• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to estimate and deduct appropriate Hanok type within Suwon Hwaseong Fortress in which formula Hanok type has not remained. To do so, urban change according to chronology is analyzed and architectural aspect of transition is collected. By using geographic information in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, present urban structural density, status of architecture and chronological aspect of transition in one-story buildings is surveyed. Through these data, appropriate Hanok form and density to the area is suggested. As a result, Hanok with two or more stories is economically suitable because its average plottage is excessively narrow. And back trowelling is desirable to construct walls in some concentrated areas with Hanok through arrangement of construction. Also in the other building sites, Hanoks are formed by a standard for separation to the property line. However it is necessary that exist standard about separation of property line is institutionally alleviated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3944-3949
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• 2014

This paper provides a critical perspective in historic conservation with reference to Hanok (Korean Traditional Courtyard houses) built in central Taegu city, Korea. These Hanok houses began to emerge in the 1920s near the city castle during the Japanese occupation. The houses were shrewdly crafted into a small site in an urban context. Towards the end of 1980s, the demand for urban regeneration arose due to dilapidation of the timber structure and fire safety. Proposals were made to redevelop the areas, but they did not progress past this point. No attempts were made for conservation either and the urban fabric disintegrated continuously. The area is now largely unattended for conservation or redevelopment. This research intends to create an historic account of Hanok in an urban context for its enduring characteristics and historicity as charm and merit that deserve careful apprehension and conservation. This paper suggests that conservation not only serves to gentrify the cultural disruption of the early 20th century but also contributes towards urban regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Korea's housing polices, which have tended to be focused on quantity rather than quality, have since the 1970s given rise to a housing culture centered on apartment units. Such housing polices have resulted in urban sprawl in the metropolitan areas, and a growing polarization between urban and rural areas. In addition, the issue of "dehumanization" has emerged as a result of the interchangeable urban landscapes and the growing number of high-rise residential buildings. In short, the residential communities of the past, such as towns and villages, have disappeared and been replaced with societies that value individuality and anonymity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze urban structure Gyeongju traditional housing complex. This is to analyze the traditional Hanok residential complex of superiority and characteristics of Gyeongju. This enables future planning should be introduced in Gyeongju hanok.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-118
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• 2006

We have focused on the building appearance according to the change of conservation policy and urban fabric in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved in modern contort from 1920's to 1960's, that is to say, many buildings(Urban Hanok) in Bukchon area has built up with a lot and road at the same time. But the change of conservation policy has an effect on the urban fabric and building(wooden structure, RC and brick building). Thus many types of building in Bukchon has undergone a various change. The purpose of this paper is to define a change factor of Bukchon buildings. Thus we need to pay attention to policy and urban fabric. We reached the result as follows. First, the change of architecture regulations according to the several policies(an aesthetic area, an altitude area for sky line restriction and so on) brought into building deformation and eventually the historic scenery of Bukchon has been spoiled. Second, the change of policy had an effect on the change of roads and lots. Buildings on a widen road and a united lot was built newly. But new buildings built up with a concrete or brick structure was not in harmony with the historic scenery of Bukchon area. Third, a development method of a large lot with lack prudence(disregarded a scale and size of lot) did damage to Urban hanok and urban fabric. With the understanding on the relationship of buildings, a urban fabric and a policy in Bukchon, we can define the identity and correspond with the urgent request for a the conservation of historic urban scenery In addition we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Bukchon, Seoul.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-63
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• 2009

This study focused on changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. There are 10 representative cases which have been renovated through the policy of 'Preservation & Regeneration of Bukchon' by Seoul metropolitan government and other experts. Changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Buckon are as follows. First, Changes of scale. Trough removing extension parts, facade of renovated Hanoks are 'transformed' into recovering their identity. Using basements or lofts, intensive application of spaces is transformation which promotes the vitality of Hanoks. Second, changes of space organization. As Hanok changes its function from residence to commercial or cultural use, il a1so changes space character or reorganizes space organization. It is important that deciding function of Hanok has to adjust its scale and organization. Third, changes of construction performance. Through introducing new material and constructing method, performance of wall has been changed respecting its wooden structure and interior-exterior figure. However, technical studies must back it up not to destroy its value of eco-friendly architecture. Fourth, changes of facility systems, like floor heating system. They changes floor level of Hanok equally, and then sections of Hanok have became simple. Furthermore, inserting new facility space, such as boiler room, stand-up kitchen, bathroom and toilet, organization of space also changed. It is necessary that wise alternative proposal through the method of transformation or mutation must be presented. These four changes can be classification into method of 'transformation' and 'mutation'. Changes of scale are method of transformation and changes of space organization are method of mutation. Also, while changes of construction performance are mutation, changes of facility systems are transformation. Recently, as price of lots have been increased, a lot of Hanoks have been commercialized. Thc commercial energy threat 'the identity of Bukchon as residential area'. From now on, to operate 'identity' and 'vitality' complementary, it is necessary to make up for the preservation policy of Hanok and consolidate renovating standards of Hanok which correspond to character of particular region and building usage.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2011

