• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2007

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common in korea and high incidence at gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. $^{14}C-urea$ breath test ($^{14}C-UBT$) is regarded as a highly reliable and non-invasive method for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnositc performance of a new and rapid $^{14}C-UBT$, which was equipped with Geiger-Muller counter and compared the results with those obtained by gastroduodenoscopic biopsies (GBx). One hundred sixty-eight patients (M : F = 118 : 50) underwent $^{14}C-UBT$, rapid urease test (CLO test), and GBx. The results of $^{14}C-UBT$ were classified as positive (>50 cpm), borderline (25$^{14}C-UBT$ or CLO test results with GBx as a glod standard. In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the $^{14}C-UBT$ global performance yielded positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 93.3% and 83.3%, respectively. However, the CLO test had performance yielded positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 76.9%, 50.0%, respectively. In this study $^{14}C-UBT$ is a highly accurate, simple and non-invasive method or the diagnosis of follow up H. pylori infection.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.280.2-280.2
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• 2003

The applicability of liquid chromatography-atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS) for the determination of 13C-urea in 13C-urea/PEG capsules has been studied. It is essential to assess the stability of a newly developed low-dose (38 mg) 13C-urea/PEG capsule. which will be used for 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) to detect Helicobacter pylori infection. (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

Purpose: $^{14}C$-urea breath test (UBT) is a non-invasive and reliable method for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of a new and rapid $^{14}C$-UBT (Heliprobe method), which was equipped with $Geiger-M\ddot{u}ller$ counter and compared the results with those obtained by using the conventional method. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine patients with dyspepsia underwent gastroduodenoscopy and $^{14}C$-UBT. A 37 KBq $^{14}C$-urea capsule was administered to patients and breath samples were collected. In Heliprobe method, patients exhaled into a Hellprobe BreathCard for 10 min. And then the activities of the BreathCard were countered using Heliprobe analyzer. In the conventional method, results were countered using liquid scintillation counter. During gastroduodenoscopy, 18 of 49 patients were underwent biopsies. According to these histologic results, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of two different methods and compared them. Also we evaluated the concordant and disconcordant rates between them. Results: In all 49 patients, concordant rate of both conventional and Heliprobe methods was 98% (48/49) and the discordant rate was 2% (1/49). Thirteen of 18 patients to whom biopsies were applied, were found to be HP positive on histologic results. And both Heliprobe method and conventional method classified 13 of 13 HP-positive patients and 5 of 5 HP-negative patients correctly (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%, accuracy 100%). Conclusion: The Heliprobe method demonstrated the same diagnostic performance compared with the conventional method and was a simpler and more rapid technique.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

