• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.277-290
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• 2020

Disasters, including earthquakes and landslides, have enormous economic and social losses besides their impact on environmental disruption. Iran, and particularly its Western part, is known as an earthquake susceptible area due to numerous strong ground motions. Studying ecological changes due to climate change can improve the public and expert sector's awareness and response to future disastrous events. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technologies are appropriate tools for modeling and surface deformation modeling. This paper proposes an efficient approach to detect ground deformation changes using Sentinel-1A. The focal point of this research is to map the ground surface deformation modeling is presented using InSAR technology over Sarpol-e Zahab on 25^th November 2018 as a study case. For surface deformation modeling and detection of the ground movement due to earthquake SARPROZ in MATLAB programming language is used and discussed. Results show that there is a general ground movement due to the Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake between -7 millimeter to +18 millimeter in the study area. This research verified previous researches on the advanced image analysis techniques employed for mapping ground movement, where InSAR provides a reliable tool for assisting engineers and the decision-maker in choosing proper policies in a time of disasters. Based on the result, 574 out of 682 damaged buildings and infrastructures due to the 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake have moved from -2 to +17 mm due to the 2018 earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 Richter. Results show that mountainous areas have suffered land subsidence, where urban areas had land uplift.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

In line with the recent public concern on the environmental issues in building industry, there has been a rise in demand for a healthy, sustainable housing environment in South Korea. In order to achieve a healthy environment in residential buildings, considerable efforts have been made in a wide range of sectors. Among others, the development of the certification schemes to promote environment-friendly planning and building construction is remarkable. In urban South Korea, recently built houses tend to be significantly high-rise, high-density buildings. Global warming has brought about drastic climate change and continued to increase the average annual temperature year by year. These changes should be well reflected on the government's implementation of the building environmental assessment system. For guidance, therefore, this study looks to the case of Hong Kong which is well known for high-density housing development and subtropical climate conditions. It compares the features of the green building certification schemes for newly developed multifamily housing in two regions, namely HK-BEAM in Hong Kong and G-SEED in South Korea. Based on the findings, it argues that the G-SEED implementor should have expanded roles in providing training programs and follow-up services in collaboration with the certification authorities. It is also argued that G-SEED professionals should be involved in the early stages of design processes, and training programs and licence systems to produce green building professionals should be developed. Finally, it points out that the assessment indicators should be more detailed and diversified.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.381-389
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• 2016

In this study, we developed evaluation indicators of dam rehabilitation considering climate change in order to prepare for safety of aging dam facilities in accordance with changes in rainfall intensity. The validity and appropriateness of each indicator, and the evaluation criteria were selected for quantitative indicators for each detail through domestic and international case studies, literature review, and expert advice. The survey was carried out to estimate the importance of each indicator for dam rehabilitation. The subjective assessment of the respondents was rearranged using pairwise comparison from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The reliability of the survey results was evaluated through consistent verification. In addition, a comparative assessment was carried out which evaluated the reliability importance estimation result to refine the criteria to distinguish rating scales between expert and non-expert groups on dam-related fields.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 2018

Characteristics of precipitation response to enhanced aerosols have been investigated during the severe haze events observed in Korea for 2011 to 2016. All 6-years haze events are classified into long-range transported haze (LH: 31%), urban haze (UH: 28%), and yellow sand (YS: 18%) in order. Long-range transported one is mainly discussed in this study. Interestingly, both LH (68%) and YS (87%) appear to be more frequently accompanied with precipitation than UH (48%). We also found out the different timing of precipitation for LH and YS, respectively. The variations of precipitation frequency for the LH event tend to coincide with aerosol variations specifically in terms of temporal covariation, which is in contrast with YS. Increased aerosol loadings following precipitation for the YS event seems to be primarily controlled by large scale synoptic forcing. Meanwhile, aerosols for the LH event may be closely associated with precipitation longevity through changes in cloud microphysics such that enhanced aerosols can increase smaller cloud droplets and further extend light precipitation at weaker rate. Notably, precipitation persisted longer than operational weather forecast not considering detailed aerosol-cloud interactions, but the timescale was limited within a day. This result demonstrates active interactions between aerosols and meteorology such as probable modifications of cloud microphysics and precipitation, synoptic-induced dust transport, and precipitation-scavenging in Korea. Understanding of aerosol potential effect on precipitation will contribute to improving the performance of numerical weather model especially in terms of precipitation timing and location.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.60-76
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• 2021

