• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.191-193
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the trend of ovary cancer incidence from 1999 to 2010 in China and predict the burden up to 2020. Crude incidence, age specific incidence and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain estimated annual percentages and Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling was used to predict the incidence rate until the year 2020. In China, the crude rate of ovary cancer was 7.91/100,000 and the age-adjusted rate was 5.35/100,000 overall during period 1999-2010. The rates in urban regions were higher than in rural regions. A significant rising trend during 1999-2006 was followed by a drop during 2006-2010 in age-adjusted rates for urban females. In contrast, constant rise was observed in rural women. The decrease in ovary cancer of urban areas tended to be restricted to women aged 50 years and younger. In contrast, increases of ovary cancer in rural areas appeared in virtually all age groups. Although the age-adjusted incidence rate for ovary cancer was predicted to be reduced after year 2011, the crude rate was likely to be relative stable up to 2020. The burden of ovary cancer in China will continue to be relative stable due to the aging population.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2000

Due to a rapid in automobiles since the 1980’s, the concentration of NO, and HC has also increased along with cases of VOCs. These air pollutants have created $O_3$ concentration, which cause a harmful effect to the human health. This issue has become a subject of great public interest. For this paper, to compare the concentration of $O_3$, NO, N $O_2$ between the rural and urban area in the winter, the concentrations of each have been measuredevery hour during Jan.~Feb. 2000, 1998, respectively. To calculate the Photochemical Steady State, $\Phi$= $J_{N O_2}$[N $O_2$]/ $k_1$[NO][ $O_3$], temperature and $J_{ N O_2}$ has been determined. The NO concentration in the rural are showed at below 10 ppb while the NO concentration in the urban area showed maximum value of 90~120 ppb. But the $O_3$ concentration in both areas showed less than 30 ppb. The reason is that the N $O_2$ photodissiciation rate is low due to the temperature being below 2$^{\circ}C$ and less than 60 degrees in the solar zenith angle during the winter time, which makes the $O_3$ concentration in both areas, similar in the concentration level. N $O_2$ photodissociation rate in both ares showed maximum value of 3.0mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Values of $\Phi$ determined from the rural area was consistently the unity, approaching 1. But values of $\Phi$ determined from the urban was roughly higher than unity, approaching above 1or 2 for clear sky-high sun(10:00~16:00).

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2016

The objectives of this study are to analyze the characteristics of multi-cultural families in rural areas and to classify their types by applying multi-variate techniques and cluster analyses. Data for the study were obtained by a surveying 120 married migrant females in rural areas of Chungchengnam-do, South Korea. By utilizing the factor analysis to analyze the characteristics of multi-cultural families, 16 basic variables related to these female subjects were categorized into 6 factors: 'marriage length and age', 'language skill of migrant female', 'language skill of husband', 'family satisfaction', 'income and education', and 'general living satisfaction in Korea with remittance'. By appling the cluster analysis, multi-cultural families in rural areas were divided into the following 5 types: 'stable settlement', 'average but stagnant', 'below average yet positive', 'high- income with little communication', and 'young low-income'. In all types, it is strongly recommended to develop various programs regarding vocational education for the migrant females in order to increase their economic opportunities as well as social status.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in obesity prevalence and dietary habits in Korean adults residing in various residential areas during the last 10 years. Methods: Data on Korean adults aged 19 years and above was obtained from the 4th (2007-2009) and the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were classified into metropolitan (4th: n=5,977, 7th: n=6,651), urban (4th: n=4,511, 7th: n=5,512) and rural (4th: n=3,566, 7th: n=2,570) based on their residence. The general characteristics, nutrient intake, intake amount, food groups, and healthy dietary factors were analyzed. The association between residential areas and obesity prevalence were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: In urban and rural areas, the obesity rate increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey, excluding the metropolitan area. The carbohydrate intake decreased, and lipid intake increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey. Over the same period, the intake of cereals and vegetables decreased, and the intake of meat and processed foods increased. Rural residents had a higher intake of cereals and vegetables, and a lower intake of milk and processed foods than those in metropolitan areas and urban residents. The proportion of subjects who practiced a healthy diet increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey. In the 4th survey, there was no relationship seen between the prevalence of obesity and the subject's residential area, but in the 7th survey, the odds ratio of obesity was higher in rural areas than in the metropolitan areas, confirming the regional gap (OR: 1.16, 95% CI=1.00-1.36, P=0.044). Conclusions: This study showed that the obesity prevalence increased in rural residents compared to metropolitan residents, indicating a gap between the regions. The nutrient intake and intake of food groups changed in the 10 years under consideration, and there were differences seen between regions. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a policy that will reduce obesity prevalence and health inequalities between regions.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2003

