• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2021

Background: Humidifier disinfectant is a biocidal product used in the water tanks of humidifiers to prevent the growth of microorganisms. Although there are a huge number of cases of reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects across the entire Korean population, their numbers are distributed differently depending on the region. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the regional distribution of enrollment cases who reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects. Methods: This study used data on 6,240 subjects who experienced humidifier disinfectant-related health effects and who enrolled their cases which is conducted by the Korea Ministry of Environment. We examined the regional distribution of the enrolled cases based on sixteen administrative divisions and assessed the: 1) crude number; 2) proportional rate; and 3) age-standardized proportional rate of enrollment by region. Results: When we examined the crude number of enrollments by region, the highest number were in Gyeonggi-do Province (n=1,896), followed in order by Seoul (n=1,405), Incheon (n=436) Busan, Daegu, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Jeollabuk-do Province, Gwangju, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, Gangwon-do Province, Jeollanam-do Province, Ulsan, and Jeju-do. When we examined proportional rate of the regional enrollment (cases per 100,000 population), Daejeon (n=16.2) was the region with the highest rate, followed in order by Gyeonggi-do Province (n=16.1), Incheon-do Province (n=15.9), Seoul, Daegu, Gwangju, Jeollabuk-do Province, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Busan, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, Gangwon-do Province, Gyeongsanbuk-do Province, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Ulsan, Jeju-do, and Jeollanam-do Province, which is inconsistent with the order in terms of crude numbers. However, when we examined the age-standardized proportional rate of regional enrollment (cases per 100,000 population), their ranked distribution is consistent with the crude rate. Conclusions: This study observed that the regional distribution of the enrolled cases who reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects is inconsistent with the regional distribution of the proportional rate of enrollment cases, which may be caused in part by the volume of the inherent population of each region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2021

This paper attempted to examine the value of private house garden as a historical garden among local cultural heritages remaining in Chungcheong-do Province. To this end, the following conclusions were drawn through the framework of value analysis in which the contents of Ji Cheng's Yuanye of China, Tachibana Toshitsuna's Sakuteiki in Japan, and HISTORIC GARDENS THE FLORENCE CHARTER 1981 were applied to target sites. First, local cultural heritage belong to unregistered cultural heritage, and a total of 616 local cultural heritages in Chungcheong-do Province were identified, and Cheongju City possesses the largest number of local cultural heritages. Most of the local cultural heritages are distributed in ancient capital or adjacent to it, and five of the local heritages are related to historical garden. Second, the target sites were old houses constructed during the Joseon Dynasty with a long history, and although there were few changes in spatial division, the scale of some gardens and outer yard spaces was reduced due to urban planning, etc. Third, the target site is Sangjihapui(相地合宜) and Inchacheui(因借體宜) in location and space division, so the space is divided according to the surrounding terrain and the landscape is naturally drawn to construct a garden. Fourth, the garden of the target site has a structural value of a garden that is Jeongihapui(精而合宜) and Gyoideukche(巧而得體) as it is subtle and naturally constructed with the garden by grasping the surrounding terrain. Fifth, for the continuous preservation of historical garden, it is necessary to strengthen the already enacted local cultural heritage ordinance, and to establish a documentary project for each spatial component and a plan for climate change.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.26-35
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• 2022

The 7th education reform in 1997 has led changes in the way buildings were constructed and such changes drove educational facilities to steadily consume more energy every year. Also, these facilities take several years' estimated expenditure as well as the increased unit price of electricity into account when planning their annual operating budget. Such circumstances may adversely affect the establishment of their budget plan since improper allocation of operating costs could take place. To propose educational facilities' operating budget management plan on electrical energy consumption, this study developed a model that help oversee the facilities' consumption of electrical energy. For the model development, the primary core variables related to electrical energy factors from the aspects of surroundings, physics, policy, etc. were derived from taking both literature research and the characteristics of these facilities into account. The secondary core variables were then derived using the correlation analysis. Lastly, the electric energy use prediction model was developed by performing regression analysis based on the derived secondary core variables.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1183-1193
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• 2021

Low flow affects various fields such as river water supply management and planning, and irrigation water. A sufficient period of flow data is required to calculate the Flow Duration Curve. However, in order to calculate the Flow Duration Curve, it is essential to secure flow data for more than 30 years. However, in the case of rivers below the national river unit, there is no long-term flow data or there are observed data missing for a certain period in the middle, so there is a limit to calculating the Flow Duration Curve for each river. In the past, statistical-based methods such as Multiple Regression Analysis and ARIMA models were used to predict sulfur in the unmeasured watershed, but recently, the demand for machine learning and deep learning models is increasing. Therefore, in this study, we present the DNN technique, which is a machine learning technique that fits the latest paradigm. The DNN technique is a method that compensates for the shortcomings of the ANN technique, such as difficult to find optimal parameter values in the learning process and slow learning time. Therefore, in this study, the Flow Duration Curve applicable to the unmeasured watershed is calculated using the DNN model. First, the factors affecting the Flow Duration Curve were collected and statistically significant variables were selected through multicollinearity analysis between the factors, and input data were built into the machine learning model. The effectiveness of machine learning techniques was reviewed through statistical verification.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_1
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• pp.597-608
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• 2022

