• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.3 s.178
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• pp.255-268
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• 2006

Recent 22-year (1981-2002) meteorological data of 58 Korea Meteorological Adminstration (KMA) station were analyzed to investigate spatial and temporal variation of surface air temperature (SAT) and ground surface temperature (GST) in Korea. Based on the KMA data, multiple linear regression (MLR) models, having two regression variables of latitude and altitude, were presented to predict mean surface air temperature (MSAT) and mean ground surface temperature (MGST). Both models showed a high accuracy of prediction with $R^2$ values of 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. The prediction of MGST is particularly important in the areas of geothermal energy utilization, since it is a critical parameter of input for designing the ground source heat pump system. Thus, due to a good performance of the MGST regression model, it is expected that the model can be a useful tool for preliminary evaluation of MGST in the area of interest with no reliable data. By a simple linear regression, temporal variation of SAT was analyzed to examine long-term increase of SAT due to the global warming and the urbanization effect. All of the KMA stations except one showed an increasing trend of SAT with a range between 0.005 and $0.088^{\circ}C/yr$ and a mean of $0.043^{\circ}C/yr$. In terms of meteorological factors controlling variation of GST, the effects of solar radiation, terrestrial radiation, precipitation, and snow cover were also discussed based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the meteorological data.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.591-600
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• 2010

We estimated and compared C storages and annual $CO_2$ uptakes by 9 dominant tree species planted along the streets. DBH and age by tree species were measured in the sites selected considering the planting status and distributions of tree species, and biomass, C storage, growth rate, and annual $CO_2$ uptake were estimated for each species. As a result, L. tulipifera, M. glyptostroboides, P. occidentalis were classified into fast-growing group, P. serrulata, G. biloba, Z. serrata, S. japonica, A. palmatum showed intermediate growth rates, and P. densiflora was slow-growing. Average C storage per tree was 205kgC/tree and ranged from 518kgC/tree(L. tulipifera) to 41kgC/tree(P. densiflora). Average annual $CO_2$ uptake by urban street trees over their lifespan ranged from $7.6kgCO_2$/tree/y to $99.1kgCO_2$/tree/y and L. tulipifera was the greatest, followed by glyptostroboides and P. occidentalis, and P. densiflora was the lowest. Total annual $CO_2$ uptake by all street trees in Gyeonggi-do, estimated based on the annual $CO_2$ uptake by each species, was as small as approximately 0.67% of that by forest in Gyeonggi-do. However, urban trees are still important because forest area continues to decrease and urbanization occurs annually in Gyeonggi-do, and should be managed considering their multi-functional aspects, including mitigation of heat island effect and building energy saving(indirect $CO_2$ uptake).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2006

Growth in population and urbanization has progressively increased the loadings of pollutants from non-point sources as well as point sources. Accordingly, release of contaminants from non-point sources, released with surface runoff of rainwater, is influenced by atmospheric phenomena, geology, and topography. This makes the control of non-point source difficult. Therefore, this study intends to reveal the characteristics of runoff and particle size distribution to observe the fundamental characteristics of runoff. Experiments were carried out at inner road of research center. Average concentration of runoff ranged from 26.8 to 126.4 mg/L for SS and $COD_{Cr}\;15.3{\sim}117.7mg/L,\;TN\;0.07{\sim}5.16mg/L,\;TP\;0.06{\sim}0.49mg/L$ and heavy metals $0.00{\sim}0.29mg/L$. First flush, indicated wash off of pollutant at first rain, was observed for all types of pollutants. Most pollutants revealed a very close correlation with SS ($R^2=0.93{\sim}0.99$). After analyzing characteristics of particle, particle was finer than that from previously examined data.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-161
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• 2003

During the last century, most scientific questions related to climate change were focused on the evidence of anthropogenic global warming (IPCC, 2001). There are robust evidences of warming and also human-induced climate change. We now understand the global, mean change a little bit better; however, the uncertainties for regional climate change still remains large. The purpose of this study is to understand the past climate change over Korea based on the observational data and to project future regional climate change over East Asia using ECHAM4/HOPE model and MM5 for downscaling. There are significant evidences on regional climate change in Korea, from several variables. The mean annual temperature over Korea has increased about 1.5∼$1.7^{\circ}C$ during the 20th century, including urbanization effect in large cities which can account for 20-30% of warming in the second half of the 20th century. Cold extreme temperature events occurred less frequently especially in the late 20th century, while hot extreme temperature events were more common than earlier in the century. The seasonal and annual precipitation was analyzed to examine long-term trend on precipitation intensity and extreme events. The number of rainy days shows a significant negative trend, which is more evident in summer and fall. Annual precipitation amount tends to increase slightly during the same period. This suggests an increase of precipitation intensity in this area. These changes may influence on growing seasons, floods and droughts, diseases and insects, marketing of seasonal products, energy consumption, and socio-economic sectors. The Korean Peninsular is located at the eastern coast of the largest continent on the earth withmeso-scale mountainous complex topography and itspopulation density is very high. And most people want to hear what will happen in their back yards. It is necessary to produce climate change scenario to fit forhigh-resolution (in meteorological sense, but low-resolution in socio-economic sense) impact assessment. We produced one hundred-year, high-resolution (∼27 km), regional climate change scenario with MM5 and recognized some obstacles to be used in application. The boundary conditions were provided from the 240-year simulation using the ECHAM4/HOPE-G model with SRES A2 scenario. Both observation and simulation data will compose past and future regional climate change scenario over Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.104-109
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• 2017

