• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was a part of preliminary survey for establishing Korean HPS(Health Promoting School) model which was originally suggested by WHO. Methods: Three elementary and middle schools were sampled in urban and rural area across three level of social-economic status, and survey was conducted on one class in each grade by random selection. To measure mental health and social and familial factors, self-esteem scale, self-efficacy scale, depression scale, family cohesion scale, parent-child communication scale, adolescent's mental health and problem behavior questionnaire(AMPQ), and other question items about family status and economic level were conducted. Students' mental health level was compared by region, sex, grade, and other familial and economic factors. Results: Familial and social factors such as economical and educational level of parents, number of family members were different between rural and urban area. Also, students of rural area got lower scores at self-esteem, self-efficacy, but higher scores at extroverted problem behavior than their urban counterparts. In pre-school students, high grade students' self-esteem, and family cohesion scores were lower than low grade students. And sexual differences were found across problem behavior domain and region in middle school students. Especially, the students of single-parent family and lower economic family got insistently low scores at various mental health related scales. Conclusion: These results should be considered, when the HPS model is designed and applied in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.147-160
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• 2011

This purpose of research is to offer basic materials for analyzing organizational structure in an effort to develop a standardized model that considers regional characteristics with the ultimate goal being the establishment of a National Health and Family Support Center. Research methods include aliterature survey data. The research target is 94 centers run by the National Health Family Support Center training. These are assessed in terms of their regional characteristics. The objectives of this paper are as follows: 1. To look at the present National Healthy Family Support Center's yearly conditions investigate the regional characteristics. 2. To analyze the National Healthy Family Support Center's annual organizational managements and operations characteristics. 3. To analyze the National Healthy Family Support Center's regional characteristics (Urban-only-, Urban-Rural Integration, Rural-only-) in terms of its organizational management and operations. First, at the national, county, and ward levels, Health and Family Support Center can have family intervention purpose. Regional Center should be operated to keep pace with custom of different regions. Standardization can also be beneficial, including considerations such as agricultural needs and a type center. Effective center operations should also ensured. Second, standardized development model I had to insert this here because you mention one in the following paragraph. Original did not make sense. I hope this is what you meant.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.378-386
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• 2014

The use of bus stop in the center lane has reduced the emissions of exhaust gas on the road due to the improvement of the traffic speed but has caused a health problem for the citizens who are waiting for the bus in the platform, and thus the air pollution control of bus stop in the center lane is emerging as a more important part. This study was conducted to investigate the air pollution degree for the center lane-bus stops in four regions using mobile air measuring vehicle, and to evaluate the characteristics of air pollution by comparing with the data measured at the urban air monitoring site close to the bus stops. In addition, the correlation analysis was performed to analyze the impact to neighboring region by vehicle exhaust gas. The regional mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the center lane-bus stops ranged from 0.025 to 0.043 ppm which shows from 2.5 times to 5.3 times higher than the values of urban air monitoring site selected as a control group. The regional mean concentration of ozone in the center lane-bus stops ranged from 0.023 to 0.034 ppm which shows from 3% to 28% lower than the values of urban air monitoring site selected as a control group. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone for the sampling regions did not exceed one hour-air quality environmental standard (0.1 ppm). The mean concentration of particulate matter for four center lane-bus stops was $28{\mu}g/m^3$ which shows about 27% higher than the values of urban air monitoring site selected as a control group, and that of particulate matter did not exceed one day-air quality environmental standard ($100{\mu}g/m^3$). In the results of correlation analysis between data from center lane-bus stops and data from urban air monitoring sites, the correlation coefficient (r) of nitrogen dioxide was relatively low as 0.316 to 0.416, and the correlation coefficient was high as the distance was close and vice versa. However, the correlation coefficient of ozone ranged from 0.167 to 0.658 and the correlation coefficient was high as the distance was far and vice versa.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.2 s.53
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• pp.215-225
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• 1996

Decentralization to local governments and amending of Health Center Law are to promote the efforts of health planning at the level of local agencies. In the health facility planning, it is important to take into account that what to be built, where to be located, how far should be service area and so forth, because health facilities are immovable, and require capital as well as personnel and consumable supplies. The aim of our study, answering to the question of 'where to be located?', is to determine the best location of urban health sub-center. At the local level, planning is the matter of finding the best location of specific facilitiy, in relation to population needs. We confine the accessibility, which is basic to location planning, to geographic one. Location-Allocation Model is used to solve the problem where the location is to maximize geographic accessibility. To minimize the weighted travel distance, objective function, $R_k=\sum{\sum}a_{ij}w_{i}d_{ij}$ is used. Distances are measured indirectly by map measure-meter with 1:25,000 Suwon map, and each potential sites, 10 administrative Dongs in Kwonson Gu, Suwon, are weighted by each number of households, total population, maternal age group, child age group, old age group, Relief for the livelihood, and population/primary health clinics. We find that Kuwoon-Dong, Seodun-Dong, Seryu3-Dong, according the descending orders, are best sites which can minimize the weighted distance, and conclude that it is reasonable to determine the location of urban health sub-center among those sites.

• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2018

The urban railway system is a convenient public transportation system, as it carries many people without increasing traffic congestion. However, air quality in urban railway environments is worse than ambient air quality due to the internal location of the source of air pollutants and the isolated space. In this paper, characteristics of particulate matter (PM) pollution in urban railway environments are described from the perspective of diurnal variation, chemical composition and source apportionment of PM. PM concentrations in concourse, platform, passenger cabin, and tunnel are summarized through an analysis of 34 journal articles published in Korea and overseas. This information will be helpful in developing effective policies to reduce PM pollution in urban railway environments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2020

High-resolution meteorological simulations were conducted using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with an Urban Canopy Model (UCM) in the Ulsan Metropolitan Region (UMR) where large-scale industrial facilities are located on the coast. We improved the land cover input data for the WRF-UCM by reclassifying the default urban category into four detailed areas (low and high-density residential areas, commercial areas, and industrial areas) using subdivided data (class 3) of the Environmental and Geographical Information System (EGIS). The urban area accounted for about 12% of the total UMR and the largest proportion (47.4%) was in the industrial area. Results from the WRF-UCM simulation in a summer episode with high temperatures showed that the modeled temperatures agreed greatly with the observations. Comparison with a standard WRF simulation (WRF-BASE) indicated that the temporal and spatial variations in surface air temperature in the UMR were properly captured. Specifically, the WRF-UCM reproduced daily maximum and nighttime variations in air temperature very well, indicating that our model can improve the accuracy of temperature simulation for a summer heatwave. However, the WRF-UCM somewhat overestimated wind speed in the UMR largely due to an increased air temperature gradient between land and sea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4555-4561
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• 2015

Background: Mammography screening is a method for reducing breast cancer mortality in women over 40 years old. A participation rate of at least 70% is a prerequisite for screening programs. This study aimed at determining the participation rate of women in breast cancer screening in Iran. Materials and Methods: The study population in this prospective research consisted of 35 to 69 years old women in the villages and towns Kerman District, in 2013. The data were collected by a well-validated risk assessment questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed with the help of health workers and technicians in the health centers, who were trained on breast cancer screening program. Results: As a whole, 19,651 women were invited to complete the questionnaire, of whom 15,794 women (80.37%) completed it. In the urban region, of 3150 eligible women 2728 women (86.60%) participated in the study. The acceptance rates for mammography in rural and urban regions were 34.95% and 8.75%, respectively. Conclusions: Finally, 3.8% and 16.34% of 35 to 69 years old women in the urban regions were mammographed, respectively. Conclusion: The low participation of eligible women in breast cancer screening program alerts us against including the program in the health insurance package.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2003

Iron deficiency and anemia are severe nutrition problems in most of Korea. Iron intake, especially iron with better bioavailability is insufficient over a total age group. Recent changes in diet and life style of Koreans have been repeatedly suggested problems caused by excess nutrient intake rather than under intake. Despite the changes in diet patterns, iron deficient anemia is still prevalent in many parts of Korea. Eight hundred and fifty subjects (323 male and 527 female subjects) in Asan were recruited from farming, factory and urban area. Each subject was interviewed to assess nutrients intakes according to a 24hr-recall method. Twelve hour fasting blood samples were collected to vacutainer with EDTA for hemoglobin (Hb) and separate the tubes for serum iron (SI) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). The mean serum iron value of female subjects in the factory area was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the female subjects in the urban area although subjects in urban area showed significantly higher the dietary iron intake for both the men and woman (p < 0.05). Dietary iron intake for the younger women was lowest in the farming area and those in the urban area showed the highest dietary iron intake (p < 0.05). When the dietary iron intake was compared by different the age groups, dietary iron intake of the older women from animal sources was less than that of younger women in the urban area (p < 0.05). Dietary iron intake of Asan residents was not sufficient regardless of age, sex and regions and intake of heme iron was especially lower than nonheme iron. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 37∼43, 2003)

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.401-414
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to evaluate the utilization of health care service and to provide supportive data for health care policy making in one urban area in Korea. Method: This study tested the significance of public health service using the database of an university hospital and public health center from Feb. 2000 to Dec. 2004. Data were analyzed by multidimensional analysis and data mining technique and produced the information on the classification of utilization characteristics by main disease and the total cost of use and disease association with the users of the public health center. Results: The Results were as follows: 1) Top 10 diseases in the area accounted for 22.4% of total frequency for the most recent 5 years in university hospital, while 59.0% in public health center. 2) There were significant correlations between university hospital and public health center user's insurance type and place of residence: It showed higher use of public health center for free service beneficiaries residing in Seoul than residents in nearby or local area. The medical insurance types for hospital users were more various than those for public health center users. 3) The use of hospital for patients of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia was tended to concentrate in mostly autumn and winter since August 2000, while the cost of using public health center for those patients has been steadily reduced since July 2000. 4) As a result of cluster analysis, there were classified into three homogeneous groups according to the total cost of using public health service, age, and the frequency of use. 5) The association analysis on patients with chronic disease in public health center produced a detailed information on accompanying diseases related to the incidence rate of disease of high frequency due to aging, information on drug abuse and immune disease. Conclusion: The health care policy for local community should be evaluated continuously. And the policy to build an integrated data warehousing by public health indicator system and to enhance the faithfulness of data is required.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.123-128
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• 2019

This study divided 409 local residents in G city of Gyeongsangbuk-do into urban area and rural area, and analyzed the satisfaction with using public health center. The subjects of this study were 284 people who had experience using public health centers among 409 people. In rural areas, satisfaction with general care, oriental care, dental care, physical therapy, examination, and vaccination was low. To improve this, it is necessary to expand and improve facilities so that smooth public health services can be provided to local residents. It is necessary to implement health care policies to resolve medical inequality between urban areas and rural areas.