Purpose: The C-14 urea breath test (C-14 UBT) is the most specific noninvasive method to detect Helicobacter (H) pylori infection. We investigated if the C-14 UBT can reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori detected by gastroduodenoscopic biopsies (GBx). Materials and methods: One hundred fifty patients (M:F=83:67, age $48.6{\pm}11.2$ yrs) underwent C-14 UBT, rapid urease test (CLO test) and GBx on the same day. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (137 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive (${\geq}200dpm$), Intermediate ($50{\sim}199dpm$) or negative (<50 dpm). The results of CLO tests were classified as positive or negative according to color change. The results of GBx on giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. Results: In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.5%, 88.4%, 97.1%, 88.4% and 91.3%, respectively. However, the CLO test had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 83.2%, 81.4%, 91.8%, 81.4% and 82.7%, respectively. The quantitative values of the C-14 UBT were $45{\pm}27$ dpm in grade 0, $707{\pm}584dpm$ in grade 1, $1558{\pm}584dpm$ in grade 2, $1851{\pm}604dpm$ in grade 3, and $2719{\pm}892dpm$ in grade 4. A significant correlation (r=0.848, p<0.01) was found between C-14 UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection on GBx with giemsa stain. Conclusion: We conclude that the C-14 UBT is a highly accurate, simple and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of ongoing H. pylori infection and reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Purpose: A urea breath test (UBT) using C-14 or C-13 has been developed for identifying Helicobacter (H) pylori infection on the basis of urease production with release of labeled $CO_2$. We investigated if the C-14 and C-13 UBT have the difference to reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori infection detected by gastro-duodenoscopic biopsies (CBx) in the same patients. Materials and methods: Thirty eight patients (M:F = 28:10, age $53.4{\pm}13.0$ yrs) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as indigestion, gastric fullness or pain consecutively underwent C-14 UBT, GBx and C-13 UBT within one week before medications. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (37 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive (${\ge}$ 200 dpm), intermediate (50-199 dpm) or negative (50 dpm). For the C-13 UBT, the results were classified as positive (${\ge}2.5\%_{\circ}$) or negative ($<2.5\%_{\circ}$). The results of GBx with Giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT and C-13 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection by GBx with Giemsa stain was 25/38 (65.8%). In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.0%, 92.3%, 95.8%, 91.7% and 92.1%, respectively. However, the C-13 UBT had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 96.0%, 84.6%, 92.3%, 91.7% and 92.1%, respectively. The more significant correlation in C-14 than C-13 UBT (r=0.948 vs r=0.819, p <0.001) was found between the value of UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection. Conclusion: We conclude that the diagnostic performance between C-14 and C-13 UBT to detect H. pylori infection is not significantly different, but the value of C-14 UBT more significantly reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2016

Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly during childhood and causes various diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and iron deficiency anemia. Although H. pylori infection in children differs from adults in many ways, this is often overlooked in clinical practice. Unlike adults, nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. Histopathological findings of gastric tissues are also different in children due to predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the formation of gastric MALT. Although endoscopy is recommended for the initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, several non-invasive diagnostic tests such as the urea breath test (UBT) and the H. pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) are available and well validated even in children. According to recent data, both the $^{13}C$-UBT and HpSA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are reliable non-invasive tests to determine H. pylori status after eradication therapy, although children younger than 6 years are known to have high false positives. When invasive or noninvasive tests are applied to children to detect H. pylori infection, it should be noted that there are differences between children and adults in diagnosing H. pylori infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1797-1802
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to assess clinical factors associated with Helicobacter pylori positivity and to evaluate the incidence of gastric carcinoma in first-degree family members of infected patients. A total of 580 patients (mean age:$38{\pm}17$) with gastrointestinal complaints underwent C-14 urea breath test (UBT). Patients were grouped as: Group-1, untreated patients (n:384); and Group-2, patients who previously treated with eradication triple therapy (n:196). C-14 UBT was performed 1-2 months after the completion of eradication therapy. Associations of H pylori positivity with age, gender, ABO and Rhesus groups, smoking, dietary habits, and history of gastric cancer in first-degree family members were evaluated. The frequency of H pylori positivity was significantly higher in group-1 (58%) compared to group-2 (20%), p=0.001. There were no correlations between H pylori positivity and age, gender, ABO groups, Rhesus subgroups, smoking and dietary habits in both patient groups. The frequency of gastric cancer in family members was significantly higher in patients with H pylori infection among group-1, compared to infected patients among group-2 (56% vs. 28.6% respectively, p=0.03). We observed a significant association between H pylori positivity and the presence of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives of group-1 patients. Our results provide some confirmation of the presence of a link between gastric cancer development and H pylori. C-14 UBT is a sensitive, reliable and a widely recommended test for the detection of H pylori infection and recurrence. We suggest that detection and eradication of H pylori may contribute to a reduced risk of gastric cancer in the family members of infected patients.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.572-576
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• 2009

