• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary culture consciousness of rural and urban housewives through a nationwide survey. Interviewers interviewed 500 housewives(250 in rural and 250 in urban) using closed-ended questions. The dietary culture consciousness was divided into two parts of traditional aspect (dietary habit and ritual diet) and desirable aspect (food choice and nutrition knowledge). Each domain consisted of six items. Results of the study are summarized as fellows : 1) As a whole, dietary culture consciousness of rural housewives was more traditional than that of urban housewives in traditional aspect, and there was no difference of consciousness between rural and urban housewives in desirable aspect. 2) There was significant difference at 1% level between two groups in traditional aspect and there was no difference in desirable aspect. 3) By the analysis of each item, there was significant difference between two groups in 14 items. Especially, the item of westernized breakfast pattern was more acceptable in urban housewives than in rural. 4) In relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of housewives and dietary consciousness of them, age, educational level and religion of housewife were significant in traditional aspect, and so were educational level and job experience of housewives in desirable aspect. Dietary consciousness of rural housewives' was influenced by job experience (in traditional aspect) and age of housewives and level of living (in desirable aspect) In the case of urban housewives, level of living was significant in traditional aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2013

In the midst of growing demand for rural life of urban dwellers, this study tried to investigate the difference in behavior and recognition about urban rural exchange between Korea and Japan. For this, this study utilized 2,000 total samples of the survey conducted by MLIT in Japan, because Japan has experienced a low birth rate and aging population earlier and actively promoting urban rural exchange program than South Korea. The result of the analysis is as follows. First, the needs for rural life of urban dwellers are similar both in Japan and South Korea. However, Japanese prioritize future efforts to current efforts. Second, urban dwellers' activities in rural areas were classified into three categories; field trips and hands-on activities, cruise and circulating activities, and leisure activities. Third, similarly three types of visit or intercourse of urban dwellers into rural areas were classified; repeatedly visit the same place as 'iterative type', visit a new place as 'new pioneer type', and not yet determined as 'undefined type'. Variables such as age of household, income, number of inmate, and number of children were analyzed linked to these three types of visit or intercourse in a Discriminant analysis. As a result, only 'age of household', however, turned out to be the crucial factor which influence decisively distinguishing characteristics of these three types of visit into rural areas.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 1997

The purpose of the study is to examine the differences between rural and urban in the factors and the level of stress in adolescent, inner control and communication with parents. Also, It is to research the influence of environmental variables, inner control and communication with parents on adolescent's stress in sides of rural and urban. Therefore, I provide needed data in instructing students. For the data set, academic high school students in second grade in a town for rural and Su-Seung gu, Dal-Sugu, chung gu in Dae-gu for urban were chosen. The data were analyzed with the frequency, percentage, factor analysis Mean, S.D, reliability, t-test, regression in use of Spss PC+ Program. The main results are as follow. First, for rural students, stress level is displayed studies, future0affair, life-attitude, companions, self-assurance and home life in order by lower sphere. For urban students, it is displayed future-affair, studies, life-attitude, companions, self-assurance and home life in order by lower shpere. In case of rural "I don't know effective study method" is highly displayed by factors. In case of urban. "I am tired of a competitive life" is highly displayed. The mean of stress level is 3.22 for rural and 3.07 for urban. The differences between rural and urban are showed in self-assurance, studies and companions. Finally when we see the stress generally the stress level is higher in rural high school students than in urban high school students. Second, rural students are lower displayed than urban students in inner control and communication with parents. There is no difference urban students in inner control and communication with parents. There is no difference in communication with a mother. third, influential variables on stress level are inner control, communication with parents, satisfaction with companions and school life as environmental variables in sides of rural and urban. Physical condition is added for rural and sex for urban Finally we get the result that stress level is high in low inner control, poor communication with parents, bad companions and unsatisfied school life for both rural and urban. Bad physical condition for rural and female for urban are added.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.209-224
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• 2002

In this study, Rural and urban housewives were compared in terms of their clothing practical use and clothing buying behavior. For the analysis, a nation-wide stratified sampling was made across the rural and urban areas. As a result, 400 subjects of housewives were selected and were asked to answer the questionnaire. Results of the analysis were as follows: 1. Both rural and urban housewives were found to have reliable knowledge about the kinds of clothes they are possessing. However, there were significant differences in the knowledge level of clothing practice methods, in clothing patterns of one′s favor, and in clothing buying behavior by the type of clothing. 2. With regard to the clothing buying behavior by the type of clothing, several differences were found between rural and urban housewives. Purchase motivation for formal wear, was found to be "I don′t have one" in overall, yet having a significant frequency difference between rural and urban housewives. Major evaluation criteria were "color and design" and "fits to me" for formal wear and "comfort and fitness" and "price" for casual wear, also having a significant frequency difference between rural and urban housewives. 3. Rural area housewives bought their formal wear in stores offering "low price or sale" while urban housewives looked at "quality and variety". The major source of information was "display and direct observation" and "previous experience" in both cases. The rural housewives bought clothes when they had any "event" and urban housewives bought them when they had "extra money or sale".

