• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of lots-subdivision within the block of Gaeksa at Dongnae-bu under the rule of Japanese Imperialism. Gaeksa of the old government office was the sanctuary that symbolized the sovereignty. Therefore it was naturally a main object of demolition and then the site was converted to other purpose. And Gaeksa was not only converted into the elementary school and the public market but the historic site also processed to break down for opening the road through Japanese Occupation of Korea. The main reasons of lots-subdivision were the transfer from state property to private ownership and the urban development project. Needless to say, the particular major reason was derived from the intention of Japanese Imperialism to destroy the traditional urban. As a result, Gaeksa can not be recognized the traces of today and contributes to the demolition of the remaining ancient building. Finally the deformed urban structure was left over from destroyed building.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3 s.52
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2003

The Navy has tested the holding capacity of many kinds of anchors in order to propose the design chart for the holding capacity of drag-embedment anchors. The design chart is only applicable up to the cable bottom angle 60 when load is raised to the ultimate weight. However, the anchor experiences a significant uplift force when the angle is above 60 in shallow seas. In this paper, the procedure for the estimation of the holding capacity of anchors in mud is proposed. Drag-embedment anchors do not function well when there is a significant uplift component of load in soft seafloor materials, such as mud. Under these loading and seafloor conditions, gravity anchors seems to be more efficient. However, they are too heavy for their holding capacity. Therefore, suction pile (hollow concrete block) is more beneficial to the foundntion of silt protector in shallow sea with mud seafloor materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.125-126
• /
• 2023

Recently, heat island and dry island phenomena occur frequently due to land surface development and excessive energy consumption in urban areas. As a result, the surface temperature of the building and the entire temperature of its surroundings are increased, and as a result, the durability of the building is rapidly deteriorated. In order to suppress these causes, a method of maintaining the temperature of road heating wires was implemented as a temporary measure, but this did not predict climate change. Therefore, this study is a method to measure the compressive strength, density, and thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete using waste glass foam beads. After fabricating a simple chamber, the temperature and humidity of the inside and outside were measured with an Arduino device in consideration of external factors. Therefore, if waste glass foam beads made through proper mixing are constructed in the urban center, the quality of the urban can be improved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2023.11a
• /
• pp.51-52
• /
• 2023

Recently, heat island and dry island phenomena occur frequently due to land surface development and excessive energy consumption in urban areas. As a result, the surface temperature of the building and the entire temperature of its surroundings are increased, and as a result, the durability of the building is rapidly deteriorated. In order to suppress these causes, a method of maintaining the temperature of road heating wires was implemented as a temporary measure, but this did not predict climate change. Therefore, this study is a method to measure the compressive strength, density, and thermal conductivity of light weight concrete using waste glass foam beads. After fabricating a simple chamber, the temperature and humidity of the inside and outside were measured with an Arduino device in consideration of external factors. Therefore, if waste glass foam beads made through proper mixing are constructed in the urban center, the quality of the urban can be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 1999

This paper tried to find out the various symbolic meanings and functions of landscape elements which Capital City of Shilla Dynasty contains, and what is the symbolism and identity of the city. Basically, this research took the thought of the place and the theory of cognition on landscape as a research tool, and undertook the process of surveying the physical surroundings of the city such as mountains, forests, tumuluses, mountain fortress walls, etc. Especially, the study referenced to a myth, thought, and a tale related to them of the surroundings. The research scope in time had been reached to the year of BC 57 which is beginning year of Shilla Dynasty form AC 467 which is year of introduction of new urban block system delivered from Dang Dynasty of ancient China. The results of research showed symbolic meanings of mountains and forests which is surrounding the Shilla capital from 4 directions of east, west, south and north. Namely, it was the places that the king of the kingdom of Shilla decent into the earth from the heaven. Also, the tumuluses which are located on the center of the capital imitated the surrounding mountains in forms, meaned the place that the dead king rised to heaven. All of these symbolized the Capital City of Dynasty as a sacred city which linked the heaven to earth, and earth to heaven. Finally, this paper suggested the Kyongju which is one of the most representative historic and tourist city in Korea should reflect this kind of symbolic meaning of ancient Capital City of Shilla Dynasty in case of arranging the urban identity plan to promote the quality of urban environment of Kyongju.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.210-221
• /
• 2017

First, we can define how our body perceives the external world and embodies its senses through the philosopher Merleau - Ponty. These philosophical orientations of Merleau-Ponty also appear to urban theorists such as Jane Jacobs, Gordon Cullen, and Juhani Pallasmaa. In other words, after the Second World War, people began to pay attention to human emotions and perceptions while opposing human rational thinking. Especially, they reject the abstract space of modernism and explore the everyday city space where the local character of the area lives. This place is a space where the collective memory of the group is shared over several generations. So, in this space, people's active perceptual system works actively. In the sense of this continuity of time, their ideas intersect with the concept of urban. Specifically, Jacobs criticizes massive development and proposes the development of a small block-based city with a commonality of old and new. In addition, we argue that urban space can be a visually interesting object through the continuous visual concept of urban theorist Cullen. In particular, he rediscovers the value of traditional urban space through visual experience between architecture and urban facilities. Finally, the architectural city theorist, Pallasmaa., criticizes the visual centrality of modern cities and thinks about the value of multidisciplinary space that can be experienced in architecture. This study examines the space of reproduction in detail on the perspective of the body philosophy and urban theorists. In other words, the play space inherits the natural city time, so when our body experiences this play space, we can actively sense and perceive the various senses. So we can invoke the active external actions of our bodies. Through the analysis of the size of the reconstruction space of the architectural city, various types of body senses and responses can be. Yoon Dongju Literary Museum, which renovated the old water tank of the city, can recognize the unfamiliar sense of body in everyday life through the traces and smells of water in the past and the restrained visuality. In addition, Seonyudo Park, which regenerates the waste water purification plant, can experience a phenomenal phenomenon through water space, old concrete and traces of steel. Finally, with the most recently played Seoul Road 7017 can experience interesting urban spaces in terms of a variety of plants, a human scale space creating movement, and a continuous visual.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.166-177
• /
• 2010

