• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

Recently, small and medium-sized hospitals which are located in rural areas have many difficulties in securing high quality nurses. That is because working environments for nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas are poor compared with those of big hospitals in urban. As a result, the migration of nurses from small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas to big hospitals in urban is continuously happening. In general, big hospitals provide nurses with high level of salary and fringe benefits. To prevent the migration of nurses, chief executive officers of small & medium hospitals in rural areas have been interested in improving nurses' working conditions including wages. Also, they have raised nurses' salary and improved working conditions. But, basically these individualized efforts have some limit. In connection with this, medical interest groups have produced various voices in terms of interpretation and solutions for these issues. However, from the future perspectives, it seems evident that two approaches for both manpower supply and demand plans of nurses are necessary. They should contain not only accurate estimation of the supply-demand of nursing manpower but also the improvement of working conditions and wages of nurses. Estimation of nursing manpower supply-demand depends on the standards and criteria being used. Supply and demand may be met or not in accordance with the points emphasized on the decision. In the articles, issues regarding nursing manpower, levels of salary, other working conditions and social support system for child care are discussed. According to Joe's report (2005), most health institutions did not meet the guidelines of nurse staffing in Medical Law. The wages of nurse vary on every hospital and there is a big difference in wages' range. The average starting salary for a nurse is 22 million won a year. In case of tertiary hospitals, it reaches up to 30 million won a year. Nurse as a profession should have a strong responsibility and should take care of the patients for 24 hours with three working shifts. Also, most of them are female who have the burden of child rearing. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the salary, to provide comfortable working conditions, and to have social support system for nurses with household affairs.

• 한국인구학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.82-98
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• 1987

The urban population in Asia more than doubled between 1960 and 1985, growing by 3.0 percent per annum on average. Yet during that period, the proportion of the total population living in urban areas increased only from 21 to 27 percent. This seeming paradox is explained by the relatively high rates of rural population growth in Asia, which averaged 1.8 percent over the same period. The Republic of Korea has experienced the most rapid rate of urbanization in Asia during the past century. The proportion urban jumped from 28 percent in 1960 to 65 percent in 1985. There is a clear association between economic growth and the pace of urbanization in Asia. Currently natural increase accounts for about 60 percent of urban growth, but the speed of urbanization is projected to increase after 1990, and migration, reclassification and annexation will comprise about half of urban growth, Seoul is currently the fourth largest urban agglomeration in Asia, and its population is projected to be over 13 million by the end of the century. It is argued that policies to deconcentrate urban population will not be generally successful in Asia and that governments should attempt to manage the growth of large metropolitan areas more efficiently.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.184-199
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• 2024

본 논문은 세계적인 변화 흐름 속에서 '일상 경관'의 중요성이 부각된 배경을 탐구하고, 귀농·귀촌인 관점에서 일상 경관을 분석한 결과를 제시했다. 전라남도 '곡성군' 사례를 중심으로, 귀농·귀촌인이 작성한 '일기' 460건을 수집하여 '텍스트 마이닝'의 주요 기법인 '빈도수 분석', '토픽 모델링', '감성 분석' 등으로 분석했다. 명사형 형태소의 분석 결과를 인지적 측면에서, 형용사형 형태소의 분석 결과를 감성적 측면에서 해석했다. 특히 기존 감성 분석 방법의 한계를 극복하기 위해 '시맨틱 네트워크 분석'을 활용해 단어 네트워크 목록을 추출했고, 목록에서 감정을 나타내는 '형용사'와 공기 관계로 연결된 '명사'를 검토하여 감성의 대상과 내용을 확인했다. 이러한 방법은 기존 연구에서 찾아보기 어려운 차별화된 접근법이다. 연구 결과에서 나타난 흥미로운 사실은 해당 귀농·귀촌인이 '동네 산책길 꽃', '텃밭 수확', '동네 행사', '카페 공간' 등을 중요하게 인식한다는 것이다. 이들 모두는 시각적 요소를 갖춘 일상 경관이다. 현재 많은 농촌 마을은 주거 경관을 개선하고 사람들의 관심을 끌어모으기 위해서 지붕 색상을 하나로 통일하거나 담벼락에 벽화를 그리고 있다. 그러나 시각적 임팩트는 그러한 인위적인 조치로 생겨나지 않는다. 현재의 정책 및 제도에 대한 비판적 검토와 개선이 필요하다. 본 논문은 일기와 텍스트 마이닝을 활용하여 귀농·귀촌인 관점에서 일상 경관을 연구한 첫 사례로서 의미가 있다. 본 논문을 통해 일상 경관 관련 연구가 활성화되기를 기대한다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.285-300
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• 2021

