• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

The rapid urbanization caused drastic temperature changes in Korea. Excessive urbanization and development result in unpredictable and abnormal climate change all over the world. These changes are reflected in Korean government policy and research about cities, such that various research endeavors have been undergone recently. There are lots of ways to improve the urban environment; the easiest way to solve the urban heat effect problem is to make green spaces within the city. Even though we can't enlarge green spaces over the city limitlessly, it is desperately need for a methodology to efficiently create green space in limited area. Based on awareness of issues as mentioned earlier, we would like to propose landscaping method that can increase thermal comfort in the same area. For this study, simulating the change of temperature, mean radiant temperature, PMV were done due to number of species planted in apartment complex. To increase the reliability of the simulation, first above all, field measurement for temperature change was performed in apartment complex, where residential building are arranged in the form of ㄷ. And based on this data, Envi-met simulation was performed varying 1-7 kinds of species divided by grass, shrubs, arbor (deciduous, conifers) planted in apartment complex. As a result, there was a change less than $1^{\circ}C$ with the increasing number of species in daytime, but the average radiation temperature about $6-7^{\circ}C$ was reduced. In addition, PMV index was improved by more than 0.5 point. Thermal comfort indicator improved significantly depending on the number of species during the day, on the other hand, there were no significant changes at night. As a consequence, this study has shown that not single-species planting but mixed planting varied the number of species would improve the thermal comfort in the same area of landscaping space at daytime.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.110-114
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• 2016

Newly constructed multi-residential buildings with more than 500 households should be flushed out indoor contaminants using a mechanical ventilation system or large fans after the completion of construction and prior to occupancy by the Heath-friendly Housing Construction Standards since 2014. In addition, the standard recommends to maintain indoor temperature over $16^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity below 60% while performing the flush-out. However, it is difficult to maintain these recommended indoor conditions, especially during winter season because additional energy cost is needed for space heating. Therefore, in this study, additional energy cost including heating and ventilation energy cost in multi-residential household for flush-out during winter season was estimated using building energy simulation program called EnergyPlus. Additional energy cost according to various conditions for performing flush-out (such as performance period, ventilation rate, and heating set-point temperature) was analyzed. Based on the results of the energy simulation, the energy cost was estimated to be ranged from 14,625 to 29,452\/household in Incheon city and from 3,521 to 26,268\/household in Gwangju City. There was no significant change in energy cost according to the performing terms of flush-out between Incheon and Gwangju City.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

In terms of environmental justice, urban parks play a pivotal role in imperative amenities allowing for physical activity. The reasonable distribution of urban park services must be considered in terms of community demand and the context of the park. The purpose of this study is to analyze the inequity of qualitative park service according to the socioeconomic status(SES) in Daegu. The qualitative service was assessed for 82 neighborhood and walking-distance parks by utilizing the NGST(Neighborhood Green Space Tool). The inequity was analyzed by SES variables(ratio of basic living recipients, ratio of single-parent families, average housing sales, dilapidated dwelling ratio, and park area per capita). The features of the qualitative equity in Daegu is as follows. First, urban park planning in Daegu is in parallel with the development of residential areas rather than the local policy. The development pattern of parks stretching from center of the city to outskirts clearly dissociates the city based on socioeconomic status. The parks in the center are relatively old and poorly managed. Second, overall neighborhood parks lacked recreational facilities. The facilities are significantly influenced by the housing values around them. The lower the recreation facility score, the higher the floor gradient of the urban parks constraining physical activities. Third, the quantitative supply of parks has nothing to do with the quality of the urban parks. Green space distribution is highly dependent on natural park areas, so the park area per capita cannot be a standard for assessing qualitative equity.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2022