이 연구는 농촌지역 정신보건의료서비스의 필요도와 공급수준을 파악하고 일차정신보건시설로서 보건소가 운영하는 정신보건사업을 평가하고자 하였다. 필요도는 유병률과 정신보건서비스 이용률로 한정하여 2001년도에 보건복지부가 주관하여 실시한 정신질환 실태 역학조사 결과를 이용하여 도농간 차이를 비교하였다. 공급수준은 입원 및 요양 병상수와 일차정신보건의료시설의 기초자치 단체별 설치율로 한정하여 전자는 2002년도에 보건복지부 산하 지역사회 기술지원단이 작성한 보고서 결과내용 중 일부를 발췌하였고 후자는 보건복지부의 2003년도 정신보건사업 안내서와 정신보건의료기관 총람의 내용을 토대로 재구성하였다. 농촌지역의 보건소 정신보건사업을 평가하기 위하여 2002년도에 각 기초자치단체가 중앙에 제출한 제3기 지역보건 의료계획서들 중 농촌형지역과 도농복합형지역으로 구분하여 각각 중앙 및 광역자치단체 정부의 지원 여부에 따라 지원한 경우 1-2개, 지원하지 않는 경우 광역자치단체별로 각각 2개소를 무작위 추출하여 정신보건사업내용부문을 사업대상 및 등록, 구조, 과정으로 나누어 정신보건사업안내서에 제시한 기준을 가지고 평가하였고 담당자들이 작성한 정신보건사업의 문제점들을 분석하였다. 이 연구는 2003년 4월 1일부터 5월 10일까지 이루어졌고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 니코틴 장애를 제외한 평생유병률과 일년유병률은 도시지역이 24.9%, 13.2%, 농촌지역이 28.2%, 17.7%이었으며 정신분열증, 주요우울증, 불안장애, 알코올 사용장애 등 주요 정신질환 역시 도시보다 농촌지역이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지난 일년간 정신보건의료서비스 이용률은 전체적으로 8.9%에 불과하였다. 둘째, 입원 및 요양 병상수는 2001년 현재 인구 천명당 0.97병상이며 요양시설을 포함할 경우 1.27병상으로 세계 보건기구가 권장하는 인구 천명당 1.0병상, 그리고 병상 감소정책을 추진하고 있는 유럽이 0.93병상임을 고려할 때 양적으로 부족하지는 않다. 그러나 광역자치단체간 편차가 큰 것으로 나타났는데 서울, 인천, 울산 등 대도시지역이 충북, 충남, 경남, 전남지역의 1/6내외수준이었다. 셋째, 일차정신보건의료시설의 기초자치단체 충원율을 살펴보면, 정신과 의원은 광역시 및 특별시형은 100%인 반면 농촌형지역 89곳 중 15곳(16.9%)만이 설치되어 있었으며 사회복귀시설은 전반적으로 낮았으며 농촌지역의 충원율이 7.9%로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 보건소 정신보건사업에 대한 중앙 및 광역자치단체의 지원율이 광역시 및 특별시형이 42%인 반면 농촌형지역은 22.5%인 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 농촌형지역과 도농복합형지역 모두에서 지원을 받지 않은곳이 자체예산을 추가로 확충하지 않아 사업인력 및 예산이 매우 취약하고 중앙정부가 제시하는 기본사업에 대한 충실도가 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 농촌지역이 도시지역에 못지 않게 정신보건의료서비스에 대한 필요도가 높으나 서비스 이용률은 매우 낮았으며 도시지역에 비해 농촌지역의 일차정신보건의료시설들이 매우 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일차정신보건의료시설로서 보건소가 도시지역 보다 농촌지역에서 더 중요한 역할을 수행해야 하나 중앙의 지원율은 오히려 농촌지역 보다 도시지역이 더 높았고 지원을 받지 않는 보건소의 정신보건사업프로그램은 매우 형식적으로 진행되고 있었다. 앞으로 중앙정부는 일반의료서비스에 있어서 농어촌의료서비스 개선정책을 추진하듯이 정신보건정책에 있어서도 이러한 고려가 필요하다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to maintain the existing characteristics of the city by utilizing the physical decline status and floating population in small and medium cities residential areas. In addition, it intends to present the direction of flexible urban regeneration and maintenance by reflecting regional characteristics and current status. A total of three data were used in this study. Building data, floating population data, and census output area data were used. Building data and floating population data were classified into five classes. The graded data were joined to the census output area data and analyzed by overlapping the two data. As a result of analysis of 17 residential areas in 5 small and medium cities in Jeollanam-do, 4 types, 2 management models, and 4 indicators could be presented by grade and regional characteristics. This study is meaningful in that it is possible to plan regionally customized urban regeneration/maintenance management plans and projects through the typology of the current status and characteristics of the region, which is an important step in the bottom-up form.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.365-382
• /
• 1991

