• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2009

Advance development of the internet has brought significant changes to the distribution structure of the fashion industry, resulting in decreased sales in Road shops and sudden growth of online fashion specialty shopping malls. As detailed analysis on internet fashion shopping malls is necessary in order to make a future projection on changes in the fashion industry, this thesis aims to study the color, fabric / pattern, silhouette, item / detail, image, etc of 2008 S/S apparel fashion style sold in the top ten shopping malls, selected in terms of sales volume and awareness. The results were further analyzed to characterize each individual shopping malls, upon which the design was compared with the five main trends for the season provided by three fashion research agencies in order to study the level of trend acceptance. Studies showed that 'Romantic Sake' trend was most widely accepted, followed by 'Eco Nature' which most reflected the characteristics of Spring. 'Modern Ethenic' trend was most aggressively accepted at more upscale shopping malls targeting older demographic, while " Play Urban' was highly accepted by shopping malls specializing in young casual. Due to the disadvantage of not being able to try on the items before purchase, styles following the 'City Luxe' trend featuring fitted suits showed the lowest trend acceptance. Amongst the design elements, color was most widely accepted.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

This study investigated the types, forms, and origination of litter found along one hiking course in Moaksan Provincial Park, 'Jungin-ri Course'(entrance-ridge-valley-peak). In addition, a survey was conducted to understand hikers' litter control awareness in order to determine possible backcountry litter control measures. The following are the results of this study: 1. For the litter Sequency investigation, 199 recyclable pieces of litter were found on the mid-slope(61.6%), 89 by the entrance(27.6%), 19 in the valley(5.9%) and 16 on the peak(4.9%). A total of 323 pieces of litter were found. Paper materials were the most common, followed by plastic containers such as PET bottles and yogurt containers. Of particular interest, 288 papers and cans were found on the mid-slope(46.9%). By the entrance, more plastics and bottles were found. 2. There were 614 pieces of flammable litter collected and only 19 pieces of non-flammable. Most of the flammable litter, including snack pacts, plastic bags, processed lumber, cigarette butts, tissues, cigarette boxes, and fabric was found on the mid-slope. 3. Very little food waste was found throughout the whole site proving that the policy prohibiting hikers from cooking and eating at the designated sites has been effective. However, food waste is difficult to find because it naturally decays with time. 4. $X^2$-test was used to find different types of litter and their verified origination frequency. It was found that recyclable litter, and food waste took about 1%. In addition, recyclable litter, especially bottles, was found relatively frequently by the entrance. Flammable litter was found most often at the peak. 5. The questionnaire results showed that 48.2% of the respondents "shorten their hiking journey and purchase food outside the entrance" and 29.6% said that they "bring a packed meal from home". Only 8.2% said that they "cook something when an appropriate location is found". At the Jungin-ri course, a few hikers brought their own food to eat or cook, but most hikers purchased something to eat onsite. 6. The results of the question about having experience littering while hiking showed that 19.3% litter and 79.2% do not. Those that responded "yes" gave various reasons for littering. 63.6% claimed, "there are no designated trash containers". 15.9% said they litter subconsciously. Finally, 3.2% insist that they litter "because food naturally decomposes". 7. As a result of the overall satisfaction according to the Likert scale and the analysis with an average of 14 variables, it was found that the average "toxic litter control convenience" was 2.41 with very low satisfaction. Thus, the results indicate the importance of providing appropriate back country litter control facilities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6883-6888
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• 2015

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Kreteks are clove-flavored cigarettes made from a combination of tobacco and ground-clove mixed with a sauce, smoked widely in Indonesia. Because health and social consequences of kretek smoking are potentially as great as those of traditional cigarettes, this study examines the prevalence of kretek smoking in Indonesia and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study used nationally representative Indonesia Global Adult Tobacco Survey data. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify correlates of kretek smoking. Results: One-third of Indonesian adults smoked tobacco of which about 90.0% smoked kreteks. Prevalence of kretek smoking among men (60.9%) was more than 25 times the rate among women (2.3%). Overall, the highest prevalence of kretek use was in the age group 45-54 years (36.5%), followed by 34-44 (35.1%), 25-34 (34.2 %), and 55-64 years (32.8%). By wealth index, prevalence of kreteks smoking among those in the middle index was almost 50% above the rate for the wealthiest group (36.4% vs 24.8% respectively). Logistic regression results showed that being male, being older, having less education, and being less wealthy were significant predictors of kretek smoking, while urban vs rural residence was not. Conclusions: Kretek smoking is common in Indonesia and is entrenched in the sociocultural fabric of the country. However, potential consequences of kretek smoking, particularly as risks for noncommunicable diseases, underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to tobacco control as outlined in the World Health Organization's MPOWER strategies.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2017