There is growing significance in securing urban parks and enhancing their accessibility due to irrational residential developments and apartment construction. Accordingly, Daejeon Metropolitan City has carried out urban park management projects to improve the quality of parks and create new parks. Daejeon Metropolitan City generates and manages park data for the purpose of management by the administrative district. However, these datasets take different forms in each administrative district. This study integrates the park data in Daejeon, generated by administrative districts, into the same format and generates geographic information data with the area information of each park for analysis. Analysis results show that urban parks are severely imbalanced across administrative districts, requiring new policy measures. In addition, by normalizing the park analysis results and, then, creating their rankings, this study compares them with the actual park information in detail to confirm the soundness of the dataset. The analysis results provide implications to improve the management of urban parks. This study proposes integrated datasets and the continued management of them in each administrative district by including essential data that can feature the objective information of the parks along with park evaluation indicators based on previous studies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.105-138
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• 2018

This paper reports novel empirical results of a choice experiment that elicited the economic values that residents in the Seoul metropolitan area place on the amenity services realized from the landscape views and accessibilities to urban green spaces (i.e., mountains, rivers and urban parks). The 1,000 respondents in the sample were divided into two residential of housing types (apartments vs. houses) and occupancy types (owners vs. tenants). Residents living in apartments are willing to pay an average of 28% (5.0 million KRW per year) above the current housing prices per household for a mountain view, compared to an apartment view from their living room. Their willingness to pay values are about 22% (4.0 million KRW per year) and 10% (1.8 million KRW per year) respectively for a river view and a urban park view. Economic benefits of having access (i.e., a 10 minutes working distance) to mountains, rivers and urban parks are estimated to be an average of 16% (2.9 million KRW per year), 20% (3.6 million KRW per year) and 18% (3.2 million KRW per year), respectively, above the current housing prices per household. On the other hand, access benefits for those residing in houses are 18% (4.7 million KRW per year), 16% (4.1 million KRW per year) and 22% (5.6 million KRW per year) per household, respectively. They are also willing to pay an average of 35% (8.9 million KRW per year) above the current housing prices for keeping or having a garden or vegetation bed. Furthermore, a strong "greenspace premium" is centered around the three Gangnam districts for house-dwellers, whereas it is areas of "new real estate boom" for apartment dwellers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.428-437
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• 2017

Recently, local government has established a development strategy which takes into account the quality of each area, in order to solve the problems posed by poor development, hindrance of the urban landscape, the limits imposed by relevant laws, etc. However, the number of floors is an important factor which determines the urban landscape, planning density and quality of the external space. This planning factor has a very different effect according to the terrestrial circumstances, number of households, underparking ratio, green space ratio and floor area ratio. Therefore, in this study, a case analysis and case study are conducted and the correlation between each index is clarified. The conclusions of this study are follows. Firstly, flexibility should be ensured by taking into consideration the density indicators, average number of floors, and residential environmental performance measures in related laws and systems. Secondly, it is necessary to develop a wide-area planning method that extends the planning concept from the beginning of planning to neighboring blocks or cities. Thirdly, deregulation measures should be implemented, such as establishing specialized strategies for each region, and regulatory measures for encouraging different types of development.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 2011

