• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

Main research question of this study is about whether gated community (GC) as private urban governance gets along with local public goods by locating near to them. We examine this question through testing the Tiebout hypothesis from case study of Seoul, capital city of South Korea, in which GCs are so common to test the assumption empirically. For this, we examine the meaning of GC in 3 Es viewpoints; conceptualize the framework of Tieboutian co-evolution of GC and local public goods by hedonic price modeling. As a result, possibilities are found that GCs are to be seen from different point of view, viz. co-evolutionary mechanism between private and public governance; GCs effectively capture and represent the demand of residents for local public goods through voting by their collective locational choice. It allows us different kind of approach to investigate APTs as a co-evolutionary form of private and public urban order rather than seeing them only as a tool of speculative investment, particularly in rapidly urbanizing countries like Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2020

Recently, the role of community in public design has become important. However, the design process often places only emphasis on the 'agreement' of the community. As a result, the process was forced to collect opinions from the community only passively. Also, a process that only focuses on the formation of an agreement is likely to provoke confrontations and conflicts between those who support and oppose it. In the end, persuasion by the opposing residents is more important than decision-making by the whole community. Therefore, it has recently been paying attention to 'decision-making' that values a variety of things, not 'agreement formation'. Because various values of the community are valued and process is more important than result, 'decision-making' is different from 'agreement formation'. South Korea is also paying attention to public design, where community decision-making is central. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a methodology that can support community decision making. In Jeju, the community's decision-making support methodology was devised for urban regeneration. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of this methodology and to reveal its potential and challenge as a decision-supporting methodology.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.288-300
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of social participation and depressive symptoms with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults living in urban and rural areas. Methods: This secondary, cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 66,765 adults aged ≥65 years (urban-26,485 and rural-40,280) who participated in the household and individual surveys of the Korea Community Health Survey 2019. Data on the main study variables including social participation, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL were collected from August 16 to October 31, 2019. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors affecting HRQoL in urban and rural older adults. Results: The proportion of social participation (χ²=354.69, p<.001) and the level of HRQoL (χ²=12.06, p<.001) were significantly higher in older adults living in urban area than those in rural area. However, there was no significant difference in depressive symptoms between older adults living in urban and rural areas. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that social participation and depressive symptoms were significant predictors of HRQoL in both urban and rural older adults. Conclusion: Our main finding highlights that active participation in social activities and management of depressive symptoms in older adults regardless of living arrangements are crucial to improve HRQoL in later life. Interventions to increase social participation include early assessment of depressive symptoms in the community to promote HRQoL. More longitudinal studies are needed to identify the factors associated with HRQoL between older adults living in urban and rural areas while considering neighborhood environment and living arrangements.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.179-193
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• 2023

It is undeniable that urban greenspace is the soul of a city. Conventional urban greenspace such as parks, community gardens, playgrounds etc. located within a city reduce the negative effects of pollution, play a major role in the survival of the urban ecosystem, and promote healthy lifestyles. Today, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas, which is expected to increase to 68% by 2050. Projections show that urbanization and the gradual migration to urban areas combined with the fast growth of the world's population, could add another 2.5 billion people to urban areas by 2050 and almost 90% of this increase will take place in Asia(UN, 2018). As a result, many plots in the cities are and will continue to be occupied with buildings to provide residential support to the increased population. This will dangerously decrease urban greenspaces. Moreover, worldwide, food crisis, energy crisis, and social crisis is posing a great threat to the existence of mankind. Additionally, the COVID - 19 has introduced a new lifestyle where from work culture to community configuration has drastically transformed. In this scenario, residential buildings will have to serve more than just providing privacy and shelter. As urban greenspaces are being occupied by concrete residential buildings, these buildings will have to compensate for the percentage of urban green they are destroying and the issues they are imposing in the process. The goal of this thesis is to design, architecturally define and, categorize comprehensive 'sustainable Greenspace'(S.G.S) for the multi-family housing scenario. These will be different than the conventional green (veranda, rooftop green) we commonly see in residential buildings. An old, dilapidated apartment building will be the target of remodeling to fulfill the purpose of this thesis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.230-236
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• 2001