Purpose: Helicobacter (H) pylori infection has been considered the most important cause of gastritis, dyspepsia, and gastroduodenal ulcer. Radioiodine can be accumulated in the remaining thyroid tissue, salivary gland, and stomach. We investigated if the high radiation induced by radioiodine in the stomach after high dose radioiodine therapy (HD-RIT) is effective in the eradication of H. pylori infection. Materials and Methods: One hundred ninety nine patients (M:F=33:166, age $46.7{\pm}12.3$ years) who had HD-RIT (dose $159.1{\pm}25.9\;mCi$, range 120-250 mCi) after thyroidectomy due to well differentiated thyroid cancer were enrolled. To detect H. pylori infection, the urea breath tests (UBT) were performed at 1 hour before HD-RIT and at 4 weeks after HD-RIT. The results of UBT were classified as positive (${\geq}50\;dpm$) or negative (<50 dpm), and analyzed its values. Results: Of 199 patients, 103 (51.8%) patients had positive UBT before HD-RIT. Of these, 80 patients had follow-up UBT after HD-RIT. Among them, 76 (95.0%) patients had persistent positive UBT and only 4 (5.0%) patients were changed negative UBT. Among 76 patients with persistent positive UBT, 26 (34.2%) patients had increased the values of follow-up UBT, 49 (64.5%) had decreased them, and 1 (1.3%) had shown the same value. The different values of UBT between before and after HD-RIT were $62{\pm}66.1\;dpm$ in increased one of follow-up UBT, and $153.3{\pm}157.1\;dpm$ in decreased one of follow-up UBT. Conclusion: We conclude that the radiation induced by HD-RIT is ineffective in the eradication of H. pylori infection. However, it could be influential the degree or distribution of H. pylori infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

Purpose : The reinfection rate of H. pylori reported before $^{13}C$-urea breath test($^{13}C$-UBT) era was higher than that of the post $^{13}C$-UBT era. Children are usually reluctant to receive invasive endoscopic evaluation for the reinfection of H. pylori, particularly when they are asymptomatic. The aim of the study is to discover the reinfection rate by different diagnostic tests, and to find out what causes the difference. Methods : Children confirmed to be eradicated from H. pylori were included in the study. Reinfection was evaluated by endoscopic biopsy based tests(n=34, mean age $11.5{\pm}3.7$ years) and/or a $^{13}C$-UBT(n=38, mean age $10.0{\pm}3.6$ years) at the time of 18 months after eradication. At first visit, H. pylori infection had been diagnosed by positive results from a rapid urease test, Giemsa stain and Warthin-Starry stain and/or a positive culture. Eradication was defined as negative results from all above tests 1-3 months after eradication therapy. Results : Reinfection rate by endoscopic biopsy based tests was 35.3 percent(12/34). All patients had abdominal symptoms(P=0.000). Reinfection rate was 13.2 percent(5/38) by a $^{13}C$-UBT. Reinfection rate was higher in children with abdominal symptoms(P=0.008). There was no evidence that reinfection rate depended on the sex(P=0.694), age(P=0.827), diseases(peptic ulcers vs gastritis, P=0.730) and eradication regimen(P=0.087). Conclusion : Helocibacter pylori reinfection rate in Korean children was 13.2 percent per 18 months by a non-invasive test or $^{13}C$-UBT. Accurate determinations of the reinfection rate in children is affected by the compliance of the diagnostic tests. Non-invasive tests should be considered to investigate the reinfection rate in children.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 2005

This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgY powder to suppress infection of Helicobacter pylori in humans. Hens were immunized with H. pylori to produce a specific anti-H. pylori IgY in their egg yolks, and then anti-H. pylori IgY Powder was used a sample after egg yolks were harvested The safety tests of anti-H. pylori IgY powder were conducted a acute and subacute toxicity test, The result was that the mice fed IgY powder were normal state on a acute and subacute toxicity test The effect of anti-H. pylori IgY powder was evaluated by urease breath test, Volunteers who tested positive for H. pylori using a $^{13}C-urea$ breath test were divided in two groups, one was administrated with anti-H. pylori IgY powder (11.2g/day) and natural extract mixture and the other was administrated with water soluble protein fraction (3.2g/day) of anti-H. pylori IgY powder, The results of clinical test in two groups were shown reduction of UBT value about 23 and 18 respectively. This result indicates that anit-H. pylori IgY is safety and can be used toy the effective supplement as an ingredient of functional food.