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

The scale and the extent of a aging of population of a rural are more serious than those of a urban in China. However, the welfare policy and the service for the aged in the rural are inferior. China established the different systems of social welfare policy for the city and the rural and has administered it since the china was established. Owing to an open-door policy(opening of a reform) the gap between the two got more deeply distinguished. Accordingly. the striking difference is shown in a living environment and a quality of life of the cities and the rural. I made clear the difference of services for the aged in the rural and the urban examining daily lives, medical industry, recreation systems and so on and analyzing their sources. In addition, I proposed the ways to establish synthetic social welfare policy of the urban and the rural.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the elderly in urban and rural ares. The subjects were selected in a convenient sampling and the total number was 189(Urban : 95, Rur al : 94). The data were collected by one to one interviews in the period of Sep. 1-30, 1995(Koje) and March 15-28, 1997 (Taejon). The study tools for this study were 1) ADL and IADL 2) Self rating scores for health status. The data were analyzed by percentage, T-test, ANOVA, $X^2$ Test, Pearson correlation coefficiency by SPSS pc WIN. 7.0 program. The results were as follows: 1. The self rating score for health status of the elderly in urban area was lower than that of the rural when compared in the same age group. 2. In the comparison of ADL scores between the elderly in urban and rural areas, there was no statistically significant difference. The IADL score of the rural elderly were higher than that of the urban elderly and there was a statistically significant difference. 3. In the comparison of ADL & IADL scores according to the self rating score for health status, there was a statistically significant difference among health status levels.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1989

To compare the health status of rural and urban aged persons(over 65 years old) by an abnormality of a hematologic and some biochemical values as well as urinalysis and chest X-ray, following examinations were done on 8,756(male : 4,339: female 4,417) by hemoglobin, total cholesteol, GOT, and glucose, on 9,207(male: 4,467; female : 4.740) by urinalysis and on 9,148(male : 4,426: female : 4,722) by chest X-ray. The results are as follows: 1) The proportion of outlier of normal range of the GOT(over 40 unit) showed higher in rural aged persons(5.3%) than in urban aged(2.8%). There was no significant difference in both of urban and rual female, but the rural male(7.4 showed significantly higher than the urban male(3.9% ). 2) The proportion of abnormality of the total cholesterol value(over 260 mg/dl) was 7,0% in urban and 1.7% in rural aged persons. In the male, there was no significant difference in both urban(2.2%) and rural(1.4%), however the urban female(10.5%) showed significantly higher than the rural female(2.2%). 3) In the blood glucose level, the proportion of abnormality(over 120 mg/dl) showed 17.1% in urban and 19.3% in rural aged persons. The rural aged persons in both sexes(male : 18.1% : female : 20.7%) were relatively higher abnormality rates than those of the urban aged(male : 15. 3%: female : 18.4% ) respectively. 4) The proportion of abnormality of hemoglobin level(less than 12.0 g/dl in male: less than 11.0 g/dl in female) showed 7.1% in urban and 2.6%J in rural aged persons. The urban aged persons in both sexes(male : 8.3%: female 6.3%) were relatively higher abnormality rates than those of the rural aged(male : 3.0%: female : 2.2%) 5) In the urinalysis by urine stix(Korea Green Cross Co.), the positive rates of urine protein were 1.0% in urban and 0.5% in rural aged per-sons, and there was no any significant differences in both areas by sex. 6) The positive rates of urine glucose in urban aged persons(5.8'% : male : 7.3% : female : 4.7%). showed relatively higher than those of rural aged (3.4% : male : 3.9%: female : 2.8%). 7) The positive findings of pulmonary tuberculosis by indirect X-ray examination were observed in 7.7% of aged persons in both rural and urban areas respectively. However, the positive rates of male in both areas(urban : 12.8% ; rural : 10.0%) showed higher than those of female (urban 4.2% ; rural 5.0%).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

This paper aims to make an empirical comparison between the rural landscape planning and the urban landscape planning. The research method is a contents analysis about Jeollannamdo-province Landscape Base Plan and Suncheon-city Urban Landscape Plans, and Gaerangyi Village Rural Landscape Plan out of total 111 cases of Rural Landscape Plans. The findings are as followings: firstly, the only 14 villages out of 45 villages had the province-unit landscape base plan, the city/gun-unit urban landscape plan, and the rural landscape plan in sequence periods. Secondly, it was found that the Gaerangyi Village Rural Landscape Plan was relatively coordinated with the Jeollanam Province's Landscape Base Plan, but the former was not relatively coordinated with the Suncheon City Urban Landscape Plan. Thirdly, three hierarchical discordance may drive from the difference of applicable acts and authorities concerned. However, in Suncheon City, a rural-urban integrating city, both an urban landscape plan excluding rural regions and a rural landscape plan excessively emphasizing a rural village's unique characteristics, while its administrative district is unclear are hard to be seen as a good plan fully containing Suncheon-city's full identity.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.199-210
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• 2020

This study aims to find out the differences of community satisfaction between rural and urban residents and identify factors influence community satisfaction. The secondary data designed and surveyed by Rural Development Administration in 2018 were used in this study. The total respondents were 3,929; rural 2,780 and urban 1,149 respectively. The major findings were as follows; First, the level of community satisfaction showed satisfactory in both region, however, level of urban residents were more high than rural. Secondly, perceive safety factor(4 variables) was the most influential in both area. The variances explained were 5.2% in rural and 10.5% in urban.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.121-128
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• 2012

This study is designed to find out the difference of life satisfaction and depression between urban and rural elderly. The research method is a questionnaire that surveys those aged 60 and older. The collected data were analyzed by categorizing them into two groups, 503 residing in the elderly who live in Daejeon city and 676 in those who live in Chungnam area. The result of analysis indicated that; First, life satisfaction of the urban elderly was higher than that of the rural elderly(t=3.67, p<.001). But depression between the two groups, the elderly who live in urban area and those who live in rural area, did not show a statistically significant difference. Second, the factors influencing the life satisfaction of urban elderly were convenience of housing, economic level, health status, local safety, life attitude, and period of residence. Third, the depression of urban elderly significantly related to health status, life attitude, economic level, age, and convenience of housing. Fourth, the factors influencing the life satisfaction of rural elderly were health status, economic level, convenience of housing, local safety, life attitude, type of residence, and period of residence. Fifth, the depression of rural elderly significantly related to health status, life attitude, and economic level.