This study is to identify potential factors to impact on appearance of wildbirds which live in the core forest around urban area in Gangdong-gu, Seoul. As a result of analysis of, studies on biotope showed most of urbanization biotope was biotope of residential areas with high green coverage and biotope of residential and business areas with low green coverage while most of biotope of green and openspace was core green biotope. The research area was divided into several blocks based on biotope types in the urbanization areas excluding green and openspace. As a result of research on wildbirds, total 51 species 3,419 individuals appeared in spring and total 35 species 4,213 individuals appeared in winter. 24 wild bird species were selected as subjects of this study among 31 species seen in urbanization areas, since urban birds, rapacious birds, waterside birds were excluded from the study for the proper consideration. Then this study looked at how many species and individuals of the subjects were observed at each research block in urbanization areas during spring and winter separately. Landuse structure and green structure in each block were examined to see whether these structures affect the number of wild birds observed in urbanization areas of Gangdong-gu. Furthermore, the distance between these blocks and green was assessed. While studying the potential links between the landuse structure and the number of wild birds observed in urbanization areas of Gangdong-gu, block area, green coverage, and building-to-land ratio were believed to affect the number of types and species of wild birds in the research area. In terms of correlation analysis of whether green structure affected the number of wild birds observed in urbanization areas of Gangdong-gu, crown volume of layers, the average green patch area, the average height of canopy layer were found to have an impact not only on the number of types but also species of wild birds in the research area.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study was to improve the performance of hybrid energy harvesting block merge the vibrations and the pressure developed in the previous study. The power generation performance of the energy block improved in this manner was measured and compared with the energy performance of the products previously developed. In previous models, the center has placed a piezoelectric, the two sides had arranged a vibration applying electromagnetic inducing type. Improved model was disposed three in a row of three unit modules for one block. We change the design in the following way. That is, a unit module has been placed the upper piezoelectric body, the lower portion were arranged three electron donation. In laboratory conditions, the power generation performance evaluation results of the improved energy block is as follows. Once when the vibration, power generation was determined to 1.066W. When compared with previous studies, and power generation performance is improved up to 235%. When the vibration in a row 5, power generation was determined to 1.830W. When compared with previous studies, the performance is improved to 177%. The purpose of developing a hybrid energy block is intended to produce electricity by the pressure and vibration when a vehicle passes through the energy block installed in the car park the mouth portion. Electricity produced will try to take advantage of for the purpose of operating a guiding beacon and LED signage in the parking lot entrance. Therefore, it is determined that there is a need in the experiment to compare the performance of the power generation in the field.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.1011-1015
• /
• 2009

The vegetated porous pavement can be installed as an alternative way to replace the traditional pavement, which contributes less to the water circulation system in the urban area. This study aims to an investigation based on the shadow and pressure of the vehicle system, where the turfgrass get grown and the green block get constructed on the grassy parking lot. This study might achieve these conclusions, in the case of use 'green block' makes grass parking lot, plant a kind of 'zenith' and takes sod thickness 40 mm are more efficient for turfgrass growth in the early times. In the case of parking over 8 hours in a day, after 5 weeks turfgrass growth would come into reduce. So over 4 hours parking and after 9 weeks, we need consider to setting up green block in grassy parking lot. The grassy ground would get pressured by the vehicles' load and it would bring into some damage due to the load after 3 weeks. So we should put the grass's growth root point under the designed a top of 'green block' level. When the vehicle amounts and parking density is in a low level, it could be an environmentally friendly product.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2016

This study aims to figure out the behavior of runoff and drainage of pervious sidewalk block in actual construction environment by experiments. The specimens with surface layer and bedding layer are subjected to the drainage test by considering unsaturated condition and unique rainfall condition in urban areas. The repeated drainage test and clogging test were conducted with time intervals, and 3D X-ray CT image analysis and evaporation test were carried out for a quantitative analysis of drainage test. The results present that the spatial distribution of pores by evaporation for time intervals induces runoff. Especially, the bedding layer under the block is significantly critical in overall hydraulic behavior such as drainage and evaporation compared to the surface layer. Moreover, the sediments in pores promote the change in pores by evaporation and this induces deteriorated drainage capacity which is hard to recover. In addition, it is revealed that the maximum runoff height grows as the drainage capacity declines depending on the pre-wetting condition.