• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1985

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the spoiled product and its characteristics on various formaldehyde-releasing preservatives were investigated. This strain, P. aeruginosa FR, could utilize 1.0% of imidazolidinyl urea and 0.2% of DMDM hydantoin as a sole carbon and nitrogen source in the minimal salts medium. With the growth of the strain in minimal salts medium containing imidazolidinyl urea, formic acid was initially accumulated according to the decrease of formaldehyde concentration. It was suggested that formaldehyde dehydrogenase was involved in this oxidation process and could catalyze formaldehyde, imidazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin and quaternium-15, but not bronopol. MICs of this strain to each preservation were 0.03% in formaldehyde, 1.0% in imidazolidinyl urea, 0.2% in DMDM hydantoin, 0.2% in quaternium-15 and 0.1% of EDTA-2Na. But the MICs were diminished about ten times when 0.01% of EDTA-2Na was added to the preservative systems. In actual challenge test, the eyeliner and the pack which contained paraben and imidazolidinyl urea were not able to be protected from this strain, but when 0.05% EDTA-2Na was added the products were sufficiently preserved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.735-741
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• 1999

The effects of supplementation with nitrogen molasses mineral blocks and molasses urea mix during and immediately prior to the dry season on the production of dairy cows were studied on-station and on-farm near Morogoro, Tanzania. Supplementation of blocks to on-station cows also receiving ad libitum grass hay and 6 kg/d of maize bran increased milk production from 6.7 L/d to 11.2 L/d (p<0.05), increased dry matter intake from 10.1 kg/d to 12.0 kg/d (p<0.05), but did not significantly affect milk composition, intake of hay, and live weight changes. This increase in milk yield is mainly explained by increased intakes of energy and nitrogen. Supplementation with the molasses urea mix increased daily milk yield from 6.7 L/d to 8.8 L/d (p<0.05), but did not significantly affect the other measured production parameters. The on-farm supplementation of the blocks increased daily milk yield by 1.5 L/d in the dry season (p<0.05). This supplementation did not increase milk yields prior to the dry season, since quality forage was still available. Taking the production costs into account, supplementation with the blocks and supplementation with mix were cost effective if milk yields increased by 0.7 L/d. Hence supplementation with blocks and supplementation with mix were effective on-station, and supplementation with blocks was cost effective on-farm during the dry season.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen supplementation through urea-molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) on the performance of dairy cows fed good quality forage based diets with rice straw as a night feeding. A total of 10 multiparous crossbred dairy cows in their early lactation were grouped into two categories based on their breed, parity, body weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein contents and daily fed a chopped CO-3 grass (Pennisetum purpureum ${\times}$ Pennisetum americanum; hybrid Napier) ad-libitum, 1 kg of dairy cow concentrate feed during the day time and 5 kg of rice straw (dry matter basis) at night as the basal diet (control) for 5 wk. In addition to the basal diet, the treatment group received 300 g of crushed UMMB daily throughout the experimental period. Cows were milked twice daily and the milk yields were recorded. Milk and feed samples were collected weekly for chemical analysis. Supplementation of UMMB had no significant effects (p>0.05) on straw intake, daily milk yield, contents and yields of milk constituents such as milk fat, protein, lactose and solids-non-fat. In addition, milk urea nitrogen content were not affected (p>0.05) by UMMB supplementation. However, numerical increments in all the parameters measured were observed during the study in cows fed diets supplemented with UMMB. It can be concluded that nitrogen supplied through UMMB had no effects on production performances of dairy cows in this study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.217-220
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• 1979

Effects of nitrogen containing herbicides, Asulam(methyl-(4-aminobenzenesulphonyl)-carbamate), dimetametryne (2-methyl-4-ethylamino-6-(1,2-dimethyl propylamino)-S-triazine) and linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-metoxy-1-methyl urea) at rates of 0.5,2,4 mg/100g soil on urease activity were studied in urea added and unadded soil by incubating at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 80 days. The enzyme activity was somewhat suppressed by asulam and dimetametryne in soils treated with urea. Unlike the above results, the enzyme activity in soil treated with linuron was kept higher as compared with that in soil treated with urea only.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2009