This study was designed to measure the physical, mental-emotional and social health status of elderlies according to rural areas, medium - small cities, and large city environment. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17 1990. The subjects were a convenience sample after their place of residence was stratified into large, medium- small cities and rural areas. Those who attended elderly centers in Seodaemun, Mapo, and Kangnam districts in Seoul were considered to be residents of a large city and interviewed by trained research assistants and student nurses. Elderlies living in Chungju, Jinju, Chuncheon, and Jeonju cities were coded as residents of medium-small cities and were interviewed by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by the community health practioners working in community health clinics in North and South Kyongsang, North and South Jeolla, and Kyonggi provinces. The tool used in this study was the health assessment tool developed by Choi, Young Hee in 1990. This tool was organized into 20 physical health status, 17 mental - emotional health status, and 37 social health ststus items. Physical health status items consisted of six factors - personal hygiene activity ability, external activity utilizing traffic, mass media, and spare time ability, sexual ability, digestive system related ability, sexual ability, sensory ability, and elimination ability. Mental - emotional health status items consisted of two factors - mental health factor and emotional health factor. Social health status items consisted of seven factors -grandparental role ability, parental role ability, spoused role ability, friendship role ability, kinship role ability, group member role ability, and religious believer role ability. Data Analysis included frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and chi - square test. The results of the analysis are as follows : 1. The mean physical health status score for large city residents was 4.1132, for rural residents 4.0787, and for medium and small city residents 3.9565. There were significant differences according to residential area for personal hygiene activity ability, external activity ability, sexual ability, and digestive system related ability items 2. The mean mental -emotional health status score for rural residents was 3.8291, for medium and small city residents 3.7967, and for large city residents 3.7807. There was a significant difference according to residential area in the mental health ability item. 3. The mean social health status score for medium and small city residents was 3.0000, for rural residents 2.9362, and for large city residents 2.8960. There were significant differences according to residential area for kinship role ability and religious believer role ability items. The following conclusion was derived from the above results 1. The physical health status of elderlies residing in medium - small cities and in rural areas was lower than that of those residing in Seoul, a large urban area. Therefore, more medical facilities are needed in rural area so as to monitor their health, prevent disease, and promote their health. 2. The mental -emotional ststus and social health status of elderlies residing in the large city were lower than that of those residing in medium - small cities and rural areas. This may reflect weakening of the strong traditional family bond that may happen with urbanization. Continued support for elderly parents is essential and education should emphasize the traditional cultural norm and value of filial piety. 3. Facilities and programs for elderly are needed so that they may spend their time more valuably in their urban environment.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore social supports for elderly housing and their residential lives in small cities along rural counties of the United States and Canada, and suggest future implications for age-concentrated rural villages in Korea. In this study, five small and medium cities in non-metropolitan counties of California and Ontario province were visited and elderly residents and service experts were interviewed about their perceptions of community integrated social support networks for senior residences. The senior housing complexes were built due to influx of both metropolitan and rural residents seeking warm localities, traffic connections, business purposes in active production areas. and leisure attractions. There are five main social support networks for senior housing issues in these areas. First, the areas are claimed for senior zones and accordingly health industries are encouraged by local authorities. Second, the community is homogeneously constructed as a senior friendly environment and include features such as an RV park and mobile cottages. Third, senior-helping seniors are offered active work through golf-cluster active retirement communities. Fourth, traditional theme production camps are mobilized by the elderly workers. Lastly, an information system is maintained for screening volunteers and for senior abuse prevention. On the other hand, residential lives are occasionally negatively influenced by unbalanced concentrations of elderly facilities such as nursing stations and funeral homes. For the future of Korean rural elderly policies, suggestions are made as follows: first, an integrated urban and rural township that contains attractive places for early retiring people who seek a warm atmosphere in later life needs to be constructed. Second, an integrated model retirement village of urban and rural retirement life needs to be initiated as a measure of evaluating the adaptation process of movers in senior concentrated zones. Third, a cooperation system among governmental ministries needs to be formed with the long- term goal of establishing a traditional rural town of independent housing districts and medical facilities in rural areas. Fourth, productive and active lifestyles need to be maintained as the local community and government develop successful retirement rural villages, by limiting the expansion of nursing related facilities. Finally, generation integrated visiting welfare programs and services need to be further developed for the housing areas especially in the winter, when social integration and activity are relatively low.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.125-139
• /
• 1993

