• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.463-464
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• 2007

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.3E
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• pp.165-171
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• 2006

Environment-friendly materials are increasingly used as building construction materials nowadays, and the market share of those is growing. Accordingly, the research and developments in terms of environmental value are progressing steadily now. The main characteristics of environmental products are far-infrared radiation, negative-ion emission, electromagnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial property. These products are often used in mortar and as spray on the finishing material. Nevertheless, there are hardly any research on the functional properties of concrete, the main material in construction field. Thus, we evaluated such basic properties of concrete as slump, compressive strength and air content while using such functional materials as sericite, wood-pattern sandstone, carbon black and nano-metric silver solution to focus on their functional properties like far-infrared radiation, negative ion emission, electro magnetic wave shielding, and antimicrobial activity in this research. The results indicated that the most useful material in the functional materials was carbon black. Sericite and nano-metric silver solution had a little effect on the functional property. Moreover, although wood-pattern sandstone had very high functional property, it exhibited too low compressive strength to be applied, to concrete as a factory product. Antimicrobial property of nano-metric silver solution in the concrete was not clear demonstrated, but if these specimens were to be aged in $CO_2$ gas for a long time, it might be apparent.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E3
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• pp.129-142
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• 2002

This paper provides a long-term perspective for ozone concentrations at 20 national air quality monitoring sites in Seoul from 1989 to 1998, which were managed by the Korean Ministry of Environment. Ozone episodes occurred more frequently in the east areas (Bangi, Guui, Seongsu, and Ssangmun) than in the west area (Guro and Oryu). When an ozone episode happened, hourly ozone concentrations over 80 ppb continued for an average of 4.0 hours at all sites. Annual variations in daily mean and maximum oBone concentrations showed broadly consistent upward trends at Ssangmun and Gwanaksan. Monthly mean ozone concentrations were the highest from May to June and the 99$^{th}$ and 95$^{th}$ percentile levels appeared higher during June, July, and August. The diurnal patterns of hourly mean ozone levels in urban areas showed typical photochemical formation and destruction, while the flat diurnal shape before 1996 at Gwanaksan indicated few significant photochemical reactions due to a lack of precursors of ozone. The occurrence of ozone over 80 ppb was ascribed to meteorological conditions such as high temperature, strong solar radiation, low relative humidity, and low wind speed with winds most frequently in a westerly direction.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand daily variation of short-wave radiation trends according to the state of surface and observation of atmosphere conditions in downtown and suburban observation area. The followings are main results from this study. 1) We found out daily air temperature variation of downtown is less than that of suburban area because of bigger heat capacity of artificial elements such as massive buildings and pavements. 2) It is more effective to estimate of air condition by water vapor pressure than relative humidity in the atmosphere. 3) The difference of solar radiation ratio between downtown and suburban area is dependant on different atmosphere conditions at two observation stations.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand relation of meteorological elements of air temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure of four cities with Daegu. The followings are main results from this study. 1) There is very high correlation of meteorological elements according to distance between city and city. 2) In case of seaside town at Pohang, there were little changes than other cities for temperature, humidity and vapor pressure. 3) It was analysed stable and similar diurnal variation in water vapor pressure than air temperature and relative humidity at all observation site.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.103-114
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• 2017

Radiation energy budget was analyzed using observation data from the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) energy flux tower on the Seoul metropolitan area. Among observation data from the 13 energy flux towers, we used meteorological variables, radiation data (upward and downward short wave, upward and downward long wave, net short wave, net long wave and net radiation), albedo and emissivity for 15 months from July 2016 to September 2017. Although Gajwa (205) and Ttuksumm (216) sites located in urban, the albedo was relatively high due to the surround environment by glass wall buildings and the Han river around the sites. And Bucheon (209) site located in the suburb represented generally low emissivity. As a result, the albedo decreased and the emissivity increased in the city center. In the Seoul metropolitan area, the net radiation energy is $73.9W/m^2$ that the radiation budget of the surface is absorbed into the atmosphere. According to WISE observation data, it can be seen that observation at each sites are influenced by the surrounding environment.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.67-82
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the impacts of built environmental features on the nocturnal and diurnal temperatures during the heat wave season in Gwangju, Korea. Built environmental measures are summarized at micro-scale level, such as 50 meters and 100 meters from temperature monitoring spots. Regressing the built environment on nocturnal and diurnal temperatures, we estimate how the artificial constructs contribute to temperature either day and night times. We found that impervious surface ratio is positively and negatively associated with nocturnal and diurnal temperatures, respectively. Buildings and structures tend to construct high thermal mass and absorb heat during day time and emit it for the night time. This property contributes to the nocturnal temperature model. On the other hand, urban areas with more vertical structure tend to block sun radiation more than rural, and it is more likely to find the negative relationship between impervious surface ratio and the diurnal temperatures.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2001

Although PAN has ong been considered to belong to one of the most characteristic photooxidants, its concentra-tions have rarely been measured in a systematic manner in Korea. The first in-situ Measurements of PAN were made in concert with simultaneous analysis of NO, NO$_2$, $O_3$ and UV-Visible radiation intensity from Seoul and dong-Hae during Spring and early Summer of 1999. The aim of our study was to evaluate the behavior of photo-chemical species in a highly polluted urban air and a relative clean one. PAN were determined using a semi-auto-mated gas chromatograph equipped with an electron captured detection system. Calibration of the PAN was done by synthesizing liquid standards using a strong acid nitration of the corresponding peracid. The PAN concentra-tions were found in the range of a few ppbv in the urban air ad persistently less than a ppbv in the clean rural airs. Diurnal variations of PAN and $O_3$ were also observed consistently during the experiment with maxima occurring during the late daylight hours. While the positive dependency of $O_3$ production and PAN concentrations were ob-served in most occasion, the dependency became deviated significantly under changes in air masses.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2010

This study carried out to understand the thermal characteristics of various surface material which compose the city through the observation in the summer. To examine passive cooling effect of planting of building, it is arranged four different materials that is natural grass, grass block, concrete slab and artificial grass. The results of this study are as follows; (1) Natural grass and grass block show the lower surface temperature because of the structures of leaf can do more thermal dissipation effectively. (2) There is little surface temperature between artificial grass and concrete. But there is little high surface temperature difference between natural grass and concrete because of latent heat effect. (3) The concrete can play a role of the tropical nights phenomenon as high heat capacity of concrete compare with other materials. (4) It is nearly same color in artificial grass and natural grass but there is large difference between natural grass and artificial grass at albedo. There is different albedo in near infrared ray range. (5) A short wave radiation gives more effect at the globe temperature than long wave radiation. (6) The artificial turf protected the slab surface temperature increase in spite of thin and low albedo materials.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.293-314
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• 2013

Double-Skin Façade (DSF), which is a kind of passive indoor environmental control technique, is effective way to control environmental loads while maintaining the transparency especially in perimeter zone and hence the adoption example of DSF keep increasing recently. The objective of this study was to perform a field survey of air quality environment with natural ventilation through DSF and thermal environment within office building with six stories during a mild climate period in Japan. Moreover, to understand the comprehensive environmental performance of the target building, questionnaire survey was conducted to subjectively evaluate the productivity and satisfaction with the environmental factors in office space. In this field measurement, there was a positive correlation between the DSF internal ventilation flow and the amount of solar radiation on the DSF normal surface; the primary driving force for ventilation in the DSF was considered to be the buoyancy force caused by solar radiation. The results of questionnaire survey with regard to productivity level indicated the need for improvement in the thermal (temperature) and spatial environment (room size and furniture placement).