• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.232-245
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 지표이용도 특성이 반영된 고해상도 기상예측모델 도시캐노피모형(WRF-UCM)의 수치모의 실험을 통해 도심과 전원 지역 기상변수 및 에너지수지 변화 경향에 대하여 분석하였다. UCM을 적용하지 않은 WRF 모의 결과를 규준실험으로 설정하였으며, 거칠기 길이 변화와 인공열 고려에 따라 총 4가지 실험을 비교하여 분석하였다. UCM을 적용한 실험에서 거칠기 길이의 수정 전과 후의 기온과 풍속의 변화가 크게 나타나지 않았으나, 인공열을 고려한 UCM의 모의 기온과 풍속은 고려하기 전보다 크게 차이가 나타났다. 모의 실험 간의 차이는 전원 지역보다 도시 지역에서 더 크게 나타났다. 자동기상관측(AWS) 기온 관측 자료에 대하여 UCM에 인공열을 고려한 결과의 평방근오차(RMSE)가 가장 적었다. 또한, 차세대도시농림융합기상사업단의 중랑 에너지수지관측소지점의 현열플럭스 관측자료에 대한 검증 수치는 인공열을 고려하여 UCM을 적용한 실험의 RMSE와 BIAS 값이 가장 낮았다. 인공열을 고려한 UCM 적용이 도심의 현열플럭스 모의 향상에 영향을 주었다. 또한, UCM을 적용한 후 도시 지역 잠열플럭스의 변화 모의를 분석할 수 있었으며, 도심과 전원 지역 모두 UCM 적용 후에 관측 값과 더 가까운 검증 수치를 나타냈다. 결과적으로 WRF 모델에 UCM의 적용이 지표플럭스 모의 향상에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.984-989
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• 2004

Significant air temperature increases in urban areas is well known as the heat island phenomenon in a global scale. Therefore, we propose numerical model in order to analyze quantitative effects of building environmental factors on the heat island phenomenon in urban area. In this paper, thermal property of upper atmosphere is experimentally investigated for Sakae, Nagoya Japan. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the boundary layer of a urban canopy existed near the altitude of 139 m.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_3호
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• pp.1009-1029
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• 2023