The concept of resilience seems applicable for sustainable groundwater management. The resilience is broadly defined as the ability of a system to resist changes by external forces (EFs), and has been used for disaster management and climate change adaptation, including the groundwater resilience to climate change in countries where groundwater is a major water resource, whereas not yet in the geological society of South Korea. The resilience is qualitatively assessed using the absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacity representing the internal robustness, self-organization, and external recovery resources, respectively, while quantitatively using the system impact (SI) and recovery effort (RE). When the groundwater is considered a complicated system where physicochemical, biological, and geological components interact, the groundwater resilience can be defined as the ability of groundwater to maintain the targeted quality and quantity at any EFs. For the quantitative assessment, however, the resilience should be specified to an EF and measurable parameters should be available for SI and RE. This study focused on groundwater resilience to two EFs in urban areas, i.e., pollution due to land use change and groundwater withdrawal for underground structures. The resilience to each EF was assessed using qualitative components, while measurements for SI and RE were discussed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1033-1041
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• 2014

Rapid urbanization of Korea was an unprecedented example in the world and urban population increased significantly. As a result, unbalanced distribution of population is serious problem in Korea because approximately 50% of the population is concentrated in the capital area that is 10% of nation's territory, thereby occurring various urban problems including UHI. Hence, Sejong Special Autonomous City was inaugurated officially on 2 July 2012 in order to decentralize population of capital area and induce more balanced regional development. The Sejong City has been changed drastically over a period of years as developed practically since the late 2000's and is expected to have new problems of urbanization. The land cover change due to urbanization is the main cause of UHI that urban area is significantly warmer than its surrounding areas and UHI is not only affecting urban climate change but also natural environment. So the purpose of this research is to analyze level of urbanization and UHI effect and to provide the correlation analysis between Land Surface Temperature and spectral indices. To achieve this, satellite imagery from LANDSAT were used. NDVI, NDBI, and UI were calculated using red, near-infrared, mid-infrared ($0.63{\mu}m-1.75{\mu}m$) images and LST was retrieved utilizing thermal infrared ($10.4{\mu}m-12.5{\mu}m$) image. Based on each index and LST, Changes of NDVI, UI and UHI through TVI were analyzed in Sejong City. UHI effect increased around newly constructed multi-functional administrative city, the correlation between LST and NDVI was negative and UI was strong positive.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.51-64
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• 2022

Along with the urbanization, the risk of urban flooding due to climate change is increasing. Flood regulation, one of the ecosystem services, is implemented in the different level of function of flood risk mitigation by the type of ecosystem such as forests, arable land, wetlands etc. Land use changes due to development pressures have become an important factor in increasing the vulnerability by flash flood. This study has conducted evaluating the urban flood regulation service using InVEST UFRM(Urban Flood Risk Model). As a result of the simulation, the potential water retention by ecosystem type in the event of a flash flood according to RCP 4.5(10 year frequency) scenario was 1,569,611 tons in urbanized/dried areas, 907,706 tons in agricultural areas, 1,496,105 tons in forested areas, 831,705 tons in grasslands, 1,021,742 tons in wetlands, and 206,709 tons in bare areas, the water bodies was estimated to be 38,087 tons. In the case of more severe 100-year rainfall, 1,808,376 tons in urbanized/dried areas, 1,172,505 tons in agricultural areas, 2,076,019 tons in forests, 1,021,742 tons in grasslands, 47,603 tons in wetlands, 238,363 tons in bare lands, and 52,985 tons in water bodies. The potential economic damage from flood runoff(100 years frequency) is 122,512,524 thousand won in residential areas, 512,382,410 thousand won in commercial areas, 50,414,646 thousand won in industrial areas, 2,927,508 thousand won in Infrastructure(road), 8,907 thousand won in agriculture, Total of assuming a runoff of 50 mm(100 year frequency) was estimated at 688,245,997 thousand won. In a conclusion. these results provided an overview of ecosystem functions and services in terms of flood control, and indirectly demonstrated the possibility of using the model as a tool for policy decision-making. Nevertheless, in future research, related issues such as application of models according to various spatial scales, verification of difference in result values due to differences in spatial resolution, improvement of CN(Curved Number) suitable for the research site conditions based on actual data, and development of flood damage factors suitable for domestic condition for the calculation of economic loss.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.587-599
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• 2023

