• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.438-445
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• 2000

Positioning garlic cloves in upright standing in garlic field has been regarded as a very important job because it affects clove rooting, growing and, eventually, quality and yield in garlic production, Because of the geometrical uniqueness and irregularity of garlic cloves in shape, the planting operation has been conducted by manual work that needs a tremendous human labors and increases garlic production cost. The overall objective of this research was to develop garlic planting machine through investigating physical properties of garlic and designing clove upright positioning device after figuring out the factors affecting metering device and upright clove positioning mechanism. With the outcomes of the metering and posture positioning experiment, a garlic clove planter having twelve planting rows was developed for 37kW type tractor and feasibility test was carried out in the field. And, According to the performance test and cost analysis, the planter could accomplish planting operation of one hectare plot in 6.3 hours giving 48 times better efficiency, 6.3hrs/ha, and 74.2% of production cost reduction effect, 1,092,546won/ha, than the manual works of 299hrs/ha and 282,258won/ha. And, break-even point ofthe planter was calculated as of 2.71 hectares.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.547-556
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• 2002

Upright positioning of garlic cloves in mechanical planting has been considered as an essential process because pose of garlic affects not only initial budding and rooting of garlics but quality and yield. Due to the geometrical uniqueness and irregularity of garlic cloves in shape, manual planting operation has been conducted. The overall objective of this research was to determine design factors for designing a garlic clove planter The results are summarized as follows : 1. A vibrating-type clove-metering device was designed and tested. Effects of tilted angle of metering plate and magnitude of vibration on metering performance were investigated. The successful planting rates of the metering device were 96.7% for Hanji varieties. 2. Clove upright-positioning device, posture inducer was designed and tested. When the clearance between the hoppers was set at 4mm, the rates of upright positioning of the device were 92.2% for with Hanji varieties. 3. Optimum metering performance was observed at the plate tilted angle of 80。 with the posture type positioning device.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.495-502
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• 2001

Upright positioning of garlic cloves has been considered as an essential process for mechanical planting because positioning affects the quality and yield of garlic production. Due to the geometrical uniqueness and irregularity of garlic cloves in shape, the planting operation has been conducted by manual. Manual planting requires intensive labors and high production cost. The overall Boal of this research was to develop a garlic clove planter which maintains a garlic clone upright. Specific objective was investigating planting condition and physical properties of garlic clove. The results were summarized as fellows : Based on the survey results, a garlic clove planter should have a planting capacity of at least 140 cloves in a pyung (3.3m$^2$) with the row spacing of 140mm and hill spacing of 120mm for a productive cultivation.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2008

The beach-chair traction position is designed to allow the use of traction while allowing the surgeon to orient the shoulder in an upright position and convert to an open procedure, if necessary. The patient is placed in the beach-chair position under general anesthesia. A three-point shoulder holder (Arthrex, Naples, Florida) is attached to the rail of the operating table on the same side as the surgeon, whereas it is placed on the side opposite the surgeon in the lateral decubitus position. A shoulder traction and rotation sleeve (Arthrex) are affixed to the arm following the manufacturer's instructions. Positioning the thumb toward the closed side of the sleeve ensures a field for the anterior portion of the rotator cuff and prevents the tendency of the suspension apparatus to place the arm in internal rotation. The arm is maintained in 30 to 40 degree abduction and 30 to 40 degree flexion by controlling the length and height of the bar and the location of the universal clamp. The universal clamp allows multiple planes of adjustment to control abduction and forward movement of the arm. The sleeve is attached to the longitudinal traction cable using a sterile hook, and a lateral strap is secured around the proximal portion of the sleeve to the overhead traction cable to ensure a field for glenohumeral reconstruction. The use of a lateral strap permits ideal shoulder positioning for improved access to the anterior and inferior glenohumeral joint. The lateral strap can be released or removed to widen the subacromial space during subacromial decompression or rotator cuff repair. A 10-lb weight is attached to the longitudinal traction cable for an average-sized person.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.44-58
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate various hand functions in the most common position (chair sitting, standing, floor sitting) used by cerebral palsied children with spastic diplegia. The results, analysed statistically, could be useful in suggesting treatment strategy for the improvement of hand function in such patient. For this study, 27 children mild or moderate spastic diplegia were chosen. They were patients of the Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center. Both dominant and nondominant hands were tested by the Box and Block Test. Bilateral hand function was tested by bead striding and card sorting activities. Collected data was analysed using univariate correlation analysis and MANOVA. Results were as follows: 1) In chair sitting there was a significant positive correlation between dominant hand scores in the Bloc and Box Test and chronological age, gestation period, and time of treatment initiation. In bilateral hand function, card sorting scores correlated positively with time of treatment initiation. 2) In standing, there was a significantly positive correlation between dominant hand scores in the Block and Box Test and time of treatment initiation. 3) In floor sitting, there was a significantly positive correlation between the dominance hand scores in the Block and Box Test and the tine of treatment initiation. Bead stringing, a bilateral hand activity, correlated positively with gestation period and birth weight but negatively with the postnatal incubation period. 4) That score of children who walked showed no significant difference in any of the three postures. 5) Highest test scores in children who could nat walk were in the Box and Block Test for nondominant hand in bead stringing for bilateral hand function. There scores occurred with the children in thee chair sitting posture. The results showed that, in order to improve hand function in children with spastic diplegia, it is necessary to maintain a well supported upright trunk posture with variations allowed for relevance to the chosen position of thee improvements hand activity being performed.