도시 수목은 탄소를 저장하고 불투수면적을 감소시키는 도시 생태계의 중요 요소이며, 탄소 저장량 및 순환량 산정 시 주요 정보로 활용될 수 있다. 많은 선행 연구에서 항공 라이다 자료 및 인공지능 기법을 활용하여 고해상도 수목 정보를 산출하고 있으나, 항공 라이다 영상은 제공하는 플랫폼이 제한되어 있으며 비용적인 면에서도 한계가 다수 존재한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수원시를 대상으로 자료 취득이 용이한 고해상도 위성 영상인 Sentinel-2를 활용하여 기계학습 기반의 도시 내 수목 피복률(fractional tree canopy cover, FTC)을 추정하고자 하였다. Sentinel-2 시계열 영상으로부터 중앙값 합성을 수행하여 수원시 전역에 대한 단일 영상을 제작하여 활용하였다. 도시 내 토지 피복의 이질성을 반영하기 위하여, 30 m 격자내 10 m 해상도의 광학 지수의 평균 및 표준편차 값과 환경부 세분류 토지 피복 지도 기반 항목별 피복률을 계산하여 기계학습 모델의 입력 변수로 활용하였다. 총 4가지의 입력 변수 조합을 설정하여, 입력 변수 구성에 따른 FTC 추정 정확도를 비교 및 평가하였다. 광학 영상의 평균 정보만을 활용(Scheme 1)했을 때 보다 도시 내 이질적인 특성을 반영할 수 있는 표준 편차 및 피복률 정보를 모두 함께 고려(Scheme 4, S4)했을 때 향상된 성능을 나타낼 수 있었다. 검증용 자료에 대해 S4의 Random Forest (RF) 모델이 0.8196의 R², 0.0749의 mean absolute error (MAE), 및 0.1022의 root mean squared error (RMSE)로 전체 기계학습 모델 중에서 성능이 가장 높게 나타났다. 변수 기여도 분석 결과 광학 지수의 표준 편차 정보는 도시 내 복잡한 토지 피복 지역에 대해 높은 기여도를 나타내었다. 훈련된 S4 구성의 RF 모델을 수원시 전역에 대해 확장 적용하였을 때, 참조 FTC 자료에 대해 0.8702의 R², 0.0873의 MAE, 및 0.1335의 RMSE의 우수한 성능을 나타냈다. 본 연구의 FTC 추정 기법은 향후 다른 지역에 대한 적용성이 우수할 것으로 판단되며, 도시 생태계 탄소순환 파악의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to figure out the structural characteristics of urban plant community and suggest restoration model of Quercus mongolica in the case of Korean national Capital Region. The investigation areas were selected from urban area of Mt. Nam at Chung-Gu, suburban areas of Mt. Bong at Eunpyoung-GU, Mt. Sungju at Buchon City and non-urban areas of Mt. Suri at Kunpu City and Mt. Chonma t namyangju-City. After the main study field had been classified into the evaluation of the ecological characteristics and the modeling of the vegetation. We analyzed to evaluate the ecological characteristics of the forest structure -- successional stage, naturalness, multi-layer structure of the forest and species diversity, and the plant community structures. We have proposed vegetation restoration model based on the selection of proper plants, the number of individuals, diameter short area of breast height, the shortest distance between plants in non-urban area. As for successional stage, It was judged that the ecological succession may not be followed like the present stage of the surveyed areas in urban, suburban and non-ruban areas. As for the retention of naturalness and multi-layer structures of vegetation, In Quercus mongolica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Ailanthus altissima occurred in each layers at Mt. Nam, Mt. Bong and Mt. Sungju, and Eupatorium rugosum occurred in herbaceous layer at Mt. Nam. Consequently, the ecological restoration plan following the structure of the vegetation in Mt. Chonma seemed to be advisable in Q. mongolica community, there were less number of species and individuals in urban areas than those of non-urban areas. Planting of trees following the simulated native plant community of non-urban areas seemed to be required to promote the plants in urban areas. Considering the number of individuals up to three layers in each 400$m^2$ area, it was composed of twenty nine in canopy layer, forth nine in understory layer, 367 in shrub layer and 33.7% herbaceous ground cover in the Q.mongolica community. The suggested restoration model in this study is nan applicable model for the introduction in the cities, and this study shows that continuous experiments and field investigation on this model should be performed in the future.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.665-681
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• 2012

This study investigates the influence of anthropogenic heat (AH) release on urban boundary layer in the Gyeong-In region using the Weather Research and Forecasting model that includes the Seoul National University Urban Canopy Model (SNUUCM). The gridded AH emission data, which is estimated in the Gyeong-In region in 2002 based on the energy consumption statistics data, are implemented into the SNUUCM. The simulated air temperature and wind speed show good agreement with the observed ones particularly in terms of phase for 11 urban sites, but they are overestimated in the nighttime. It is found that the influence of AH release on air temperature is larger in the nighttime than in the daytime even though the AH intensity is larger in the daytime. As compared with the results with AH release and without AH release, the contribution of AH release on urban heat island intensity is large in the nighttime and in the morning. As the AH intensity increases, the water vapor mixing ratio decreases in the daytime but increases in the nighttime. The atmospheric boundary layer height increases greatly in the morning (0800 - 1100 LST) and midnight (0000 LST). These results indicate that AH release can have an impact on weather and air quality in urban areas.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

