• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.272-275
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• 2009

Carbon finance is the investment in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction projects in developing countries and countries with economies in transition within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or Joint Implementation (JI) and with creation of financial instruments, i.e., carbon credits, which are tradable in carbon market. The additional revenue generated from carbon credits will increase the bankability of projects by reducing the risks of commercial lending or grant finance. Meantime, it has also demonstrated numerous opportunities for collaborating across sectors, and has served as a catalyst in bringing climate issues to bear in projects relating to rural electrification, renewable energy, energy efficiency, urban infrastructure, waste management, pollution abatement, forestry, and water resource management. Establishing additionality is essential for successful CDM project development. One of the key steps is the investment analysis. As guided by UNFCCC, financial indicators such as IRR, NPV, DSCR etc are most commonly used in both Option II & Option III. However, economic indicator such as Economic Internal Rate of Return(EIRR) are often overlooked in Option III even it might be more suitable for the project. This could be due to the difficulties in economic analysis. Although Asian Development Bank(ADB) has given guidelines in evaluating EIRR, there are still large amount of works have to be carried out in estimating the economic, financial, social and environmental benefits in the host country. This paper will present a case study of a CDM development of a 18 MW hydro power plant with carbon finance option in central Vietnam. The estimation of respective factors in EIRR, such as Willingness to Pay(WTP), shadow price etc, will be addressed with the adjustment to Vietnam local provincial factors. The significance of carbon finance to Vietnam renewable energy development will also be addressed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.513-522
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• 2011

This study has done to extract the characteristics of contemporary urban design idea for waterfront industrial-logistics city through the comparative analysis on the 5 prize winning pieces which had submitted for "The Competition of Urban Concept for the Busan River City" by leading urban architectural designers who have futuristic and international vision. Following the analysis on design guideline with the 5 categorical subject (concept, land use, transportation, residencial area, open space), the characteristics and differences of each design are summarized. The result can be utilized for the waterfront planning and design including new town project.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2014

The expected launching countries are selected based on the state and strategy of businesses undertaking by LH, then the legal systems for urban development of those countries are investigated and analyzed to be used as basic data for advancing to oversea urban development. The results are showing as follows. First, on the basis of the advancing priority, and the level and obtaining possibility of legal system for urban developments, Bangladesh, Thailand, Dominican Republic, and Venezuela are selected to be investigated among the countries of Central and South America and Asia to where expected to be advanced. Second, most of the selected countries establish and promote the national housing policies by their own National Housing Authority. For example, First-Home Policy and National Housing Development Strategy, etc. are established in Thailand, and National Housing Authority takes charge of the housing development for low-income bracket. Third, the laws and project procedures are investigated, then compared to the similar laws of Korea. The common "Land Allocation Act" is legislate in Bangladesh and Thailand, for example, "Land Allocation Act" and "Town and City Planning Act" are enacted in Thailand. On the other hand, the laws for urban and housing developments vary from country to country those are located in Central and South America. Meanwhile, it is verified that "Act on Planning and Use of National Territory" of Korea is similar to the "Town and City Planning Act" of Thailand.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2012

Recently multifaceted advantages of urban agriculture are emerging in civil society and related policy arena such as food safety, environment, and social welfare. This study tried an estimation of residents' willingness-to-pay for urban farming to examine feasibility of using part of urban green infrastructure as urban farm (e.g. allotment garden). A survey targeting Bundang and Dontan new-town residents was carried out and willingness-to-pay for urban farm rental was estimated by contingent valuation method (CVM). The estimated rent was cross-checked with the rental cost and travel cost paid by hobby farm users in the outskirt of metropolitan area. The result of this study showed that the potential demand for urban farming is ample if urban farms or allotment gardens are planned within new development areas. That is, 72.6 percent of new-town residents questioned had intention of using allotment garden within urban parks and green spaces. Estimated willingness-to-pay for renting a plot, $16.5m^2$ of urban farm, was about 236,000 won(KRW), which is higher than rent for a plot of allotment garden which is located out of city. Variables which were statistically significant to estimated willingness-to-pay for urban farming were sex, age, and occupation of respondents, among other explanatory socio-demographic variables, while expected frequency and duration of visit to urban farm were insignificant.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2018

Tendency in ratio of biotope area of environmental impact assessment (EIA) according to population, location, project type, and total project area was analyzed by type of the projects. According to EIA, biotope area ratio is the ratio of the weighted biotope areas and total project area. biotope area is important to resident's health and quality of their life. Ministry of Environment recommends to meet the biotope area ratio standard presented by each project type. The analysis is based on 4 types of project, urban development, industrial comlpex deveopment, tourism development, and waste and sewerage treatment facility, and 55 data extracted from them. It is needed that new standard that the population is reflected, adjustment that region and frequency are considered, and regulation strengthening according to achievement of 'the minimum achievable goals' to improve biotope area policy. The research includes more data and improvements of specific system are needed as a further research.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.139-150
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• 2018