This research aims to develop various infill-systems for practically applying to long-life housing with 100-year durability and flexibility as a strategy for realizing sustainable residential environment. Especially, the developed infill-systems & technologies were concentrated to the mock-up house applied with the standard model of long-life housing, and their in-situ applicability by a phase, experts' consultation, and questionnaire survey were also evaluated. This research was executed to divide by 3 phases. In the First phase infill-systems for a housing unit of $84m^2$ exclusive use area as well as a support of whole structure and infill-systems including dry wall, and windows were constructed, and their in-situ applicability were evaluated. In the Second phase vertical integration of upper and lower housing units of $50m^2$ and $40m^2$ exclusive use area was investigated the first in domestic for 3 housing units of $50m^2$ exclusive use area. In addition, various infill-systems including the horizontal expansion of $50m^2$ and $10m^2$ exclusive use areas were also constructed and evaluated on their in-situ applicability. In the third phase diverse performance tests and field investigation for in-situ verifying of dry Ondol, developed this research, were executed to improve their practicability. Inner dry walls were taken apart, moved and re-constructed for verifying their practicability to investigate 3R-Reduce, Reuse and Recycle-realization too.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.516-524
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cases related to the multi-dimensional urban planning and its related systems that can contribute to the urban regeneration as the policies and projects for stereoscopic city increase. Through the case analysis, urban regeneration function and role of multi-dimensional urban planning are identified as connection of places, activation of local economy, expansion of infrastructure and supply of housing. In the institutional sector, private participation is hindered due to the ban on the establishment of the right to hold state property. In addition, it is difficult to utilize the three-dimensional urban space without land securing at a certain rate based on uniform installation standards of the two-dimensional land use plan, and the problem of insufficient interconnection between law and institution is derived. In conclusion, it should actively support and promote the promotion of the three-dimensional facility with the aim of diversifying the regional infrastructure structure and strengthening the urban function. In addition, development of stereoscopic and compound development should be promoted for old urban areas, and parking lots, underground shopping malls, parking lots, etc. should be installed using the subspaces of parks, schools, roads and traditional markets of old residential areas. Finally, cooperation between the central government, the municipalities and the private sector is necessary for the realization of these urban regeneration projects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2007

This study aims to develop rural house maintenance technique by researching and analyzing the demand for rural house by urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire. The target for the survey consisted of urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire at the ages between 40 and 65, and were divided into group A, the attendants in rural-related education, and group B, the non-attendants in rural-related education. The contents of the survey included the plan and purpose for rural settlement, the utilization form or residential form of rural house and its expected size, necessary in-house facilities, necessary community facilities, improvement and maintenance factors of rural house, political and legal support for the application of rural house maintenance, etc. The results findings of this study are as follows; 1)For both group, the major purpose of rural settlement appeared to be 'for rural life', utilization form of rural house to be 'acquired ownership or use of empty house', residential form to be 'cohabitation', expected size to be 'under $20{\sim}30$ pung', and expenditure to be 'under $50{\sim}100\;million$'. 2)Most wanted necessary in-house facilities included backyard, multipurpose storage room for group A, and backyard, garden for group B. Necessary community facilities included boardwalk, sewage disposal unit for group A, and boardwalk, shop for group B. 3)Improvement factor for rural house showed 'poor insulation' as first factor for both groups, and for maintenance factor, 'backyard', 'under-floor heating' for group A, and 'environmental-friendly materials', 'backyard' for group B. 4)Most wanted overall political and legal support included 'support on land and real estate supply' for group A, and 'medical and transportation service' for group B. For both group, most wanted support when purchasing a house included 'provision of information on house and realestate purchase', and for legal support, 'legal support for guaranteed house and maintenance' as first factor. The results of this study could be utilized to restructure the rural residence, which would meet the diverse demand of both rural residents and urbanites by providing an opportunity for urbanites to enjoy rural life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

The goal of this study is to identify the new Architectural type of house and Landscape design pattern of the collective housing area in American garden city, Midlothian near Richmond of Virginia. I had been surveyed old houses of the Virginia and new single family houses and landscape design style of Mariners village to find a different style of houses and lots. The Richmond, capital city of Virginia, is surrounded by five suburban areas and counties. One of them is the Chesterfield where it has main street of Midlothian garden city. The city of Midlothian has a function of residence area both to stay in the forest garden and to go to downtown office of Richmond. There are a lot of collective housing area out of the capital city. I surveyed house form, lots, and site design pattern of the Mariners village in Midlothian. The community of Mariners shows a particular characteristics and harmonious pattern of suburban residence area in a view point of new project. There are three results of this study as follows: First, the types of house in suburban garden city, Midlothian, are focused on vernacular Colonial style with country house, traditional house, and front gable house form which are an unique new American single home. Second, the landscape design of this collective housing area, the Mariners village, has a unity view of residence community, harmony between house and lots, and a sensitive cul-de-sac pattern and loops type with rational land using based on the forest topology. Third, the Mariners village shows that the design concept of landscape architecture has to consider of traditionalism, naturalism, and living condition of residents.