As climate change increasesthe frequency and risk of flooding in major cities around theworld, the importance ofsimulation technology that can quickly and accurately analyze high-resolution 2D flooding information in large-scale areasis emerging. The physically-based approaches based on the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) often requires huge computer resources hindering high-resolution flood prediction. This study investigated the theoretical background of Weighted Cellular Automata 2D (WCA2D), which simulates spatio-temporal changes offlooding using transition rules and weight-based system, and assessed feasibility to simulate pluvial flooding in the urbancatchment, theOncheon-cheon catchmentinBusan, SouthKorea.Inaddition,the computation performancewas compared by applying versions using OpenComputing Language (OpenCL) andOpenMulti-Processing (OpenMP) parallel computing techniques. Simulationresultsshowed that the maximuminundation depthmap by theWCA2Dmodel cansimilarly reproduce historical inundation maps. Also, it can precisely simulate spatio-temporal changes of flooding extent in the urban catchment with complex topographic characteristics. For computation efficiency, parallel computing schemes, theOpenCLandOpenMP, improved the computation by about 8~14 and 5~6 folds respectively, compared to the sequential computation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2020

This paper studies the activities characteristics of the elderly aged 60-75 years old who can take care of themselves in the community public space, and puts forward the design principles of the community public space in the aging society. Using the methodology of experience design, through naturalistic observation, questionnaires, interviews and shadowing, the spatial and temporal characteristics of daily activities of the elderly are analyzed. In the community public space, the behavior of the elderly is essentially a social activity to get more attention and communication. This determines the needs, time, frequency and duration of activities of the elderly in community public space. In the community public space, the behavior of the elderly has the characteristics of long-term and regularity, and its behavior changes slightly with the space, the objective factors that affect the elderly are gender, age and climate. The subjective factors are lifestyle, family members and income level.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.56-60
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• 2008

Increasing urban sprawl and climate changes have been causing unexpected high-intensity rainfall events. Thus there are needs to enhance conventional disaster management system for comprehensive actions to secure safety. Therefore long-term and comprehensive flood management plans need to be well established. Recently torrential snowfall are occurring frequently, causing have snow traffic jams on the road. To secure safety and on-time operation of the Bi-modal tram system, well-structured disaster management system capable of analyzing the urban flash flooding and snow pack melt/freezing due to unexpected rainfall event and snowfall are needed. To secure safety of the Bi-modal tram system due to torrential snowfall, the snow melt simulation capability was investigated. The snow accumulation and snow melt were measured to validate the SWMM snow melt component. It showed that there was a good agreement between measured snow melt data and the simulated ones. Therefore, the Bi-modal tram disaster management system will be able to predict snow melt reasonably well to secure safety of the Bi-modal tram system during the winter. The Bi-modal tram disaster management system can be used to identify top priority area for snow removal within the tram route in case of torrential snowfall to secure on-time operation of the tram. Also it can be used for detour route in the tram networks based on the disaster management system predicted data.