kidney, and significantly increased urinary volume in LPS-stimulated rats. DS-HA at KI10 reduced accumulation of neutrophil in renal tissue of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : Taken together, DS-HA at KI10 has a protective or therapeutic effect for nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that DS-HA at KI10 may be an useful therapeutics in clinical field after further researches.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.163-180
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• 2007

Objective : Oriental medicines have been applied to Membranous nephropathy(MN) for the purpose on increasing renal blood flow and modulating immune activity in according to Oriental medicine theories. Magsungsinyeom-bang (MSSYB) is one of the prescription which is known to show positive results in clinic with lack of laboratorial evidence. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the effects of MSSYB and partially investigate the mechanisms of it. Methods : The effect of MSSYB was evaluated by the morphology for the GBM thickening, protein excretion in urine and biochemical parameters in serum using cBSA-induced MN mice model. Mice were administered with MSSYB(250 or 500 mg/kg) or PBS for control group from experimental week 3 for 4 weeks. Results : 24 hrs proteinuria and the concentrations BUN was significantly decreased in the MS groups compared to the control group while the concentrations of serum albumin was higher in the MS groups than control group. MSSYB didn't affect the ratio of CD3e+/CD or 19CD4+/CD8 in the spleen and kidney, but inhibit the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and production of IgG and IgM. In histological analysis of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM was significantly decreased in the MS group compared to control group. Conclusions : MSSYB showed the positive results on the cBSA-induced membranous nephropathy in mice, thus, it could be a useful candidate for oriental drug for treating the membranous nephropathy in clinic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2006

To investigate the exposure effect of benzene, we measured airborne benzene as external doses, uninary tt-muconic acid as an internal dose of benzene exposure and analyzed the relationship between tt-muconic acid concentration and benzene exposure. The study population of eight businesses included 157 workers(87 workers in field; exposure group, 70 workers in board; control group) who produce or use benzene in petrochemical industry. The concentrations of airborne benzene were evaluated by personal samples and urine was sampled at the pre and end shift. Urinary t,t-muconic acid as internal dose was to analyze the relationship with airborne benzene. The geometric means(GM) of airborne benzene was 0.0231 ppm(range ND-1.0471 ppm) in exposure group and 0.0147 ppm(range ND-0.3162 ppm) in control group. The geometric means(GM) of urinary t,t-muconic acid at end-shift was $196.8{\pm}2.23{\mu}g/g$ creatinine in exposure group and $149.2{\pm}2.08{\mu}g/g$ creatinine in control group. There was significant correlation between the airborne concentration of benzene and the urinary concentration of t,t-muconic acid( r=0.711, p<0.01). From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis about t,t-muconic acid at end-shift, significant independents was airborne benzene. In this study, there were significant correlation between the urinary concentration of t,t-muconic acid and the airborne concentration of benzene. More extensive studies ruling out healthy worker effect is needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20373, a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20373 in plasma, tissue, and urine was performed by both HPLC and microbiological assay. The plasma drug concentration declined biexponentially both rats and beagle dogs. In the rats, the terminal drug elimination half-life (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) was 64 min (IV) and 57 min (PO) by bioassay, and 76 min (IV) and 77 min (PO) by HPLC. Whereas in beagle dogs, t$_{1}$2$\beta$/ was 196 min (IV) and 350 min (PO). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd$_{ss}$ ) was 811 ml/kg (bioassay) and 2061 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 2738 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl$_{t}$) of DWP20373 was 10 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 7 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 11 m1/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 49% (bioassay) and 67% (HPLC) in rats, and 84% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The 24-h urinary recovery, measured by bioassay, was 2.7% after oral dosing and 5.5% after intravenous dosing in rats. Serum protein binding ratio determined at 27g/ml was 78%. This drug was also distributed in tissues in the decreasing order of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, and muscle determined at 30 min after oral administration.on.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was carried out to understand the prevalence and risk factors of green tobacco sickness (GTS) among Korean tobacco harvesters. Methods : The authors conducted a questionnaire among the tobacco harvesters (1,064 persons from 555 out of 723 tobacco harvesting households) in Cheongsong-gun for 4 days from May 7 to 10, 2002. Results : The study subjects were 550 males and 514 females. The recognition and experience of GTS up until 2001 were 96.4% and 61.9%, respectively. The prevalence of GTS in 2001 was 42.5%, and was significantly higher in females than in males (59.0% vs. 26.6%, p<0.01). The incidence density of GTS according to the number of workdays in 2001 was 12.3 spells/100 person..days. The GTS symptoms reported by the tobacco harvesters in 2001 were dizziness in 441 cases (97.6%), nausea in 414 (91.6%), headache in 349 (77.2%) and vomiting in 343 (75.9%). The use of gloves, hat and wristlets, sweating at work and the number of working hours significantly increased the prevalence of GTS (p<0.05). Multiple logistic re- gression analysis was used to determine the factors significantly associated with GTS. Odds ratios for smoking, working over 10 hours and sweating at work were 0.26 (95% CI:0.19-0.35), 1.64 (95% CI:1.26-2.14) and 1.60 (95% CI:1.14-2.25), respectively. Of those who reported GTS in 2001, 311 cases (68.8%) underwent treatment from their local medical facilities. Conclusions : In Korea, there are many tobacco-harvesting households, and most may be stricken with GTS. More extensive epidemiological studies, including the incidence and associated risk factors, are expected and a surveillance system including measurements of cotinine in urine should be conducted.