• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.352-362
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• 2019

The old residences and shops in the backside blocks are affected by the traffic noises from the main road. The noise of the backside roads is affected by the following factors such as the height of the roadside buildings, the distance between the road and the backside streets, distance among adjacent roadside buildings, and the difference of the adjacent building heights. The both noise levels on the road and the backside street were measured simultaneously in 15 urban blocks of a city which can be categorized into two types of roadside building plans ; 1) one single building along the street, 2) buildings arranged on one axis beside the road. As the results, there is no significant noise reduction due to the width of the buildings in general. However, in the cases of buildings arranged on one axis beside the road, it was found that the average noise reduction was 12 dB(A) on the basis of the building height of 4 m. Also, it was analysed that for each 4 m increase in the building height, noise reduction occurred by 2 dB(A) beyond building height of 4 m. In general, it was proved that the noise of the back streets is mainly affected by the lowest height of the roadside buildings. It was found that noise is increased by 1 dB(A) for each 4 m increase of the height difference between adjacent buildings. Also, It was revealed that for each 0.5 m increase in the distance between roadside building, noise reduction decreased by 1 dB(A).

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.667-674
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• 2022

In this study, the correlation between the damage type and operating conditions of the sleepers was analyzed based on the design data and visual inspection results for the concrete sleepers of the sleeper floating track (STEDEF) that have been in operation for more than 20 years. It appeared in the form of cracks, breakages, and breaks in the concrete at the center and tie bar contact and buried areas. As a result of the numerical analysis, it was analyzed that the change in the left and right spring stiffness of the sleeper resilience pad increases the maximum stress, tensile stress, compressive stress, and displacement of the concrete sleeper, and stress concentration in the concrete at the tie bar contact area. It was proved analytically that the sleeper resilience pad can affect the damage of the concrete sleeper. Therefore, damage of concrete sleepers in the sleeper floating track in urban transit could be caused by changes in spring stiffness of sleeper resilience pads. It was reviewed that preventive maintenance such as improvement and timely replacement of sleeper resilience pads was necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This paper proposes a matching algorithm to find corresponding polygon feature sets between heterogeneous digital maps. The algorithm finds corresponding sets in terms of optimizing their shape similarities based on the assumption that the feature sets describing the same entities in the real world are represented in similar shapes. Then, by using a binary code, it is represented that a polygon feature is chosen for constituting a corresponding set or not. These codes are combined into a binary string as a candidate solution of the matching problem. Starting from initial candidate solutions, a genetic algorithm iteratively optimizes the candidate solutions until it meets a termination condition. Finally, it presents the solution with the highest similarity. The proposed method is applied for the topographical and cadastral maps of an urban region in Suwon, Korea to find corresponding polygon feature sets for block areas, and the results show its feasibility. The results were assessed with manual detection results, and showed overall accuracy of 0.946.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.360-371
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• 2016

Paul Rudolph's early work in Florida after World War II is a significant example of the regional transformation of typical Modern Architecture through the spatial composition based on the diversity and use of local material and construction methods. Paul Rudolph's concept of a Florida House design is the expression of regional material, construction, and structural system through the spatial extension & connection based on periodical, regional characteristics. The characteristics of the Florida works is the spatial extension & connection design based on the wood structural framework through the various design factors, such as a screen roof, open roof, and internal patio as the spatial extension and link method. Paul Rudolf designed the house using local materials, such as cypress wood and lime block produced near the Florida Area and provided details & technology considering the Florida climate and construction environment. Through studies of Paul Rudolph's Florida works, the Florida Houses can be a prototype of localization, and can be presented as the spatial & technical transformation of design by the historical, cultural, regional background.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1370-1376
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• 2012

This study tried to analyze $CO_2$ emission volume as green-house gases by application of land use patterns and transport policies in District Unit Design. It is postulated a Toy network and various scenarios which are combined land use patterns and transport policies for analyzing $CO_2$ gas reduction. As results, this study shows best District Unit Design technique is the policy that develop mid block and introduction of car free zone to inner 2 way streets. Worst design technique is the policy that make hierarchical network and introduction of access control to outer roads that have been known as a best road policy till nowadays. Therefore, we need more carefully introduce design technique for reduction of $CO_2$ in District Unit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.631-642
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• 2010

This study is experimentally investigated for the characteristics of compression and tensile of lightweight air-trapped soils with uniform quality. Previously, EPS blocks are often used as lightweight embankment, but many problems such as the level difference and cracks caused by plastic(creep) deformation occurred in the EPS blocks. So, a new material development is urgent. By means of alternatives, lightweight air-mixed soil using in-situ soils has been developed and applied to fields. In comparison with EPS block, lightweight air-mixed soil have less creep deformation in long-time, but the strength characteristics of them are different depending on soils where they are obtained. Therefore, the quality management of them is very difficult. In this study, therefore, characteristics of lightweight air-trapped soil samples are investigated. To do this, the lightweight air-trapped soils are prepared using a manufactured sand with uniform quality. To found out the compression and tensile characteristics of lightweight air-tapped soils, unconfined compression test and splitting tensile test are conducted on the specimens prepared with different unit weight, cement-sand ratio and air-pore.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.110-115
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• 2010