The usual definition of and urban resort was a place vastly different from places of daily life such as a theme park or other tourist destination. At the same time, revival of the combination of usual and unusual spaces, in a way like the mixed "Hare"(Special occasion of public event) and "Ke"(Daily life) spaces of communities of old Japan, is part of the idea of urban resorts. And they are places, which start by making a comfortable urban environment for citizens, providing a daily life full of culture and promoting a city′s identity to visitors. if we think about the kinds of structural elements of urban resorts, the usual elements include community, local culture and industry, while the unusual elements include symbols, festivities and interaction. Kobe Wing Stadium is a venue for the 2002 FIFA World Cup hosted by Korea and Japan. The city will build the stadium, but after construction management will be given over to private enterprise, hoping to utilize that sector′s business know how. A competition was held to determine the private executor who would be entrusted with the planning, design, construction and management of the project, considering the conditions of the area, the stadium′s relationship to it and local revitalization. The competition was won by a private enterprise (Kobe Steel Obayashi Group). The them of "Creation of a Sports Community Park" grapples with the large issue of the facility′s relationship with the community. American geographer Yi-fu Tuan coined the word "topophilia" to indicate love of a place. No other word could better describe the desired urban resort nature of the stadium. From this historical perspective it seems that stadiums have great potential as urban resorts. The factor that will determine their success is the attitude of citizens toward them, in short whether they develop topophilia for them or not. We examined the urban resort nature of Kobe Wing Stadium. Regarding daily life, we saw the attempts to revive the local community, the possibility of deepening the local culture and the weakened state of local industry. As a place that is for more than daily life, we saw the certainty of the stadium′s symbolism, its potential as a place for festivities and the test it will face as a space for interaction. Even though several issues are left for future resolution, evaluating Kobe Wing Stadium through these elements of an urban resort, it is clearly founded in the daily life of the community while providing a venue for "Hare"occasions. Fulfilling the roles of an urban resort, it provides many opportunities for local residents to enjoy their and gives visitors a reason to come repeatedly.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Ant communities are well suited for monitoring changes in ecosystems. Although numerous studies have examined the responses of ant communities to environmental disturbance, relatively few long-term studies on ant communities have been undertaken in urban environments. We examined species richness in nine urban parks in Hiroshima, Japan, and compared the survey results with data collected at the same sites by using the same methods in 1999. In both surveys, total of 25 species was recorded: 23 species in 1999 and 20 species in 2012. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the ant communities consisted of two distinct groups, which could in turn be characterized by three patterns of ant community changes in between the two groups. The first of these community change patterns was characterized by a shift within group 1, but the number of species remained constant (approx. 10 species). The second pattern was characterized by a shift within group 2, but the number of species remained low (approx. 4 species). The third pattern was characterized by a shift from group 1 to group 2 as the abundance of Linepithema humile (Mayr) increased over time. Unlike the first and second patterns, the number of ant species in communities of the third type decreased significantly. These findings suggest that L. humile has a marked effect on the species diversity of indigenous ant communities in urban environments.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.940-945
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• 2009

Energy planning for hybrid energy system is important to increase the flexibility in the urban community and national energy systems. Expected maximum loads, load profiles and yearly energy demands are important input parameters to plan for the technical and environmental optimal energy system for a planning area. The method for energy demand prediction has been based on artificial neural networks(ANN). The advantage of ANN with respect to the other method is their ability of modeling a multivariable problem given by the complex relationships between the variables. This method can produce 10% of errors hourly load profile from individual building to urban community. As the results of this paper, energy demand prediction system has been developed based on simulink.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2008

Benthic macroinvertebrates were examined to elucidate community structures of a set of 9 shallow ponds from a total of 6 parks located in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. The result showed that macroinvertebrates were diverse and abundant, and aquatic macrophyte provide habitat diversities in ponds. The differences among benthic macroinvertebrate community compositions seemed to be attributed to local biotic and abiotic interactions. We surveyed benthic macroinvertebrate, biotic (macrophyte), abiotic (turbidity, nutrient concentrations, conductivity, heavy metal concentration) and morphometric (area, depth) of the lentic systems. Generally, the benthic macroinvertebrates were dominated by Cloeon dipterum or Coenagrion sp.. Distribution of the aquatic macrophyte community was correlated with the species composition of macroinvertebrates. The result demonstrated a significant and positive relationship between habitat quality and macroinvertebrate composition.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2018

The Purpose of this study was to enhancing sustainable participation of community gardeners by comparing general apartment complex with public lease apartment complex by drawing indices for quantitative research. This research carried out interviews and statistical research with 319. The results revealed statistically difference between 2 types of apartment, and satisfactions and intention of continuous participation is also different from each sustainable in participating in community garden are also different from each type. Overall, however, participation of female citizens, public assistance, area of plot, and effectiveness of exchange can enhance participants' continuous participation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.131-142
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• 2016

Urban agriculture, which can be defined as agriculture performed in a city, is suggested as an alternative solution to restore deserted community and expand green land in city area through cultivation activities. In Korea, 'Urban Agriculture Promotion and Support Act' was enforced from May 2012. In addition, in the same year, Seoul Metropolitan Government declared 'the beginning of urban agriculture era,' established municipal ordinance, and increased budget to actively support urban agriculture. As a result, urban agriculture practices have been increasing every year. Yet, the way of developing urban agriculture in a uniform way of expanding green land has led to difficulties of securing proper spaces. Accordingly, 'roof top' spaces have gained attention. This study analyzes rooftop garden, one of the spaces of carrying out urban agriculture, from the publicness perspective. The study selected a case study of a public rooftop garden in Mullae-dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, investigated present conditions and usage features of the garden, and explored the conditions to be a 'public' roof top garden. Through theoretical analysis, both physical and non-physical indicators were derived for analysis framework; physical aspects- accessibility, locality, openness, comfortness, and non-physical aspects- subjectivity, cooperativeness, and a sense of community. The results of this study are as follows. First, openness and locality scores were the highest, and comfortness scored the lowest, in ensuring the publicness of Mullae roof top garden. Second, non-physical indicators had stronger effect than physical indicators on rooftop garden users' awareness on publicness and building a garden community. In conclusion, in order to vitalize roof top garden, users should be engaged from the very first planning stage of building a garden, opening hours should not be limited, and more importance should be put on users to subjectively manage the operation of rooftop garden than merely creating a physical environment.