The flooding and deterioration of water quality caused by urbanization and climate change are becoming more serious. In order to respond to this, studies on low impact development (LID) technology, which is designed to restore the hydrological system of the urban basin to its natural state, have been actively pursued all over the world, The announcement of the low carbon green growth law, hydrophilic area special law, etc., highlights the importance of technology such as the LID method. However, whereas various developments have been made in relation to the current LID element technology, there has been little research designed to verify its effectiveness. In this study, we analyzed the optimum spatial distribution of pitcher fire pitcher packing in parking lots using the K - LIDM model to verify the effectiveness of the low impact development (LID) method in the early stages. Using the eight package scenario and the three rain intensity scenarios, it was found that the lower 40% pitcher packaging results in an approximately 90% spill reduction effect, as in the case of the whole pitcher's package. The confirmation of these analyses and experimental verification is expected to ensure that the actual pitcher packaging will be used as a basis for arranging LID facilities such as urban planning and housing development in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

Increase of delivery effect of pollutant loads and surface runoff due to urbanization of catchment area results in serious environmental problems in receiving urban streams. This study aims to develop integrated stormwater management system to assist efficient urban stream flow and water quality control using information from the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), real time water level and quality monitoring system and remote or automatic treatment facility control system. Based on field observations in the study site, most of the pollutant loads are flushed within 4 hours of the rainfall event. SWMM simulation results indicates that the treatment system can store up to 6 mm of cumulative rainfall in the study catchment area, and this means any type of normal rainfall situation can be treated using the system. Relationship between rainfall amount and fill time were developed for various rainfall duration for operation of stormwater treatment system in this study. This study can further provide inputs of river water quality model and thus can effectively assist integrated water resources management in urban catchment and streams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2015

With rapid urbanization, the volume of traffic in urban area has been significantly increased. This in turn led to problem which can be described as Road Traffic Noise. Currently, to alleviate the road traffic noise damage, a demand for installation of soundproofing walls is rising. Among different shapes of soundproof walls being installed, the reflection-type acoustical insulation panel is highly drawing attentions of residents due to the fact that it does not obstruct their field of vision in contrast with the opaque acoustical insulation panel. On the other hand, improving the soundproofing wall of the reflection-type acoustical insulation barrier panel needs to be focused on since it has a possibility to cause a secondary damage by reflected sounds. Therefore, in this research, study has been carried out to improve the forms in order to minimize travelling of reflected sounds through changing the frontal surface shape and geometrical shape of the reflection-type soundproofing panel. A result from comparison between the normal reflection-type soundproofing panel and the improved soundproofing panel, with reduction effects in the noise reflection, showed that the curved type of soundproofing panel has an impact on reducing the noise up to 1.5 dB. Furthermore, from the research conducted, it appears that the increase and decrease in the reflected sounds can be changeable depending on various design factors. Thus, it turns out that the study shows a potential possibility to develop a reduction technology of the reflected sounds pertaining to overall condition on the soundproofing walls.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.601-611
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• 2011

Land cover changes are occurring for a variety of reasons such as urbanization, infrastructure construction, desertification, drought, flood, and so on. Many researchers have studied the cause and effect of land cover changes, and also the methods for change detection. However, most of the detection methods are based on the dichotomy of "change" and "not change" according a threshold value. In this paper, we present a change detection method with the integration of probability, spatial autocorrelation, and hotspot detection. We used the AMOEBA (A Multidirectional Ecotope-Based Algorithm) and developed the AMOEBA-CH (core hotspot) because the original algorithm tends to produce too many clusters. Our method considers the probability of land cover changes and the spatial interactions between each pixel and its neighboring pixels using a local spatial autocorrelation measure. The core hotspots of land cover changes can be delineated by a contiguity-dominance model of our AMOEBA-CH method. We tested our algorithm in a simulation for land cover changes using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data in South Korea between 2000 and 2008.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

The increase in the area of impervious water due to the recent abnormal weather conditions and rapid urbanization led to a decrease in the amount of low current, resulting in an increase in the amount of surface runoff. Increased surface runoff is causing erosion, destruction of underwater ecosystems, human and property damage in urban areas due to flooding of urban river. The damage has been increasing in Korea recently due to localized heavy rains, typhoons and floods. As a countermeasure, the Busan Metropolitan Government will proceed with the creation of the Eco-Delta City waterfront zone in Busan with the aim of creating a future-oriented waterfront city from 2012 to 2023. Therefore, the current urban river conditions and precipitation data were collected by utilizing SWMM developed by the Environment Protection Agency, and the target basin was selected to simulate flood damage. Measures to reduce flood damage in various cases were proposed using simulated data. It is a method to establish a disaster prevention plan for each case by establishing scenario for measures to reduce flood damage. Considering structural and non-structural measures by performing an analysis of the drainage door with a 30-year frequency of 80 minutes duration, the expansion effect of the drainage pump station is considered to be greater than that of the expansion of the drainage door, and 8 scenarios and corresponding alternatives were planned in combination with the pre-excluding method, which is a non-structural disaster prevention measure. As a result of the evaluation of each alternative, it was determined that 100㎥/s of the pump station expansion and the pre-excluding EL.(-)1.5m were the best alternatives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.198-203
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• 2006

Recently, the construction wastes increase rapidly due to the revitalization of reconstruction and redevelopment, the development of new urbanization of large housing development, the expansion of social infrastructure, and so on. To solve rapid increase of construction waste, the government established "the rule on the promotion of recycling of construction waste" in December, 2003. According to the rule, construction wastes can be recycled by either processing on commission or discharger of construction waste. However, most of construction waste can be recycled by processing on commission. One of the most reason is that it is difficult for proving economic effect of site recycling by discharger. This study investigated and analyzed in a generation and disposal process, status of recycling, and procedure and process of site recycling of construction waste. Also, this study proved the validation of site recycling for construction waste as economic efficiency is analyzed through the case study of site recycling at large housing development district. The results of this study can utilize the establishment of policy and basic data of feasibility for site recycling of construction waste.