Korea has successfully achieved a lowered fertility level owing to the strong population control policy and effective family planning program. Along with fertility decline and decreased number of children in family, average number of household members has decreased and nontraditional households such as one person household and households composed of unrelated individuals have prolifirated, even though the absolute number of them are found minimal in Korea. However in recent years several data and survey results suggest that one person households are gradually in the increasing trend. The study aimed at investigating the real state of one person households in Korea and next analyzing the proportional distribution of one person households by a few socioeconomic characteristics, thus providing basic for eatablishing far-singhted population and social welfare policy in the future. Korea has experienced high growth rate of economy through government-led development plans starting from the 1960s. During the past three decades, Korea has shifted from the agricultural state to the industrialized one. In compliance with the economic growth, urbanization and industrialization have brought about rural-to-urban migration and a great bulk of young population migrated to urban areas, who are seeking for educational and job opportunities. Korean society has also been under drastic change in every aspect of life involving norms, tradition, and attitude, etc. Therefore, in spite of the prejudice on 'living alone' still remaining, young people gradually leave parents and home, and further form nontraditional households in urban areas. Current increase in the number of one person households is partly attributable to the increase in high female educational attainment and female participation in economic activities. As the industrial structure in Korea changes from primary into secondary and tertiary industries, job opportunities for service/sales and manufacturing are opened to young female labor force in the process of industrialization. Contrary to the formation of one person households by young people, the aged single households are composed when children in family leave one by one because of marriage, education, employment. In particular, a higher proportion of aged female single households occur in rural areas due to the mortality difference by sex. Based on the data released form the 1990 Population and Housing Census and National Fertility and Family Health Survey in 1985 and 1991, the study tried to examine the state of one person households in Korea. According to Census data, the number of one person households increased to 1, 021, 000 in 1990, comprising 9.0 percent of total households. And the survey reveal that among total 11, 540 households, 8.0 percent, 923 households, are composed of one person households. Generally, the proportion of female single households is greater than that of male ones, and a big proportion of one person households is concentrated in the 25-34 age bracket in urban areas and 65 years and more in rural areas. It is shown than one person householders in urban areas have higher educational attainment with 59.2 percent high schooling and over in 1991, Job seeking proved to be the main reason for leaving home and forming one person households. The number of young female single households with higher education and economic self-reliance are found nil and the study did not allow to analyze the causal realtionship between female education and employment and one person household formation. However more research and deep analysis on the causal facors on one person household formation using statistical method are believed to be necessary.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.103-115
• /
• 2012

There are many attempts to develop rural areas by the use of local resources. Local industrialization is a well-known means to found industrialization by the local people using specialized local resources. However, there are many difficulties local people face in the industrialization of these local resources. This is mainly due to local people's lack of experience and knowledge in the development of these resources and the foundation of industrialization in these rural areas require further assistant. This thesis intends to examine the local conditions in order to represent the possibilities and limitations of the industrialization in the use of local resources, Gokseong cotton. We will further suggest various methods & means of these applications and illustrate the efficient approach to development scheme.