Background and objective: Rural migrants are an important human resource in urban and rural exchange (URE) business, therefore it is necessary to enhance their awareness and intent-to-participate. This study was to analyze the rural migrants' recognition and intent-to-participate of URE business and to propose the enhancement of them both. Methods: The questionnaire was designed to analyze the socio-demographic background, motivations, satisfaction with settlement, intent-to-persist, and intent-to-participate of URE business including tourism. The data of 144 respondents was subject to the statistical analysis. Results: The motives of migration were to enjoy leisure life after retirement, increased tiredness of city life, health problems, etc. The satisfaction with settlement was 3.67 at 5-point Likert scale. The intent-to-recommend and intent-to-publicize were 3.40 and 3.46, respectively. The intent-to-participate was 3.45, which was affected by the necessity of URE business and the support of central/local governments, and also showed a significant correlation with the satisfaction with settlement, intent-to-recommend, intent-to-publicize, tourism resources for green tourism or rural tourism, driving a car in Namhae county, and the service and price of meals. They thought the missions that the Namhae county office must focus on were to establish an internal/external public relations systems, establish a support system of central/local governments, and foster/support local leaders. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve the satisfaction with settlement and intent-to-persist, expand exchanges with local people, improve internal/external public relations systems, foster/support leaders, improve transportation in the county, enhance the service and price of meals, and develop/operate URE programs including tourism.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2016

본 논문은 중국 조선족의 이주과정을 시기별로 해석하고 각 시기에 따른 이주공간의 변화를 조선족 인구분포의 변화를 통해 밝히려고 하였다. 중국 조선족의 이주는 19세기 말부터 본격적으로 일어났으며, 1910년까지의 난민 월경기, 1930년까지의 정치 이주기, 1945년까지의 강제 이주기, 그리고 해방이후 최근까지의 경제 이주기로 나누어 그 특징을 고찰할 수 있다. 1910년대와 1930년대, 2000년대의 변화과정을 고찰하면 중국 조선족의 이주는 벼농사의 재배와 밀접한 관련이 있으며 초기에는 국경 인근에 벼농사가 유리한 지역으로 우선 이주가 시작되어 그 주변으로 조선족 취락이 확대되는 접촉확산으로, 1930년대 강제이주에 따라 철도를 따라 집단촌이 건설되고 2000년 이후 연해도시를 중심으로 집적지가 확대되는 계층확산으로 해석이 가능하다. 중국 조선족의 디아스포라 공간은 초기에 형성된 인구밀집지에서 지속적으로 인구가 증가하고 안정적으로 유지되었으나, 최근 농촌공동체에서 도시공동체로 변화하고 동북3성 위주의 단일지역 분포 패턴에서 연해 대도시와 해외이주가 포함된 다지역 분포 패턴으로 변화하고 있다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-79
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• 1998

1960년 이래 한국사회는 빠른 속도로 인구변천을 경험했다. 인구변천으로 인한 인구구조의 변화는 한국사회의 전반적인 현상이기는 하지만, 특히 이 기간중 많은 인구를 도시로 내보내지 않으면 안되었던 농촌지역에서 그 변화의 폭이 더욱 클 수밖에 없다. 이와 같은 관점에서 이 연구는 주로 최근 농촌사회에서 관찰되는 인구구조의 왜곡현상이 주로 농촌-도시로의 인구이동에 원인이 있으며, 지역단위별로 차별적인 영향을 받을 것이라는 점에 착안하여 농촌의 지역단위별 인구특성에 따른 인구분포의 변화를 비교분석하는 데 초점을 두었다. 이 연구결과 밝혀진 결과를 종합해 보면 농촌은 각 지역단위(군)별로 인구구조상의 격차가 매우 크다는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 각 지역단위별 인구구조의 변화로 예상되는 농촌의 문제는 군부나 면부의 총괄분석을 통해 알려진 농촌 문제보다 각 지역단위별로 분석할 때 알 수 있는 농촌문제가 훨씬 더 심각함을 알 수 있었다. 이 결과는 농촌을 위한 정책수립 과정에서 지역단위별로 특수성이 고려될 수 있어야 한다는 점을 말해준다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

