• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2013

In this paper, a new system requirement management tool and its application on the Urban Transit Maglev Project were introduced. In most R&D projects on complexity system such as transportation system, Systems Engineering(SE) activities are included on each project, and SE teams are using commercial computer-based tools to perform the SE activities. Even though SE tools help to manage huge data and documents on engineering efficiently, but well-designed functions of SE tools which support SE activities are not sufficiently used on the whole process of system engineering. In order to computer-based SE tools are to be effectively used on project management, most engineers who takes engineering and coordination roles, at least sub-project managers should be familiar to the tool and could be easily use it, but usability of commercial SE tools are very difficult for normal engineers with no experience on SE activities and SE tools. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a new system requirement management tool considering each user's scenario on using engineering tools. The developed tool could not cover whole SE processes, but designed to perform requirement engineering such as system requirements(SRs) management, specification management, traceability management, SRs' verification activity management and so on. All the entities on SR database are inter-connected by pre-recognized traceabilities, so even non-specialists on SE can easily browse the database and find entities concern, and linked information such as interacted entities, legal or engineering constraints, coordination documents, status of development and verification and so on. Also functions for SR verification tools, TPM(Technical Performance Measure) tools, DB searching tools with traceability, and report generation tools are included on the system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

This paper has attempted to propose a more progressive direction for U-environmental sculptures in a ubiquitous urban space in terms of usability, service, function and formative characteristics that enhance user satisfaction with these sculptures. For this, Media Pole, a U-environmental sculpture on Gangnam U-Street, has been examined. The results of this study are as follows: First, a study of user satisfaction was planned after establishing levels of satisfaction in terms of service, function and formative characteristics. In terms of satisfaction by the section of Media Pole, the public transportation map was the most influential in service while street culture and beauty of shape were critical in function and formative characteristics, respectively. In the relationship between satisfaction by section and overall satisfaction, furthermore, functional satisfaction had the biggest influence. Therefore, the development of human-centered functional factors which have pleasant and touching stories to facilitate communication with citizens are important in order to develop various Media Pole contents to enhance user satisfaction with the U-environmental sculpture and allow it evolve into a Gangnam landmark Since we are in the initial stage of a U-city, there are many problems that need to be addressed such as a lack of natural beauty, poor material quality of environmental sculptures, absence of storytelling, poor technology, lack of content, poor profitability and lack of means of social communication. In the end, the development of a comfortable, people-friendly space and U-environmental sculptures are needed in consideration of economic, social and cultural aspects instead of focusing on advanced technology only.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2002

The estimation of the volume of a pit excavation is often required in many surveying, soil mechanics, highway applications and transportation engineering situations. The calculation of earthwork plays a major role in plan or design of many civil engineering projects such as seashore reclamation, and thus it has become very important to improve the accuracy of earthwork calculation. In this paper the spot height method, proposed formulas(A, B, C), and chen and Line method are compared with the volumes of the pits in these examples. And we proposed an algorithm of finding a terrain surface with the free boundary conditions and both direction spline method drawback, i.e., the modeling curves form peak points at the joints. To avoid this drawback, the cubic spline polynomial was chosen as the methematical model of the new method. From the characteristics of the cubic spline polynomial, the modeling curve of the new method was smooth and matched the ground profile well. As a result of this study, algorithm of proposed three methods to estimate pit excavation volume provided a better accuracy than spot height, chamber, chen and Lin method. And the mathematical model mentioned makes is thought to give a maximum acccuracy in estimating the volume of a pit excavation.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.155-175
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• 2014

This study targets to recognize needs of spatial pattern analysis and to draw the relationship between relocation of Capital Region firms and population outflow in Capital Region through the regression analysis. The population outflow in Capital Region has moved to and around Yesan-gun and Asan-si. Also, such outflow is found to compose mostly one or two household members for their jobs. In addition to this study has analyzed to find effect factors through the Geographically Weighted Regression. The results of the analysis has confirmed that the most decisive factors affecting population flow from Capital Region to Chungcheongnam-do were population factors and transportation factors and others. Thus, the below policy implications could be derived and also may be applied toward Sejong City which are currently experiencing the relocating of Public sectors and new constructions. Firstly, the effect of Capital Region firms movement on population inflows could be better observed in small-scale towns like "kun" than larger-scale towns like "si.". On the other hand, people in Capital Region moved to larger-scale towns like "si" unlike the Capital Region firms. This difference implicates that people select their residence according to not only their jobs but also residential environment. Secondly, moving people from Capital Region to another region for their jobs are expected to appear more in a form of family units rather than individual units. Sejong city, where public organizations are being relocated, should recognize this particular Chungcheonnam-do phenomenon and be prepared to be more effectively used in perspectives of land use as well as urban planning.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2013

