• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.147-152
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the commercialization cause of 2nd class residential area in urban center as basic research to protect urban residential area against the pressure of commercialization. Through the research that are based on literature, field survey and urban planning map, it analysed the commercialization cause of selected two sites under similar urban condition ; to be a nearby subway station and to be a famous commercial street in site, etc. The consequences of this study are summarized as follows ; First the distance between subway station and residential block and residential commercialization are in inverse proportion each other. Second, the corner lot of a block and the access street directly connected collector street are very important factors to spread commercialization to residential area. Finally, nevertheless first and second results, there is square zone which is very high rate of commercialization within one regardless the distance between subway and residential block. the maximum range of square zone is assumed about 250 meter based on case study.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to suggest practical suggestions to mitigate Urban Heat Island(UHI) problems in Daegu regarding urban surface temperature. Urban street trees's size and the relations between urban land use types and surface temperature are analysed using aerial photos, the numerical value map and Landsat TM image with special reference to Jung-gu. Total urban street tree's crown size is $156,217.6m^2$ and it is equal to 2.24% of study area. In addition, the size of 'city and residential area' is $6,681,870m^2$(95.7% of study area), which causes UHI and the total size of 'river' shows the lowest surface temperature area and 'road' and 'business and service area' are the highest surface temperature zones. Therefore, it is probable that the network between urban street trees and the lowest surface temperature areas mitigate UHI effects.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 2014

This study was aimed at analyzing the location and the characteristics of the Urban hanok tissues that were formed in the downtown since 1920s. Focusing on the relationship between roads and lots, the developing process and the typological characteristics are examined. Through dividing the large and medium lots of the aristocratic families and on the hilly area near the Seoul City Wall, various shapes of urban hanok tissue were evolved. The urban hanok tissues developed before 1936 locate on the downtown sites, while those developed after 1936 locate on the hilly sites. The location of the tissues were identified in the upper area of Jong-no street. The former is composed of small size lots divided into average area $104.4m^2$ with the narrow alleys of about 2.0m width, while the latter is composed of medium size lots divided into average area $131.54m^2$ with the alleys of about 4.0m width. Moreover the structures of the tissues were evolved based on the developing period and the site condition. Moreover the structures of the tissues were evolved based on the developing period and the site condition. The typological characteristics were defined as the four patterns categorized with the bilateral concepts of alley's form and of alley's spacial feature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of urban parks and its problems in a city in Gyeonggi-do where new towns and old towns are mixed. The study will also analyze and understand the unbalanced deployment of urban parks - rest areas and carbon absorbers of an entire city - between old towns and new towns, suggest improvement opportunities and examine and suggest plans to create and expand urban parks in old cities that lack urban parks. Findings showed that first, new towns were 1.2~1.6 higher than old towns in the number of parks, park area, and per capita park area, indicating that parks were unbalanced across towns. Second, as for a plan for improving the unbalanced deployment of urban parks, when the use area needs to be changed in an urban development project, it was suggested to donate 10% of the project site to the city to create it into a park and it was suggested to identify and proactively improve alternative park resources that can replace parks such as rivers and recreational sites. Third, regarding a plan for improving urban parks in old towns, it was suggested to secure urban parks by attracting various urban development projects to old town areas. The amendment of related laws was proposed to double required park area to $6m^2$ per household. Amendments were also suggested for one law and four guidelines to specifically define the location of urban parks as well.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.99-106
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine adaptation types of urban tissue in Ipjeong-dong area, Seoul. Ipjeong-dong area has urban tissue those were made during Joseon dynasty and this is remaining even in the present time. This area was originally urban hanok residential districts till late 1950s. However, it has changed into machinery manufacture business area after demolition of Cheonggyechon shantytown. After several workshops and stores moved in this area, manufacturer and merchants required for more spaces due to lack of room for machinery. To place more workshops in the block, lot alteration were happened and accessibility to workshops inside the block were required. Adaptive road network which is main form of adaptative urban tissue were made to adapt in this kind of poor urban condition. To research about adaptive urban tissue making, distribution were explored and comparison tasks between various cadastral map of 1940, 1964, 1970s and 2017 were conducted. From these tasks, certain types of adaptive urban tissues and characteristics of these elements were found. First of all, forms of adaptive road depend on the surrounded environment. Connecting internal building corridor with original road system is categorized as Type A. Altering a portion of the buildings to make adaptive roads is categorized as Type B. Second, there were two types of formation of adaptive road. Type 1 is for adaptive road which is independent gesture from original road network. Type 2 is for adaptive road which is altering the form of original road network by lengthening or connecting two different dead-end roads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