This study is to see the recovery effect of the Deltacon method by investigating the amount of sand deposition, the topographical cross section and the vegetation structure; and to derive the effective recovery method of coastal erosion area. The target areas of this study include Jinri coastal dune, Bajireum coastal dune and Seopori coastal dune in Deokjeok-do Island, Ongjin-gun, Incheon. In order to assess the current status of the coastal erosion area recovery, the soil profile structure map was prepared on the site and then the amount of sand deposition within 1m was calculated indoors. The vegetation recovery status of the costal erosion area was assessed via the analyses of the topographical profile structure and the plant community structure, and we aim to derive the effective recovery plan of the Deltacon method with the results. With the Deltacon method, structures with ductile material, special non-woven fabric bags filled with soil and vegetation can be performed therefore the structuralstability and prevention of sand erosion can be achieved. The amounts of sand deposition of Bajireum coastal dune, Seopori costal dune and Jinri costal dune were calculated $0.98{\sim}2.54m^3$, $1.02{\sim}2.96m^3$, and $0.27{\sim}0.75m^3$, respectively, and it is considered that the costal erosion recovery is actively performed for Bajireum costal dune and Seopori costal dune. The analysis results of vegetation structures by topography show that the installation of the send collecting net in steep areas has been highly effective and the Deltacon-constructed target areas have been restored to vegetation and the costal dune, which is similar to the natural dune. The investigation of the plant community structure in Deokjeok-do Island costal dune, Incheon displayed similar research results of the existing costal dune flora and confirmed the emergence of Lathyrus japonicus, Carex kobomugi, Elymus mollis, Vitex rotundifolia, and Calystegia soldanella and others. In order to carry out further effective recovery with the Deltacon method, improvements to rootage of herbaceous vegetation are needed in areas without foredune herbaceous vegetation, and continuos maintenance & management monitoring of connected windbreak forest to costal dunes are also necessary.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.653-659
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• 2018