Cryptomeria japonica pollen is the most common pollen, which are scattering during each spring season in Japan. Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is one of seasonal allergic rhinitis that mainly occurs in Japan. In addition, long range transportation of Yellow Sand from the East Asian continent was also found during the pollen scattering seasons in Japan. Therefore, the interaction or impact between pollen and Yellow Sand should be concerned. In this study, our objective was to investigate the airborne behaviour of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic (Cry j 1) particles as the airborne tracer of Cryptomeria japonica pollen during the Yellow Sand events. Airborne Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic particles were collected at roadside of urban residential zones of Saitama city during the pollination periods from February to March in two year investigation of 2009 and 2010. The overlap of Yellow Sand events and dispersal peak of pollen grains was observed. According to the Meteorological data, we found that the peaks of airborne pollen grains appeared under higher wind speed and temperature than the previous day. It was thought that Yellow Sand events and airborne pollen counts were related to wind speed. From the investigation of the airborne behavior of the size-segregated allergen particles by determining Cry j 1 with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), the higher concentrations of the allergenic Cry j 1 were detected in particle size equal to or less than $1.1{\mu}m$($PM_{1.1}$) than other particle sizes during Yellow Sand events, especially in the rainy day. We conclude that rainwater trapping Yellow Sand is one of the important factors that affect the release of allergenic pollen species of Cry j 1. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationships between Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species and chemical contents of the Yellow Sand particles in further studies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

Nowadays most nations around the world including Korea have experienced absolute shortages of available urban space. To solve various problems of the city, each nation constantly tends to extend the underground space. However there is a serious problem in making use of the underground space. Especially new terrorism coming into existence after 9.11 terror turns into the so-called ‘soft target’ which has something to do with public transportation facilities available to most people. Good examples are like these: poisonous gas attacks in Tokyo subway in 1995, Daegu subway station fire in 2003, serial bomb blast of London subway in 2005. In spite of being a concern on incidents related to the underground space it is inevitable to utilize the underground space and the tendency is growing. But Korea lags badly behind in foreign countries in this field and so seeking measures is urgently needed. Therefore the aim of this study is to note visible damages stemmed from the domestic and foreign underground space and propose more effective and adequate measures. Safety measures of terrorism are associated to minimize damage out of terrorism and they are as follows. In the first place, preparing protective equipment for saving a life from fire attacks and poisonous gas is needed urgently. In the second place, counterpart management on the spot and systematic security training should be established in order to minimize injury. In the third place, fire escapes must be provided for a rapid evacuation of potential unspecified individuals. In the fourth place, building up a network of related institutions is required for a systematic omnidirectional counterpart. Finally the Korean government ought to take fast and appropriate actions for the injured and bereaved family of the terror incident.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.161-170
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• 1998