The honey bee has a crucial ecological status for maintaining the natural ecology system. Pollination mediations by honey bees are recognized as an efficient way to enhance the quality of biological diversity and green areas in the nature and the urban ecological system. However, the population of bee around the world is decreasing and we do not know exactly how bees react to the physical environment in the urban area. This study is a basic research for the improvement of pollination services in the Korean urban ecological system. It aims to induce and review environmental variables which have high relations with the activities of pollination mediation insects in the urban area. The study established a Maxent model using five urban environmental variables that reflect the ecology of Bombus ignitus and the place information where Bombus ignitus appears in 18 spots of Seoul city, and compared with previous research results on Apis millifera. Bombus ignitus preferred places with more natural environments such as mountain forest areas and vicinities of streams. They preferred Stratified Tree Area the most among the vegetation types existing in the urban area. Comparing chicken models, both species saw their response value drop as the building coverage rose. In the case of Apis millifera and Bombus ignitus variables, the response value of both species was high in 10 out of 20 types. The result of this study is expected to provide basic information for improving the pollination services in the Korean urban area and to be utilized as the basic materials for the future urban planning.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-72
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• 1997

It is impossible to precat the behavior of ground soil and structure accurately during underground construction in urban area or excavation in soft ground area because of difference between the assumed design condition and the actual site condition. Therefore, it must be managed by measuring system and correct the difference by real data. Large scale under ground construction in urban area like a seoul subway project has needed for Intelligent Construction technique, a field of the Engineering Contractor. The automated measuring system is developed for the technique. It is described that the procedure and the method of measuring work with application of the automated measuring system.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1457-1459
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• 2003

This study reports the surface temperature pattern of the Tokyo Metropolitan area using the ASTER surface temperature product. The product is an image processed by applying temperature-emissivity separation to atmospheric corrected infrared thermal radiance of the land surface, then converted to surface temperature by using Planck's function. Daytime and nighttime observation in a cold season and a warm season were used in this study. As a result, 1) contrast between urban and suburban, 2) extraction of heating area in urban, 3) measurement of cooling effect of green space were achieved.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.143-154
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to propose a new development method for urban residential area, considering the urban site and development conditions rather than just meeting the development limit and regulations. Gwangju Metropolitan city is investigated as a case city and the new method verifies a decision process of pertinent development types and housing forms in urban blocks. The consequences of this study are summarized as follows. The process of a new development method consists of four steps; First, current conditions of the residential area of Gwangju are analysed in order to find out the site characteristics and housing development situations. And the theoretical research is made to set up the development goals and objectives, regarding current trends and future paradigms of residential development. Next, the suitable development sites are selected, and their site characteristics and relevant development types for the future are compared and matched with a close analysis. Finally some pertinent housing forms for each development site are suggested, which fit well in terms of urban context and are appropriate for building up sustainable city in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1807-1820
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• 2014

The spatial and temporal changes of the annual mean urban heat island(UHI) intensity were investigated using near surface temperature data measured at 16 automatic weather systems(AWS) in Busan metropolitan area(BMA) during the 11-yr period, from 2000 to 2010. For nighttime, the annual mean UHI intensity at Dongnae(U1) in 2000 was weaker than it in 2010. However the change of the annual mean UHI intensity at Daeyeon(U2) during 11 years was different from it at U1. The annual frequency of the UHI intensity over $5^{\circ}C$ considerably increased at U2 and decreased at U1 during 11 years. The center of the UHI also spatially shifted southward with Daeyeon and Haeundae in BMA. It would be caused by the increase of urban area, population-density and transportation near U2 and by the decrease of them near U1. We found that the spatial and temporal differences of the UHI intensity have coincided with changes of land-use, population density and transportation in BMA.