Remotely sensed data have been used in various fields, such as disasters, agriculture, urban planning, and the military. Recently, the demand for the multitemporal dataset with the high-spatial-resolution has increased. This manuscript proposed an automatic image matching algorithm using a deep learning technique to utilize a multitemporal remotely sensed dataset. The proposed deep learning model was based on High Resolution Net (HRNet), widely used in image segmentation. In this manuscript, denseblock was added to calculate the correlation map between images effectively and to increase learning efficiency. The training of the proposed model was performed using the multitemporal orthophotos of the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII). In order to evaluate the performance of image matching using a deep learning model, a comparative evaluation was performed. As a result of the experiment, the average horizontal error of the proposed algorithm based on 80% of the image matching rate was 3 pixels. At the same time, that of the Zero Normalized Cross-Correlation (ZNCC) was 25 pixels. In particular, it was confirmed that the proposed method is effective even in mountainous and farmland areas where the image changes according to vegetation growth. Therefore, it is expected that the proposed deep learning algorithm can perform relative image registration and image matching of a multitemporal remote sensed dataset.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

This study is to develop the direction of the development of the next-generation mapping of marine information required to develop a base of the utilization localization of maritime production tools. The GIS data-processing products and technologies currently used in the Korea's marine sector depend on external applications which is renewal costs, technical updates, and unreflected characteristics. Meanwhile, the S-100 standard, the next generation hydrographic data model that complements S-57's problems in marine GIS data processing, was adopted as a new marine data standard. This study aims to present the current status and problems of marine GIS technology in Korea and to suggest the development direction of GIS software based on the next generation hydrogrphic data model S-100 standard of IHO(International Hydrographic Organization). S-100-based marine GIS localization technology development and industrial ecosystem development research is expected to scientific decision-making on policy issues that occur with other countries such as marine territory management and development and use of marine resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.555-562
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• 2021

Recently, in the field of geospatial information construction, unmanned aerial vehicles have been increasingly used because they enable rapid data acquisition and utilization. In this study, photogrammetry was performed using fixed-wing, rotary-wing, and VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) unmanned aerial vehicles, and geospatial information was constructed using two types of unmanned aerial vehicle LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) sensors. In addition, the accuracy was evaluated to present the utility of spatial information constructed through unmanned aerial photogrammetry and LiDAR. As a result of the accuracy evaluation, the orthographic image constructed through unmanned aerial photogrammetry showed accuracy within 2 cm. Considering that the GSD (Ground Sample Distance) of the constructed orthographic image is about 2 cm, the accuracy of the unmanned aerial photogrammetry results is judged to be within the GSD. The spatial information constructed through the unmanned aerial vehicle LiDAR showed accuracy within 6 cm in the height direction, and data on the ground was obtained in the vegetation area. DEM (Digital Elevation Model) using LiDAR data will be able to be used in various ways, such as construction work, urban planning, disaster prevention, and topographic analysis.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.919-929
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• 2022

As a new type of healthy public space, greenway users carry out leisure activities, exercise, sightseeing and necessary transportation in greenway. However, at present, there is little research on greenway users' evaluation and perception of greenway, and there is no comprehensive exploration of Greenway environment from a humanistic perspective. Combined with the research and actual situation of the existing representative greenways in Chinese cities, this paper refers to a large number of documents, applies the semantic difference method and multiple regression analysis method, analyzes the current situation of the Dongfengqu greenway, explores the influencing factors and impact evaluation of the greenway environment from the perspective of greenway users' perception, and puts forward suggestions on the optimization of the greenway environment in Zhengzhou from multiple levels. The main conclusion of this paper comes from the data conclusion obtained by semantic difference method, which is feasible in the resident evaluation of greenway use. The feedback results of post use evaluation can provide a reliable reference for the planning and design of similar greenways in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.85-96
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• 2023

This study developed and evaluated a safe route guidance service for electric personal assistive mobility device used mainly by the mobility impaired people to improve their mobility. Thirteen underlying factors affecting the mobility of electric personal assistive mobility device have been derived through a survey with the mobility impaired people and employees in related organizations in Busan Metropolitan City. After assigning safety scores to individual factors and identifying the relevant factors along routes of interest with an object detection AI model, the safe route for electric personal assistive mobility device was provided through an optimal path-finding algorithm. As a result of comparing the general route of T-map and the recommended route of this study for the identical routes, the latter had relatively fewer obstacles and the gentler slope than the former, implicating that the recommended route is safer than the general one. As future works, it is necessary to enhance the function of a route guidance service based on the real-time location of users and to conduct spot investigations to evaluate and verify its social acceptability.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2023

This study attempted to simulate changes in the thermal environment according to the type of apartment complex in Korea using CFD techniques and evaluate the thermal environment by type of apartment. First, apartment complex types in the 2000s and 2010s were referred from previous studies and four types of apartment complex were extracted from. Second, the layout of the apartment complex and temperature changes were analyzed by the direction of wind inflow. Third, a standardized model was created from each type using tower type, plate type, and mixed driving. Last, CFD simulations were performed by setting up the inflow of wind from a total of eight directions. The temperature was relatively low in the type consisting of only the tower type and the type of placing the tower type in the center of the complex, regardless of the direction of the wind. It was due to the good inflow of wind from these types to the inside of the complex. It can be interpreted because wind flows easily into the complex in these types. The findings showed that wind flow and resulting temperature distribution patterns differed depending on the building type and complex layout type, confirming the need for careful consideration of the complex layout in the early design stage. The results are expected to be used as basic data for creating a sustainable residential environment in the early design stage of apartment complexes in the future.