Hanok with a long tradition in our country, but a significant period of modernization in the process of being cut off did not have continuity. Many of Hanok aging, according to the rapid residential development and life-changing was the subject of a complaint. Conversely, the benefits of Hanok was given to the advantages that compare to a monotonous mass housing of apartments. Despite these changes and the potential of these social needs and demands Hanok quickly did not respond: First, for the life of contemporary and traditional Hanok with a form of gap is a matter of space and style. Economy and lifestyle $20,000 for the era of Hanok was to develop a model for spatial configurations. Second, Hanok in a low density, is evaluated to aging, because increasing the economic utilization of land and tailored to their needs as a Hanok housing requires the development of a model, but this did not present a layered model. The purpose of this study is a modern residential Hanok persistence of this set to have 1) the spatial characteristics of traditional and modern urban life Hanok living space that meets the requirements of the degree of each other, to find sustainable elements, and 2) these demands the modern residential area type, combined with a set of Hanok 3) Korea Hanok cultural characteristics which set is created to residential housing types is to develop a basic research.

• Architectural research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the conflicts caused by the spatial expansion in two types of urban heritage in Seoul. To explain the national and professional orientation found in each spatial transformation, the study brought the concept of 'historic state' and 'epitome,' thereby examining the operating system of the conflicts. Field observations and stakeholder interviews were performed based on literature and historical research. The study results are as follows. ①In the case of Gwanghwamun and Donuimun, the spatial expansion is to find the historic state of the sites. Gwanghwamun with high national status and substance, conflicts show a pattern that spreads to memory conflicts. Donuimun is relatively unknown and has no substance so that a flexible method of digital restoration was applied. ② In the case of Ikseon-dong and Bukchon hanok, they show heterogeneous spatial expansion. The conflicts in relation to this is caused by the epitome of hanok. In Ikseon-dong, illegal installation of structures(non-epitome) is prevalent, while in Bukchon, there was a process of transferring the new basement(non-epitome) as part of the hanok. ③Conflicts in Gwanghwamun can be coordinated by referring to the digital restoration of Donuimun, and conflicts in Ikseon-dong can be resolved by taking Bukchon as a precedent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

In the village, the community consciousness of members appears as a landscape characteristic according to the passage of time. In addition, when the landscape of the village is stabilized, the relationship between members is strengthened. Urban villages change and become outdated depending on social conditions. So, it investigates and analyzes the landscape data of the village and the status of the community. The Jeonju Hanok village, which is the subject of the study, was restored from an slum urban village through urban regeneration projects. The village is a tourist attraction with more than 10 million tourists. However, as the commerce in the village was strengthened, the function of the village was weakening. Also, the existing village landscape was changing for commercial purposes. The current village is in a situation where the restored landscape can be changed again. Therefore, efforts are needed to maintain the landscape of the village and restore its function. Jeonju Hanok village needed a member's perspective, not a resident's perspective. Lastly, the relationship between members can be strengthened only when the village landscape is stable.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.330-349
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• 2021

This research primarily aims to analyze several implications of a deep-seated cultural yearning for traditional heritage and gentrification through exploring the recently increasing interest in Hanok, the traditional housing in urban areas of Korea. We tend to consider gentrification as the impetuous and massive change of urban space drawn from high developmental pressure. However, this kind of understanding of gentrification makes us ignore the dialectical process and complexities of mutual interactions of various subjects in urban space. By exploring the renovation of Hanok housings and the Hanok preservation area designated by the Seoul metropolitan government, this study investigates how the varying degrees of urban subjects' perspectives and practices impact gentrification in the way of plural and dialectical process. Also, it discusses what implications urban change could have by preserving traditional architectures for cultural place-making in urban space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.20-28
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• 2009

Recently, the interest is increased rapidly about the New Hanok as contemporary house. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to recognize New Hanok as valuable things, which represents traditionality of urban, and to seek how it can be developed as contemporary house. This research analyze the characteristics of New Hanok is built since 2000. The result are as followings. First, many contemporary architects used only the roofing tiles and traditional Hanok elevation design as the design vocabulary of New Hanok. In future, the design vocabulary of New Hanok must be developed variously. Secondly, the construction of New Hanok is possible from the land of minimum $100m^2$ in a city can be found. Thirdly, as a result of having analyzed at the form and the spatial side, it has been analyzed that New Hanok can be divided into 3 types in the form side, which is 'the transfiguration of format', 'the motive borrowing of traditional elements', 'the vertical extension and reconstruction'. In the spatial side, it has been analyzed that New Hanok can be divided into 3 types, which is 'the center of Madang', 'the integration of circulation', 'the transfiguration of design principle'. Lastly, The contemporary architects were analyzed into having a thought that New Hanok must maintain an appearance of Hanok.