• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of allergic disease among elementary school students in rural and urban areas. Methods: In this study, 1,513 elementary students (1,163 in urban areas, 350 in rural areas) were surveyed. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage of allergic symptoms and $X^2$ test was used to identify differences in the prevalence of allergic symptoms between urban and rural area students. The SAS program was used in the data analysis. Results: There were significant differences in the prevalence of allergic disease according to whether there was a family member with a prior history of allergy symptoms. 48.7% of surveyed students (49.4% in urban, 46.3% in rural) had allergic symptoms. Allergic rhinitis was the most frequent allergic symptom in both urban and rural students. Conclusion: These results suggest that there is a need to prevent and manage allergies among elementary students. The family history should be considered an important factor when a program for allergy prevention and management is developed. Interventions are needed in both areas, especially for students with allergic rhinitis.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify suicidal ideation in high school students in urban and rural areas. Methods: For this research two urban and two rural high schools in four cities were chosen. The participants were 713 students (373 in the urban area, 340 in the rural area). The survey was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2012. Data were analyzed with chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression using SPSS 18.0. Results: Results showed that 19.5% of respondents had suicidal ideation within the past 1 year. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation and developmental assets between the two areas. Multiple regression analysis revealed that support, school violence, gender, family abuse, constructive use of time, and positive identity were significant predictors and explained 26% of suicidal ideation for high school students in urban areas. On the other hand, in rural areas, family abuse, gender, positive identity, smoking and empowerment were significant predictors and explained 31% of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The findings indicate that implementation of a suicide prevention program in which consideration is given to these factors, and taking into account differences between urban and rural students would be helpful in reducing suicidal ideation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1497-1500
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• 2006

The cooling effect of paddy fields was compared with those of other land-use areas (upland, urban park, and urban residential area) during midsummer. The temperature were monitored using data logger at one hour intervals in study sites. Diurnal temperature range of study areas in clear days was larger than in cloudy days. Also, diurnal temperature ranges in paddy field, upland, and park areas were larger than those in the urban residential area during clear days. The paddy field or upland area has shown more remarkable cooling effect compared to urban residential areas: Mean duration of temperature below $25^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field area is longer(7 to 8 hours) than in the residential area; The time to fall to below $25^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field area is sooner than in the residential area; Mean daily minimum temperature in the paddy field area is much lower than in the residential area.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2015

이 연구는 일개 시 지역에서 환경오염의 가능성이 높은 도심 주민과 특별한 산업 시설이 없는 농촌 주민을 대상으로 설문조사와 피부단자검사를 시행하여, 알레르기비염의 유병률을 파악하고, 각각의 다른 환경이 두 지역 주민의 알레르기비염에 어떤 영향을 미칠 수 있는지를 조사하였다. 정확한 유병률을 구하기 위해서 병원에 방문한 환자가 아닌 일반 지역 주민을 대상으로 하였고, 증상만을 평가하는 설문조사로는 과대평가될 수 있으므로 객관적인 피부단자검사를 병행하였으며, 연령에 따라 알레르기 원인 물질에 대한 감수성이 다르게 나타나고 노출된 기간과 질병 이환율을 고려하기 위해서 연령군을 어린이, 청소년, 성인군으로 나누어 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는 일반적으로 확진된 알레르기비염의 유병률이 도심에서 8.4%, 농촌에서는 6.9%로 차이를 보이지 않았다(8.4% vs. 6.9%). 하지만, 연령에 따라서 어린이, 청소년, 성인군으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 어린이와 청소년에서는 도심과 농촌 간에 유의한 차이가 없음을 보였지만, 성인에서는 도심 지역에서 최근 1년 동안의 알레르기비염의 증상 유병률(30.5% vs. 22.4%)과 확진된 알레르기비염의 유병률(8.2% vs. 3.7%)이 농촌지역보다 유의하게 높은 결과를 보여서 산업화, 도시화로 인한 환경 유해물질이 알레르기비염 유병률에 영향을 줄 것으로 생각이 된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권2_1호
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• pp.167-178
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• 2018

도심녹지는 도심 주변의 높은 기온을 낮춰 주는 중요한 역할을 한다. 도심녹지의 냉각효과는 녹지내부 뿐만 아니라 주변 도로와 빌딩 지역에도 영향을 준다. 도심녹지가 주변에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 2013년부터 2015년까지 관측된 Landsat 8 위성자료를 이용하여 서울 선정릉 주변의 지표면온도를 산출하였다. 선정릉 주변의 지표면온도 분포를 분석한 결과, 도심녹지의 냉각효과는 녹지를 중심으로 여러 방향에서 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 도심녹지의 냉각효과에 미치는 토지피복의 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 주거지역과 상업지역에 대해 냉각효과를 분석한 결과 주거지역의 냉각효과 범위가 100~250 m로 나타났고, 평균 $2.3^{\circ}C$의 냉각효과를 보였다. 반면, 상업지역의 냉각효과 범위는 0~200 m 였고, 평균 약 $0.3^{\circ}C$의 냉각효과를 보였다. 이러한 분석 결과를 통해 도심녹지의 냉각효과는 상업지역보다 주거지역에서 강도와 범위가 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 지역연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2019