초고층 복합시설은 수많은 사람들이 이용하고 있는 도심의 핵심시설로서 안전성을 최우선으로 하고 있으며, 화재발생 시 연기와 유독가스는 대형사고를 유발할 수 있다. 본 연구는 초고층 복합시설물에서 화재에 의한 재난이 발생했을 경우, 피난자들이 신속히 안전한 곳으로 피할 수 있는 비상 대피통로용 접이장치에 적용되는 섬유 스크린 소재를 개발하는 데 목적이 있다. 섬유 스크린 소재 개발 방향은 일반적으로 사용되는 철제 소재와 달리 접이장치 내 롤형태로 장기간 보관 시 하중 부담이 적은 경량일 것과 차염/차연 기능이 우수해야 하며 복사열에 의한 피난자의 영향이 적어야 할 것이다. 이에 대해 난연성이 우수한 원단과 후가공을 조건으로 3종의 섬유 스크린 소재를 선정하여 열수축시험, 접촉열시험, 연소성시험, 난연도시험, 인장강도시험, 인열강도시험을 통해 성능평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 경량의 원단이라도 후가공을 통해 우수한 성능을 발휘할 수 있으며, 실리콘수지 코팅이 섬유 스크린 소재 성능과 복사열에 의한 대피자의 안전을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 무게와 두께가 상이한 유리섬유 2종과 난연 실리콘수지 4종을 대상으로 코팅을 한 후 연소성시험을 수행하여 최적의 후가공조건을 평가하였다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.231-241
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 리챠드 마이어 미술관의 설계방식과 형태요소를 분석하는 데 있으며 분석을 통해 미술관의 공간적 특성을 파악하는 데 있다. 리챠드 마이어의 미술관은 전시공간으로서 미술품을 효과적으로 전시하고 있을 뿐 아니라 문화공간으로서 방문자에게 건축이라는 예술을 경험하게 한다. 마이어는 자신의 미술관을 설계하기 위하여 미스 반 데르 로에와 르 꼬르뷔제로부터 배운 설계방법과 형태언어를 지혜롭게 활용하였다. 그는 구조격자를 기초로 하는 합리적인 사각형 형태는 전시공간을 위하여 역할을 하게 하는 한편, 원, 부분원과 같은 기하학적 형태언어는 조형적 공간을 위하여 사용함으로써 기능적 공간과 조형적 공간 사이의 균형을 유지하였다. 그의 미술관에서 구조와 분리된 유리벽과 램프는 중요한 표현수단이 된다. 램프는 건축적 산책로로서 건축물의 내.외부공간을 감상하게 할 뿐 아니라 전시통로로서 다양한 거리와 각도에서 미술품을 반복해서 보게 하며 커다란 유리벽은 변화로운 미술관의 실내를 외부로 전달해 준다. 두 사람의 거장으로부터 계승된 설계방법과 언어와 비교하여 마이어에 의해 발전된 설계원칙과 요소는 주로 미술관의 배치와 전시계획, 입면구성에 적용되어 독창성을 발휘하게 된다. 부지 주변의 도시적 짜임과 역사적 건물로부터 이끌어진 배치원칙은 그의 미술관을 주변환경과 조화되게 하였으며 비틀어진 축의 도입은 배치계획에 변화와 전환의 효과를 가져다 주었다. 미술관의 전시공간은 질서있게 배치된 전시집기에 의해 활기를 띠게 된다. 간막이와 전시선반, 니체, 스테이지 등의 요소를 융통성있게 결합시킨 형식의 전시집기는 공간을 분할하는 간막이로서, 미술품을 진열하는 가구로서, 형태를 창조하는 형태요소로서 복합적인 역할을 수행하게 된다. 정연하게 배치된 전시집기는 또한 여러개의 시각적 축과 중심을 발생시켜 사람들로 하여금 다양한 각도에서 투시적 시각으로 미술품을 감상하게 하는 독특한 환경을 창조하게 된다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2019

인공동결공법(artificial ground freezing method)은 연약지반 및 도심지에서의 지하구조물 시공에 적합한 차수 및 지반보강 공법이다. 인공동결공법은 동결관(freezing pipe)을 지중에 매설한 후 냉매(refregerant)를 순환시켜 대상 지반에 차수벽 및 지지체의 역할을 수행하는 동결벽체(frozen wall)를 형성한다. 그러나 간극수의 동결에 따른 간극수의 부피팽창은 지반의 변형을 야기시킬 수 있고, 시공완료 후 동결토의 융해에 따른 지반의 소성변형 및 입자의 재배치 등은 지반의 역학적 특성을 변화시킨다. 본 논문에서는 인공동결공법에 따른 해성 점토지반(marine clay)의 동결속도를 평가하기 위하여 인공동결공법 현장실증시험을 수행하였다. 현장실증시험은 지중에 3.2 m 깊이로 매설된 동결관 1공 내로 초저온 냉매인 액화질소를 순환시키는 방법으로 수행되었다. 또한, 원지반과 인공동결공법에 의해 동결/융해된 지반에 대한 피에조 콘 관입시험(piezo cone penetration test, CPTu) 및 공내재하시험(lateral load test, LLT)을 수행함으로써 동결/융해(freezing-thawing)에 따른 해성 점토지반의 강도 및 강성 특성의 변화를 평가하였다. 시험결과, 부피가 약 $2.12m^3$인 원기둥 모양의 동결체를 형성하는데 총 3.5일이 동안 약 11.9 ton의 액화질소가 소요되었다. 동결/융해에 따른 지반의 강도 및 강성 저하는 각각 48.5%, 22.7%로 산정되었다.