This paper aims to elaborate the role and availability of the community enterprise as a form of methodology in local regeneration, dealing with urban social problems generated in the process of urban development. In a situation of the increasing skepticism in the capitalism, the instability in public welfare system and disintegration of community, social economy has come to the fore as an alternative. The community enterprise, especially, has shown the potential to form a virtuous cycle in local regeneration system; residents recognize local problems by themselves; discover and utilize the local resources and assets in the process of solving the problems as an entrepreneurial form; and consequently create social and economic capital which can be reinvested in the local community. Given these aspects, Korean government has implemented supporting policies for the promotion of community enterprises, and new government's "Urban Regeneration New Deal Project" are putting more importance on the role of social and community enterprises as a propulsion unit. In this regard, this paper first explores the concept and features of community enterprise in economic and social aspects, whereby it analyzes the capacity of community enterprises as principal agencies or implements in local development. Then, the development status and institutional supports for community enterprises in the UK is revealed, and investigates case studies which are playing a revolutionary role in urban regeneration or local economic revitalization. Based on this analysis, it draws the main factors for the sustainable and autogenous community enterprise as follows: flexibility in legal forms, community owned assets, diverse fund streams and invigorating social investment market, active partnership between public and private sectors, ardent enterprisers and intermediate support organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2024

Changwon City is one of the major industrial cities in Korea. In the past, it grew rapidly with an economic structure centered on manufacturing, but due to changes in the global economic environment and domestic industrial structure, Changwon City's economic growth engine has weakened and a new growth engine must be sought. are facing Accordingly, this study analyzed the goals and strategies of the urban development base project for activation of Local Cities, focusing on the case of Changwon Digital Innovation Town. Specifically, we sought ways to overcome the spatial limitations and saturation of the Masan Free Trade Zone and to activation the local economy by attracting and fostering new, cutting-edge industries. To this end, strategic approaches such as building digital infrastructure, fostering future new technologies, social integration and community formation, and eco-friendly development were proposed, and a plan was presented for Changwon City to leap forward as a new 21st century free trade zone.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.338-349
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• 2020

The importance of citizen participation, especially in urban planning, is increasing. Citizen participation is the sharing of control or influence on decisions and choices that affect stakeholders, and providing citizens with the opportunity to participate in the decision-making process. The paradigm of urban planning has also shifted from the rational planning model, which relied solely on the rationality of planners, to expand citizen participation. In fact, citizen participation in the process of establishing a vision for comprehensive plan is expanding, especially in metropolitan governments such as Seoul, Busan, and Daegu. However, there are criticisms that citizen cannot practically participate in urban planning due to limited participation methods and lack of participation in the pre-planning process. Accordingly, the necessity of institutionalization of citizen participation in the urban planning has been raised. According to literature reviews, foreign countries have integrated environmental impact assessment (EIA) into the urban planning to institutionalize citizen participation and pursue sustainability of the plan. In particular, the EIA actively includes citizen participation from the scoping stage to identify the issues. However, it was pointed out that there is a limitation to guaranteeing sustainability of the plan since EIA is carried out only at the urban project level. In other words, in order to expand citizen participation and ensure sustainability through the integrated approach, analysis of EIA in urban planning level is needed. Therefore, this study carried out a case study of EIA in the official development assistance of the Kenya multi-purpose dam construction to analyze the impact assessment in a wider scope than the urban project-level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2013

This paper claims that the One Million-peyong Park(hereafter abbreviated as OMP) project is different from a typical citizen participatory park project by recognizing the exceptional leadership of the Civic Committee for the One Million-pyeong Park Construction(CCOMPC) in promoting and developing the OMP project. Since 2001 the CCOMPC has published a variety of written promotional materials to inform and educate the public about the project. In terms of approaching the promotional materials, this research focuses on the use of language on how the CCOMPC justifies the OMP project, namely the OMP justification discourse, and considers the discourse as a unique form of social document that represents the perspective of the CCOMPC in explaining the local environmental issues and values of urban parks to the public. Using a discourse analysis method, this research analyzes the justification discourses and investigates how they changed over the three main development phases of the OMP: the initiation and preliminary development phase(1999-2001.2), the development phase (2001.2-2008), and the time period after the greenbelt policy release on Dunchi Island(2008-present). In each discourse, the OMP project is rationalized as a citizen participation park project that (1) aims to enhance the quality of public green space in Busan, (2) is accompanied by various community engagement programs that emphasize the value of urban nature and environmental education to expand citizen participation, and (3) has contributed to the National Urban Park Bill. This research emphasizes the role of the discourses in helping the public gain a critical understanding about the local environment and values of urban parks. By analyzing the contents of the discourses, it explains the social learning values of the OMP expressed in the discourses.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2015

Gwanghwamun was dismantled and displaced to the east side of the palace, at that time, the Chosun Government General Building was constructed in the Gyeongbokgung palace. After the Korea war, it remained as a stonework as a result of the fire. In 1968, The Gwanghwamun came back in front of the palace. Then, why it was rebuilt in the 3rd Republic period? What was the reason for selecting concrete? Since the May 16 coup, the military regime had been utilized palace and surrounding urban space to show a visible practice of modernization. Attempting the combination of modern technology in the 1960s and traditional cultural property and reconstructing a city as a pretext called Cultural Heritage conservation was a typical mechanism of the 1960s. In this study, I start by assume that reconstructing Gwanghwamun(1968) was a part of project to change the surrounding urban space of Gwanghwamun than to preserve cultural assets. Two main contributions of the study are following. First, I collect availabe data on the reconstructing surrounding urban space of the Gwanghwamun and re-organize them in chronological order to make them as fragments of a map. Second, I analysis and identify the nature and phase of the Gwanghwamun reconstruction.