도시의 개발과 고밀화는 도시공간의 기온이 주변지역보다 높아지는 도시열섬(Urban Heat Island)현상의 원인이 되고 있으며, 도시열섬현상은 기후변화와 함께 그 강도가 증가하고 있다. 이와 더불어 여름철 도시의 대기온도가 상승할 때 소득이 낮은 계층, 고령인구, 건강에 문제가 있는 사회적 취약계층은 높아진 열환경에 대처할 수 있는 능력이 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 서울시의 열섬지역을 공간통계 기법인 Hotspot 분석을 통해 도출하고, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용하여 열섬지역의 물리적 환경과 인구 및 사회경제적 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 서울시 423개 행정동을 대상으로 동별 평균 대기온도를 이용하여 도시열섬 Hotspot 분석을 실행한 결과, 서울시 중구, 종로구, 용산구, 영등포구에서 도시열섬 지역이 집중적으로 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 열섬지역의 물리적 환경 특성을 분석한 결과, 주거시설 연면적 비율, 상업시설 연면적 비율, 용적률, 불투수면 비율, 정규화식생지수(NDVI)가 열섬지역에 영향을 미치는 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 또한, 열섬지역의 인구 및 사회·경제적 특성을 고려한 열환경 취약지역을 분석한 결과, 기초생활수급자 비율, 독거노인 비율, 기초생활수급을 받는 독거노인 비율 등이 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시열섬현상에 영향을 미치는 물리적 환경변수를 도출하고 사회적 취약계층의 공간적 분포와 도시열섬지역이 중첩되어 있는 지역을 판별함으로써 향후 취약계층을 고려한 도시 열환경 설계와 정책 개발에 있어 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1992

As our global population grows each day, it is apparent that we must find new ways to provide space for habitation and the services necessary to support large urban areas. It is no longer advisable nor acceptable to continue to expand our cities on the surface, encroaching on valuable agricultural land and open space. We must also find ways to be more energy efficient in every aspect of our societies. Effective use of underground space can provide the space necessary to accommodate larger populations and the services necessary for their support in existing urban areas we can also find new ways to utilize underground facilities to improve urban efficiency and function. Underground technology has improved dramatically in the last two decades and continues to evolve to meet a great variety of applications. The confluence of available technology, economic feasibility, and greater acceptance of underground solutions with recognition of the need to change the ways we build and use out urban areas and their surrounding environment indicates that we are witnessing only the beginning of appropriate and innovative use of underground space future generations will indeed 'Think deep'.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

Considering the situation in the early 20th century when the existing urban system centered on urban areas began to change, the biggest factors causing urban structural changes in urban areas are construction of railroad and urban dismantling. The change process of Eupseong, in the microscopic viewpoint, can be understood as a process of change in the course of dismantlement of town's demarcation, improvement of accessibility and urban expansion due to the construction of railroads, process of urban expansion following the crumbling boundaries and structural changes. This study aimed to look at the transformation process of the Eupseong in the early 20th century, focusing on the demolition of the castle and the railway construction from a microscopic point of view of city.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the self-rated oral health status of local residents and their quality of life in urban and county areas in an effort to provide information on how to improve their quality of life. Method : The 2015 community health survey data for South Gyeongsang Province(10 urban regions and 10 county areas) were analyzed. Result : The findings of the study were as follows: As for the characteristics of self- rated oral health, there were better self-rated oral health, less chewing difficulty, less use of dentures, higher rate of receiving dental checkups and more scaling experience in the urban communities than in the county areas. Concerning EQ-5D and happiness index by region, the two were higher in the urban regions than in the county areas. In regard to EQ-5D and happiness index by the characteristics of self-rated oral health, better self-rated oral health status and less chewing difficulty led to higher EQ-5D and higher happiness index. And the two were higher when dentures were not used, when more dental checkups were received and when there was more scaling experience. Conclusion : Therefore in order to boost the quality of life of local residents, the preparation of various educational programs is necessary to raise their awareness of health, and they should be provided with a wide range of medical benefits by dispersing medical institutions that are mostly located in urban communities or by expanding public health services in county areas.

• 한국인구학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.167-186
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• 1982

Financial barrier is well known as a determinant of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care in urban areas. This study aims to; a) estimate the levels of the perceived need for and utilization of medical care, b) analyze the reasons for not receiving medical care, and c) determine factors affecting the levels of need and utilization, and major reasons for not receiving medical care. The data of household interview survey in urban areas collected for a National Survey on Reorganization of Nationwide Health Care Delivery Network is used. An interview was conducted with a total of 2, 538 households in urban areas during a 28 day period of October through November, 1981, giving an overall response rate of 99 percent. The results show a factor of third-party payer is most influential to utilization (physician visits by patient), and living standard is a determinant to explain the variance of major reasons for not receiving medical care. Therefore, financial burden is still a major determent in utilization of medical care in urban areas. Improved level of living standard and expanded coverage of the third-party payer such as health insurance and public medical assistance will increase both an overall levels of utilization of and the need for medical care in urban areas in the future. The major statistics are as follows; a) rate of the need for medical care during a 15 day period per 100 persons was 33 percent: the differential rates appeared in sex, age, living standard, and third- party payer variables, b) percent of treatment employed per 100 persons who are wanting medical care was 82: the percents were high in young ages, high levels of living standard and education, and persons covered by third-party payer, and c) economic reasons for not receiving medical care per 100 persons who are wanting medical care were occupied with 60 percent: the rates are high in old ages, low levels of living standard and persons not covered by third-party payer.