기존에 건설된 교통시설의 운영효율을 극대화하기 위한 지능형 교통체계의 한 분야인 ATIS는 도로를 이용하는 통행자에게 편리성을 제공하는 동시에 도로를 효율적으로 운영할 수 있는 정보체계이다. ATIS 체계하에서 통행자에게 신뢰성 있는 정보를 제공하기 위해서는 교차로서의 회전에 의한 지체를 정확하게 반영함은 물론이고 실시간으로 변화하는 교통상황을 반영할 수 있는 동적인 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘이 요구된다. 하지만 기존에 발표된 동적인 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 회전에 대한 정보를 반영하지 못하며 정적인 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 회전에 대한 정보를 반영하지 못하며 정적인 탐색알고리즘 조차 회전에 대한 정보를 정확히 반영하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 이유에서 알고리즘 내부에서 회전을 반영하기 위해 수정형 덩굴망 알고리즘의 표지기법을 이용하여 동적인 최단경로 탐색알고리즘을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 동적 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 정적인 상태의 수정형 덩굴망 알고리즘에 시간에 따라 변화하는 교통상황을 반영하기 위해 시간에 대한 변수를 추가하였다. 이렇게 해서 알고리즘은 시간대별로 변화하는 통행시간을 고려하여 최단 경로를 탐색하게 되며 출발시점을 기준으로 표지를 설정하여 모든 앞선 시간에 대해 경로를 고려하도록 하였다. 매 단계에서 전 노드를 추적하여 회전에 관한 정보를 반영하도록 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 최단경로 탐색 알고리즘은 교차로에서의 회전에 대한 정보와 통행금지 등을 정확히 반영하며 실시간으로 변화하는 통행시간을 반영함으로써 신뢰성 있는 노선 정보를 ATIS를 이용하는 통행자들에게 제공하는데 활용될 수 있는 기법이다.적으로 세부적 차종분류로 접근한다.의 영향들을 고려함으로써 가로망 설계 과정에서 가로망의 상반된 역할인 이동성과 접근성의 비교가 가능한 보다 현실적인 가로망 설계 모형을 구축하고자 한다. 지금까지 소개된 가로망 설계모형들은 용량변화에 대한 설계변수의 형태에 따라 이산적 가로망 설계 모형과 연속적 가로망 설계모형으로 나뉘어지게 된다. 본 논문의 경우, 계산속도의 향상 측면에서는 연속적 가로망 설계 모형을 도입할 수 있지만, 이때 요구되는 도로용량이 이산적인 변수(차선 수)로 결정되어야만 신호제어 변수를 결정할 수 있기 때문에, 이산적 가로망 설계 모형이 사용된다. 하지만, 이산적 설계모형의 경우 조합최적화 문제이므로 정확한 최적해를 구하기 위해서는 상당한 시간이 소요되며, 경우에 따라서는 국부 최적해에 빠지게 된다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해, 우선 이상적 모형의 근사화, 혹은 조합최적화문제를 위해 개발된 Simulated Annealing기법의 적용, 연속적 모형의 변수를 이산화하는 방법 등 다양한 모형들을 고려해 본 뒤, 적절한 모형을 적용할 것이다. 가로망 설계 모형에서 신호제어를 고려하기 위해서는 주어진 가로망에 대한 통행 배정과정에서 고려되는 통행시간을 링크통행시간과 교차로 지체시간을 동시에 고려해야 하는데, 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서 최근 활발히 논의되고 있는 교차로에서의 신호제어에 대응하는 통행배정 모형을 도입하여 고려하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 지금까지 연구되어온 Global Solution Approach와 Iterative Approach를 비교, 검토한 뒤 모형에 보다 알맞은 방법을 선택한다. 차량의 교차로 통행을 고려하는 perf

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.845-853
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• 2017

The main reason for urban traffic problems is the increasing in the use of private cars. In order to solve this problem, strong traffic demand management policies such as the collection of congestion tolls and the crackdown on freight vehicles are emerging. Now, however, it is necessary to seek ways for users to make changes in traffic behavior through direct communication between public agencies and passenger car users. As a technique to make this possible, mobility management, which aims to use rational passenger cars by inducing behavior change through individual consciousness change, has recently been proved to be effective in overseas. Therefore, this study concluded that the introduction of MM, which emphasizes individual voluntary behavior change, is necessary at present. In order to investigate the ways of inducing voluntary changes in traffic behavior of passenger car users, a questionnaire survey was conducted on traffic experts and the priorities of voluntary traffic behavior change measures were calculated using AHP. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that "to actively appeal to change the traffic behavior by using the mass media" was the top priority. The next priority were in order of company education for the change of traffic behavior, education for the school, and small-scale workshops.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2013

GIS-based web map service is all the more accessible to the public. Among others, location query services are most frequently utilized, which are currently restricted to only one keyword search. Although there increases the demand for the service for querying multiple keywords corresponding to sequential activities(banking, having lunch, watching movie, and other activities) in various locations POI, such service is yet to be provided. The objective of the paper is to develop the k-IPS algorithm for quickly and accurately querying multiple POIs that internet users input and locating the search outcomes on a web map. The algorithm is developed by utilizing hierarchical tree structure of $R^*$-tree indexing technique to produce overlapped geometric regions. By using recursive $R^*$-tree index based spatial join process, the performance of the current spatial join operation was improved. The performance of the algorithm is tested by applying 2, 3, and 4 multiple POIs for spatial query selected from 159 keyword set. About 90% of the test outcomes are produced within 0.1 second. The algorithm proposed in this paper is expected to be utilized for providing a variety of location-based query services, of which demand increases to conveniently support for citizens' daily activities.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.423-429
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• 2014

Due to high imperviousness rates of the roads, various pollutants originated from vehicle activities and air depositions are accumulated on the road surfaces. The washed-off pollutants can deteriorate the water quality and destroy the aqua-ecosystems with their toxicity. Usually the roads are paved with asphalt and concrete, which can affect on the pollutant concentrations with different frictional forces. Therefore, this research is performed to evaluate the influences of different pavement type on discharged concentrations of pollutant. The results shows the first flush phenomenon was occurred on both pavement types. However, peak concentrations are higher in concrete pavement areas than asphalt pavement because concrete pavement has high contact area with vehicles. The EMCs(Event Mean Concentration) also shows high values in concrete paved roads. As a result of this research, it can be concluded the pavement type is also one of the important affecting factors on pollutant emissions from the roads.