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium sources on growth and yield of strawberry 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang' in fertigation culture. The plant fresh and dry weight were higher in urea + potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate + potassium sulfate as nitrogen and potassium sources than others in both varieties. But there were no significant difference among nitrogen and potassium sources in other growth characteristics, such as plant height, no. of leaf, crown diameter etc. Also, the marketable yield of fruit were higher in urea + potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate + potassium sulfate in 'Seolhyang' than other treatments. 'Maehyang' was better in both treatments but there was no significant difference. The fruit qualities, such as total soluble solid, hardness, acidity, vitamin C content were not significant difference among the treatments. The acidity of soil was tended to decrease but EC was tended to increase highly in ammonium sulfate treatments as a nitrogen source. As above results, the urea and potassium sulfate were recommended as nitrogen and potassium sources for the fertigation culture of strawberry 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang'.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2006

A series of four in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate condensed molasses solubles (CMS) as a source of nitrogen for ruminal microbes. In experiment 1, as compared with urea, the value of CMS as a nitrogen source was examined. In experiment 2, to determine the time needed for maximal response of microbial synthesis, the treatments were incubated for increasing times (from 6 h to 16 h). Because a sediment that was assumed to cause nitrogen loss was found after incubation in experiments 1 and 2, it was decided to avoid formation of sediment using sugar instead of molasses or a shorter time incubation (experiments 3 and 4). Furthermore, in experiment 4, because the extent to which ammonia nitrogen is released from CMS and urea before 6 h of incubation was uncertain, it was decided to examine the peaks of concentrations of ammonia nitrogen released from CMS and urea by sampling after 2 h incubation. There was no significant difference in the concentration of microbial-N between molasses/CMS and molasses/ urea treatments in experiment 1, although there were greater decreases in ammonia concentration with the molasses/CMS treatment. The microbial protein synthesis was increased progressively until 10 h for both treatments (experiment 2). Although ingredients that were completely soluble (sucrose, urea) were used in experiment 3, the sediment was still evident suggesting that the sediment was largely of microbial not feed origin. Ammonia release from CMS was much faster than from urea during 2 h incubation. In conclusion, the results of the present studies suggest that the feed value of CMS as a source of nitrogen for ruminal bacteria was similar to that of urea when it was estimated in vitro.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.827-831
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• 1995

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2015

National and international regulations on the exhaust gases of diesel engines are being strengthened, and a study of the combutsion engine and the post-porcessing system are in progress as a variety of ways. There are many techniques for the removal of nitrogen oxide like HC-SCR, LNT, Urea-SCR. And the technical development on the Urea-SCR owing to high conversion efficiency and fuel economy characteristics has being processed. This study investigated the physical/chemical properties of urea according to the change of the urea content, and were analysed the characteristic of exhaust gas. According to the increase of urea content, the contests of biuret aldehyde, phosphate content was increased and the changes of emission quantity of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter in the exhaust gas was very slight. The emission quantity of NOx was decreased in accordance with increasing the urea content and it was shown to be more than 80 % in the urea solution having more than 30 wt%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.76-87
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• 2005

Various disorders cause hyperammonemia during childhood. Amongthem are those caused by inherited defects in urea synthesis and related metabolic pathways. These disorders can be grouped into two types: disorders of the enzymes that comprise the urea cycle, and disorders of the transporters or metabolites of theamino acids related to the urea cycle. Principal clinical features of these disorders are caused by elevated levels of blood ammonium. Additional disease-specific symptoms are related to the particular metabolic defect. These specific clinical manifestations are often due to an excess or lack of specific amino acids. Treatment of urea cycle disorders and related metabolic diseases consists of nutritional restriction of proteins, administration of specific amino acids, and use of alternative pathways for discarding excess nitrogen. Although combinations of these treatments are extensively employed, the prognosis of severe cases remains unsatisfactory. Liver transplantation is one alternative for which a better prognosis is reported.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

Chinese cabbage cultivation and ammonia volatilization experiments were done to evaluate the efficiency of Agrotain coated urea (GSP 80% + Agro; GSP 100% + Agro) against conventional urea (GSP 80%; GSP 100%). Fresh weight of Chinese cabbage were 17.2% and 7.3% higher in the treatments that received GSP 80% + Agro and GSP 100% + Agro, respectively, of those from the treatments that received urea alone. Likewise, the nitrogen use efficiency of Chinese cabbage in the treatments that received Agrotain coated urea were significantly higher at the rate of 3.5% (GSP 80% + Agro) and 1.9% (GSP 100% + Agro) compared to urea alone treatments. Ammonia emission was substantially higher at the rate of $107.6N\;mg\;chamber^{-1}$ with the application of only GSP 100%. However, nearly 28.3% of ammonia emission was considerably reduced with the use of Agrotain coated urea. Hence, we recommend the use of Agrotain coated urea in conventional farming for increased crop yield as well as simultaneous reduction of nitrogenous fertilizer use.