Urban parks are important bird habitat in cities. Various studies have evaluated the habitat function of urban parks focused on field surveys. In this study, we performed applicability of NDVI obtained from Landsat 8 OLI image as a factor for spatial planning considered bird diversity. This study was classified with green boundary into three groups using NDVI's value. Environmental variables were calculated by the green area ratio of the surrounding area from 100m to 500m at each groups. The 20 environmental variables such as park area, park shape index, canopy of tree, etc. were derived, the regression analysis was performed as a dependent variable for the bird diversity of urban parks. As a result, the park area and the green area ratio of Group 3, classified high NDVI, within the 100m buffer were adopted as the variables in the regression model. In other words, it was confirmed that as the park becomes larger, the distribution of key green areas within a radius of 100m of the parks becomes higher, the diversity of bird species has increased. It was appropriate to use satellite image, NDVI to analyze species diversity in urban area.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 복잡한 도심의 구조로 인한 미세먼지 농도의 강화 가능성에 대하여 데이터 마이닝 기술과 군집분석을 이용해 조사하였다. 데이터 마이닝 분석에서 미세먼지 농도와 서울지역 도시용도 데이터 사이에는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 전국 공공데이터를 기반으로 한 군집분석에서는 건물의 높이(층수)에서 특히 PM₁₀과 강한 상관관계가 나타났다. 단일 케노피 모델(Single Canopy Model) 및 미기상 도시모델링 프로그램(ENVI-Met.4)을 사용한 모델링 분석을 실시하여 도시지역에서 모사된 대기 대류가 건물 분포 및 높이 유형의 배열에 따라 다양한 난류의 패턴을 구현함을 확인하였다. 도시 건물의 복잡한 구조는 대류활동을 제어하여 정체상태를 유도하고 지표 부근의 미세먼지 강화가능성을 초래 하였다. 따라서 도심 구조와 형태에 따른 열환경의 변화로 인한 정체 효과는 미세먼지 산정에 있어서 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 복잡한 도시지역의 미세먼지 잔류확률에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위해서는 대기정체 현상이 중요한 의미로 해석될 수 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2012

GRS is an effective urban ecology restoration technique that can manage a variety of environmental functions such as ecological restoration, rainwater spill control and island heat effect from a low-impact development standpoint that can be utilized in new construction and retrofits. Recently, quantitative evaluation studies, both domestic and abroad, in the areas related to these functions, including near-earth surface climate phenomenon, heavy rainwater regulation, thermal environment of buildings, have been actively underway, and there is a trend to standardize in the form of technological standards. In particular, centered on the advanced European countries, studies of standardizing the specific insulation capability of buildings with green system that comprehensively includes the green roof, from the perspective of replacing the exterior materials of existing buildings, are in progress. The limitation of related studies in the difficulties associated with deriving results that reflect material characteristics of continuously evolving systems due in part to not having sufficiently considered the main components of green system, mechanisms of vegetation, soils. This study attempts to derive, through EnergyPlus, the effects that the vegetation-related indicators such as vegetation height, FCV, etc. have on building energy load, by interpreting vegetation and soil mechanisms through plant canopy model and using an ecological standard indicator LAI that represent the condition of plant growth. Through this, the interpretations that assume green roof system as simple heat insulation will be complemented and a more practical building energy performance evaluation method that reflects numerical methods for heat fluxes phenomena that occur between ecology restoration systems comprised of plants and soil and the ambient space.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

An invasive disturbance species has caused harm to biodiversity and ecosystem. To address the issue, identifying the characteristics of a habitat for invasive disturbance species is considered for forest management. This study analyzed a status of plant species by field survey based on belt transect method in the capital areas and established a predictive model for invasive disturbance species by logistic regression. As results of the study, the number of herb, vine, and invasive disturbance species and a canopy cover of tree would decrease from the forest edge to core areas (p<0.001). The predictive model was derived with variables of altitude, Topographic Wetness Index, distance to forest edge, and canopy cover of tree. It can be useful in estimating the presence or absence of species and predicting its spatial distribution. Further studies are needed to identify the pathway of introduction, spread, and possibility of germination for understanding the status of invasive disturbance species in more depth.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2003

This paper presents the air corridor planning strategy based on simulation with MUKLMO_3 (Micro-scale Urban Climate Model) to investigate the wind field and air corridor caused by the land-use change of the New Town Development Area in Pan-Gyo. In the first part, the most frequently observed wind field in the New Town Development Area was measured and used as an initial value to simulate a more realistic wind field and air corridor. Several experiments with different initial values of wind fields were carried out to investigate the wind field change affected by the New Town Development. The results show the features of the wind field of the neutral stability condition in the urban canopy layer with a high resolution near the ground. The wind speed is weakened at this level due to the New Town Development. It was found that the wind field and air corridor are influenced by the land-use change. After the development of the New Town, the speed of the wind field decreased and the main wind directions and air corridor changed. In this study, this model is found to be a useful tool for evaluating air corridor and change of wind field in speed and direction.