Rapid increase of aging population and progressed migration from rural areas to urban areas have caused deficit of bus routes in local cities. This increasing burden of operation deficit affects the movement strategy of the transportation vulnerable who are using buses. Along with dramatically increased aging in Korea, there is an urgent need to implement a new method which can guarantee mobility rights of public transportation especially for the elderly. This study focuses on the case of Demand Responsive Transit(DRT) system that has been operating in America, Europe, Japan, etc. Kimhae(Sangdong-myeon and Saengnim-myeon) is selected as a study area. This study investigated the possibility of adopting DRT system on the perspectives of the consumer and provider by the analysis of traffic condition such as the number of transportation vehicles, present bus service and regulation and conduct of questionnaire survey which includes present bus service and DRT system and so on. In conclusion, DRT system in Kimhae city will reduce transport cost, increase affordability through the betterment of service level and secure mobility rights for the transportation vulnerable.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.393-408
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• 2009

1990년대 중반 이후 초국적 결혼의 급증은 한국 사회에 새로운 과제를 던져주고 있다. 이 같은 맥락에서 논문은 초국적 결혼이주에 의한 한국의 새로운 민족성의 지리적 차원을 검토한다. 중국과 베트남과같은 동남아시아 국가들로부터 여성 결혼이주자의 급증은 밑으로부터의 지구화의 차원에서 이해될 수 있으며, 그런 점에서 한국의 추세는 대만이나 일본과 유사하다. 그러나 한국은 이들 국가와 몇 가지 점에서 차이를 나타낸다. 대만이 2003년 이후 결혼이주자가 감소한 것처럼, 한국 역시 2006년 이후 여성 결혼이주자가 감소하는 추세이다. 외국인 신부와 결혼하는 비율은 대체로 농촌이 도시보다 두 배 가량 높다. 따라서 농촌에 외국인 신부가 많다고 느낄 수 있지만, 실제로 절대 수에서는 도시에 거주하는 이주여성이 훨씬 많다. 특히, 조선족과 중국인 결혼이주 여성의 도시 지역 거주비율은 대단히 높다. 그러나 출신국적별로 보면 이들이 집중하는 지역에 상당한 차이가 있다. 이런 점에서 결혼이주여성에 의해 전개되고 있는 한국 사회의 신민족성 지리는 다면적이다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2013

In rural areas, in spite of the development projects of town and houses has been performed after the New Community Movement, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, which lasted until the 2000s from the 1980s, out-migration to the cities, changes in the industrial structure, rapid aging was carried. As a result, the gap of housing environment between urban and rural areas became more serious. The meantime, the housing problem is recognized only to the problems of the big cities, mostly urban public housing policy oriented. However, when you check the indicator of the housing environment, such as the percentage of aging housing, rural environment has become a relatively poor compared to the city. In addition, due to a decrease in income and aging of the population living in rural areas of existing infrastructure to improve the living environment is weakened. And inside of the rural areas, changes in the housing environment and polarization phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, in this study, there is a purpose to be presented the improvement direction for efficient implementation of house remodeling support program for underprivileged group in rural areas and requires immediate attention improvement of housing environment. Previously, House remodeling support project in rural areas was carried out at the initiative of local governments and government mainly. For this reason, it is difficult due to limited institutional, to reflect the necessary parts directly to the real life of the residents. And, the demand for improvement of housing environment need modifications to solve the inconvenience of life of residents directly in many cases. It is considered that community-based house remodeling support project is to be carried out through the participation of local residents.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2012

This paper attempts to summarize recent debates on tall buildings. It first explains the driving forces of constructing tall buildings including population increase, rural-to-urban migration, demographic change, agglomeration, and human aspiration. Next, it discusses disadvantages and challenging factors that are frequently raised in making a case against tall buildings including economics, environmental factors, historic context, public safety, and psychological issues. The paper concludes by affirming that tall buildings will persist in the $21^{st}$ century due to strong commitment to urban sustainability and significant population increase worldwide.