Recently the deeply underground tunnels have been increased along the subway railroads of urban area compared to the past subway railroads. The Shin-Gum-Ho subway station (the Fifth lines, the depth : 46m) which is the third among the deep subway stations in the Korea was chosen as the model of deeply underground stations, and attempted to do simulation of fire. This station consists of three entrance, the basement first floor (B1), the basement second floor (B2), the basement eighth floor or platform (B8) and escalators and stairs from B2 to B8. The total number of grid was about 9,000,000 to make simulation of fire and smoke from the platform to entrance in this research, and the grid system was divided into 19 blocks to increase the efficiency of this simulation. The FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulation) was chosen to make the simulation of fire, and the model of turbulent flow was LES (Large Eddy Simulation). Each block is processed in a CPU using parallel processing of MPI (Message Passing Interface). The resource of CPU for this simulation is a ten of Intel 3.0 GHz Dual CPU (20 CPU).

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.A
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

Efficiency and universality which was the spirit of the modern age, had also an enfluence on our living environment. Various types of individual housing unit were developed and mass-produced. However, the exterior space in our city is a place for our social life and intermediate place to connect the private life of each individual to our society. For the people to adapt themselves well to their environment, it should be well organized which means it is clearly divided and integrated in a hierarchical order. To realize these conditions, adequate boundaries to divide each territory and entrances to connect each territory are two essential elements. One of the possible methods to realize these conditions can be found in korean traditional architecture where the exterior space has the same figural quality like buildings and is the center of the whole composition. Buildings, walls and colonnades are the elements to define space. Gates, pavilions, gabs between buildings and posts are the elements to symbolize the entrance connecting each space. Each exterior space is integrated to a whole composition. One is the gradual differentiation along the axis which is unique in korean traditional architecture. The other is the rectangular connection which is also found in the other area in the world. The results of this thesis are as follows. The exterior space in the housing area should have the figural quality. The elements to make boundaries defining exterior space are classified into horizontal elements such as low buildings and walls, and vertical elements such as tower-shape buildings which define space in a different way. The position of openings in a housing block affects the characteristic and openness of a exterior space. Various types of gates are used to decide the relationship between spaces.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.2 s.89
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

The road traffic noise has been increasing broader effects on urban areas as well as rural areas because of rapidly increasing traffic volume and newly-constructed roads. 10 sites in building development areas were selected and the noise levels were measured by the apartment floors and by the various block plans of apartment complex. The results showed that the highest traffic noise level was obtained at the 5 and 7 floors on the apartment floors. On the basis of 7 floor with the highest level, the correction coefficient obtained from noise reduction by each floor and measurement point was -5.54 dB(A)(1st floors), -0.96 dB(A)(3rd floors), -0.38 dB(A)(5th floors), 0.00 dB(A)(7th floors), -1.98 dB(A)(l0th floors), -3.10 dB(A)(13th floors), -3.45 dB(A)(15th floors). The level of road traffic noise in the arrangement construction of right angle was about 3.0 dB(A) at N-4 point and 2.1 dB(A) at N-6 point lower than that of a plan figure, respectively. The results suggested that application of correction coefficient obtained by the apartment floor and by the arrangement construction can be improved in road traffic noise.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

A planned access method on constantly-changing-community unit plan changes and develops based on the periodical situation and also plan theory. In this research, it is to present the link between the theory of complex city change and the plan factor of it, and to show how Korean residential complex plan has changed as time passed and how new concept of city plan came up and by applying new methods how can this affect our real world and the past plan. In the phase of analysis, it analyzed the flow of 'community unit plan' and its theory and investigated the factor of compositional space and built a analysis frame. The factors of community unit plan are space structure, size and shape of block, population, distribution of facilities and movement system. It chose the place that can represent the flow of community unit plan trand and that indicates the obvious development leading to Jamsil (1975), Gwa Chun (1980), Mok Dong (1983), Sang Ge (1985), Ilsan (1989), Dong tan (2001) and Eun Jung (2003) total of 7 places. And to compare a similar size of the city, it selected a small community unit. Based on the result of theoretical study and prior research, it can be said that the space composition style has change from a whole complete complex area to a linked-cross over community unit and the access of urban level was on set. Also, a pedestrian walking area was secured and the dense of building structure and pleasant environment wanting need was in balance. For facility plans, the usage of facility and functional change brought change of type, size and disposition. The walking area for pedestrian became a huge matter. Therefore, market, education, public facilities and green system collaborated to co-build a whole community unit and activated the walking environment. Also, public transportation, environment friendly city organization was built.